ARTHROPHYLLUM 



ARTICHOKE 



A. campe'stris. Green. England. 

 ., camphor a' ta S. Europe. 

 ,, saxa'tilis. 3. Brown. July. Hungary. 

 c&rule'scens (bluish). 2. Yellow. September. Medi- 

 terranean Region. Hardy evergreen shrub. 

 ,, ca'na. 2 to 3. Yellow. N. Amer. 1800. 

 cauca'sica. See A. LANATA CAUCASICA. 

 chine'nsis (Chinese Moxa). 4. Yellow. July. China. 



1818. Greenhouse herbaceous. 

 Dracu'nculus (tarragon). 2. White, green. July. 



South of Europe. 1548. 

 ,, fri'gida (cold), i. Yellow, green. August. Siberia. 



1826. Syn. A. aprica. 

 ,, furca'ta (forked). See A. TRIFURCATA. 

 ,, ga'llica (French). 2. Brown. August. France. 

 .. glacia'lis (icy), i. Yellow, green. July. Switzer- 

 land. 1739. 



,. He'rba-a'lba. White. Spain. Morocco. 

 ,, hispa'nica. See A. BIENNIS. 

 ,, inodo'ra. See A. CAMPESTRTS. 

 juda'ica (Judean). 2. Yellow. August. 1774. 



Half-hardy evergreen. 

 ,, lacinia'ta. N. China. 

 ,. lactiflo'ra (pale-flowered). 2. Pale white. November. 



NepauL 1828. Greenhouse evergreen. 

 lana'ta. Spain. Italy; Tauria. 1804. 

 cauca'sica. Corolla woolly at top. Caucasus. 

 lednice'nsis (Lednisc). See A. CAMPESTRIS. 

 mari'tima (sea), i. Brown. July. Britain. 

 ,, marschallia'na (MarschalTs). See A. CAMPESTRIS. 

 Muttlli'na (mutellina). i. Yellow. July. Alps. 



Europe. 1815. 

 norve'gica (Norwegian), i. Yellow. July. Norway. 



1818. 



orienta'lis (oriental). See A. AUSTRIACA. 

 Palla'sii (Pallas's). See A. BOREALIS. 

 pectina'ta (comb-leaved), i. Brown. June. Dauria. 



1806. Hardy annual. 



pfduncula'ris (flower-stalked). See A. SPLEKDENS. 

 o'n*ica(Pontine). 3. Yellow. September. Austria. 



1570. 



,, pottntillcefo'lia (potentilla-leaved). See A. ARMENIACA. 

 ,, ramo'sa (branchy). 2. Canaries. 1816. Greenhouse 



evergreen. 



,, re'pens (creeping). See A. AUSTRIACA. 

 rupe'stris (hill). 2. Brown. August. Siberia. 1748. 

 ., saxa'tilis (rock). See A. CAMPHORATA. 

 ,, scopa'ria. 3 to 5. Whitish. Autumn. S. Europe. 

 ,, seri'cea (silky-fcaird). 2. White. June. Siberia. 



1796. 

 spica'ta (spiked), i. Brown. June. Switzerland. 



1790. 

 sple'ndgns. i. Yellow. July. Caucasus. 1818. 



Syn. A. penduncularis. 

 stelleria'na. }. Yellowish. N. Amer. 

 tanacctifo'lia. ij. Brownish. Summer. Siberia. 



1768. 

 tau'rica (Taurian). i. White, green. July. Tauria. 



1818. 

 ,, tenuifo'lia (slender-leaved). See EUPATORIUM FCENI- 



CULACEUM. 



tournefortia'na (Rchb. Hort., vol. i., t. 5). 2. 



Greenish. Orient. 



tridenta'ta (Spath. Cat., 1894-95). Western N. Amer. 

 trifurca'ta. Soongaria. Syn. A. furca'ta. 

 laicnti'na (Valentian). See A. HERBA-ALBA. 

 ,, vulga'ris (common wormwood). 

 a-u'rea. Leaves yellow. 1879. 

 ,, variega'ta (variegated-leaved). 2. Purple. August. 



Gardens. 

 Wulfe'nii (Wulfen's). See A. MUTELLINA. 



ARTHROPHYXLUM MADAGASCARIE NSE. See 



PHYLLARTHRON BOJERIANUM. 



ARTHROPO'DIUM. (From arthron, a joint, and pous, 

 a foot ; in reference to the flower-stalks being jointed, 

 Nat. ord. Lilyworts [Liliaceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, 

 i-Monogynia. Allied to Anthericum.) 



Greenhouse herbaceous perennials, except where other- 

 wise specified. Seeds, offsets, and suckers. Sandy loam 

 and a little peat, or leaf-mould. Summer temp., medium ; 

 winter, 40 to 45. 

 A. cirra'tum (curled). 3. White. June. New Zealand. 



1821. 

 fimbria'tum (fringed). See DICHOPOGON SIEBERIANUS. 



A. minus (smaller). 2. White. July. N.Holland. 1823. 



,, ne'o-caledo'nicum. ij. White. May. New Cale- 

 donia. 1877. 



,, panicula'tum (panicled). 3. White. August. N. S. 

 Wales. 1800. Greenhouse bulb. 



,, pe'ndulum (pendulous). See A. PANICULATUM. 



ARTHRO PTERIS. See NEPHRODIUM and NEPHRO- 

 LEPIS. 



ARTHROSO'LEN. (From arthros, a joint, and solen, 

 a tube ; the flowers are jointed. Nat. ord. Thyme- 

 leaceae.) 



Greenhouse evergreens. Cuttings of half-ripe shoots 

 in sand, under a bell-glass. Fibrous loam, peat and sand. 

 A. la'xus (loose), i. White. June, July. S. Africa. 



1804. 

 spica' tus (spiked), i. White. May. S.Africa. 1787. 



ARTHROSTE MMA. (From arthron, a joint, and 

 stemma, a crown ; the flower-stalks being jointed. Nat. 

 ord. Melastomads [Melastomacea?]. Linn. 8-Octandria, 

 i-Monogynia. Alh'ed to Osbeckia.) 



Cuttings of small, firm, side-shoots in August or April, 

 under a glass, in sandy soil. The stove species with 

 heat ; sandy loam, and a little peat or leaf-mould. 



A. fra'gile (brittle). 3. Rosy. June. Mexico. 1846. 



Stove evergreen. 



,, ni'tidum (glossy-leaved). See TIBOUCHINA NITIDA. 

 ,, versi'color (changeable-flowered). See TIBOUCHINA 

 VERSICOLOR. 



ARTHROTA'XIS. See ATHROTAXIS. 



ARTICHOKE. (Cy'nara Sco'lymus.) Many persons 

 have thought that the name of this vegetable refers to 

 the almost unswallowable part of it known by the name 

 of " the choke " ; but this is quite a mistake. The word 

 artichoke is merely the English mode of spelling its 

 French name, artichaut ; and this is said, by old writers, 

 to be a corruption of the Arabic name for it, alcocalos, 

 which has reference to the shape of its heads being like 

 that of the pine-apple. The Arabs prize it highly, not 

 only for its edible heads, but its roots as a purgative, 

 and its gummy exudations as an emetic. 



Varieties. There are two varieties in cultivation, the 

 conical, or French, of which the heads are green, and the 

 scales of their calyx spreading ; and the globe, tinged with 

 purple, with the scales curved inwards and compactly. 

 The artichoke is sometimes called the globe artichoke, on 

 account of the round outline of its heads. These heads 

 are boiled, and the bottom of each scale, or calyx, eaten 

 with butter and salt. The bottom of these heads, which 

 is the part named " the receptacle " by botanists, because 

 it is the receptacle or part containing all the members of 

 the flower, is very fleshy, and is cooked in various ways ; 

 being, also, sometimes dried, and used in winter. 



Propagation. It may be raised from seed ; but the 

 most expeditious and usual way is to plant suckers from 

 the old roots in the spring. When the suckers are eight 

 or ten inches high, in open weather, about the end of 

 March, or early in April, select such as have much of 

 their fibrous roots, and are sound, and not woody. The 

 brown, hard part by which they are attached to the 

 parent stem must be removed, and, if that cuts crisp and 

 tender, the suckers are good, but, if tough and stringy, 

 they are worthless. Further, to prepare them for plant- 

 ing, the large, outside leaves are taken off so low that 

 the heart appears above them. If they have been some 

 time separated from the stock, or if the weather is dry, 

 they are greatly invigorated by being put into water for 

 three or four hours before they are planted. They 

 should be set in rows, four feet and a half by three feet 

 apart, and about half their length beneath the surface. 

 Turn a large flower-pot, or a sea-kale pot, over each, 

 and water them abundantly every evening until they are 

 established, as well as during the droughts of summer. 

 The only other attention they require, during the summer, 

 is the frequent use of the hoe, and an occasional supply 

 of liquid-manure. It is also an excellent plan to have 

 some mulch kept about their roots during dry weather, 

 immediately after planting, and during the whole summer, 

 and to remove all small, weak suckers about June. The 

 plants will produce a succession of heads from July to 

 October of the year they are planted. For about five 

 years they will continue similarly productive during 



