BARBACENIA 



97 



BARLERIA 



B. exalta'ta (exalted). 3. White. June. N. Amer. 



1724. 

 ,. lanceola'ta (lanceolate), i. Yellow. July. N. 



Amer. 1818. 



leuca'ntha (white flowered). 2. White. N. Amer. 

 leucophce'a(B. M., t. 5900). White. July. N. Amer. 



1870. 



mi' nor (smaller). See B. AUSTRALIS MINOR. 

 , mo'llis (soft). See THERMOPSIS MOLLIS. 

 , perfolia'ta (perfoh'ate). 3. Yellow. August. Caro- 

 lina. 1732. 

 , Sere'niz. N. Amer. 

 , sphceroca'rpa (globose-fruited). Texas. 

 , tincto'ria (dyer's), ij. Yellow. July. N. Amer. 



1750. " Wild Indigo." 

 versi' color (various-coloured). 4. Light purple. July. 



N. Amer. 1824. 



villo'sa (long-haired). 2. Yellow. June. N. Amer. 

 1811. 



BARBACENIA. (Named after M. Barbacena, a 

 governor of Minas Geraes. Nat. ord. Bloodroots [Amaryl- 

 lidaceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, i-Monogynia. Allied to 

 Vellozia.) 



Stove herbaceous perennials. Divisions ; sandy loam. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 45 to 55. 

 B. gra'cilis (slender). See DASYLIRIO.V ACROTRICHUM. 

 purpu'rea (purple- flowered) . Purple. July. Brazil. 



1825. 



Rogie'rii (Rogers's). Purplish-violet. 1850. 

 hy'bridce (Fl. Ser., t. 1152). 

 sangui'nea (blood-coloured). Deep crimson. 1847. 

 squama' ta (scaly-stalked) . $. Yellow, crimson. March. 

 Brazil. 1841. 



BARBADOES CEDAR. Juni'perus barbadtfnsis. 

 BARBADOES CHERRY. Malpi'ghia. 

 BARBADOES GOOSEBERRY. Pere'skia. 

 BARBADOES LILY. Hippea' strum eque'stre. 

 BARBADOES PRIOR Adenanihe'ra pavoni'na. 



BARBARE A. Winter Cress. (From being formerly 



called the herb of Sta. Barbara. Nat. ord. Crucifers 



[Crucifera?]. Linn. is-Tetradynamia. Allied to Arabis.) 



All hardy herbaceous biennials. Seeds ; common soil. 



B. arcua'ta (bowed). 2. Yellow. July. Germany. 1833. 



ortho'ceras (straight-podded), ij. Yellow. June. 



Siberia. 

 pra'cox (American-cress). i. Yellow. October. 



England. 

 stri'cta (upright). Yellow. Britain. Hardy biennial. 



Raised from seed. 



vulga'ris (common), ij. Yellow. July. Britain. 

 flo're pie' no. A useful border plant with double 



flowers. 



,, ,, variega'ta. An attractive form. 

 BARBE RIA. See BARLERIOLA. 



BARBERRY. (Be'rberis vulga'ris.) There are five 

 varieties of the Common Barberry : the red, without and 

 with stones ; the black sweet, which is tender, and requires 

 a sheltered border ; the purple ; and the white. The 

 seedless (B. vulga'ris aspe'rma) is mostly preferred for 

 preserving purposes. The fruit is acid, and the bark is 

 very astringent. 



Propagation. Suckers, cuttings, and layers may be 

 employed, either in the spring or autumn. The seed is 

 very rarely used. 



Soil. A sandy or calcareous soil, with a dry sub-soil, 

 suits it best. 



Culture. It requires no other pruning than such as is 

 necessary to keep it within bounds. As the fruit is very 

 tedious to gather, it is well to keep the middle of the tree 

 open by pruning, somewhat like gooseberry-pruning. 

 Their spines are so formidable, that we have known the 

 common kinds used with good effect to stop gaps in 

 hedges liable to much trespass. 



Fruit. This is fully ripe in October, and is gathered 

 in entire bunches for preserving, pickling, and candying. 



Diseases. It is liable to be infected with a parasitical 

 fungus, the cluster cups of the Barberry (&cidium 

 berberidis), which is an early or spring stage of Puccinia 

 graminis. This first gives rise to the Uredo or rust stage 



on wheat, and afterwards to the black or brand stage, 

 and which is the true Puccinia. This latter rests through 

 the winter, producing spores in spring that again attack 

 the Barberry, thus repeating its life history. 



BARBHTRIA. (Named after /. B. G. Barbier, M.D.. 

 a French naturalist. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants 

 [Leguminosae]. Linn. ij-Diadelphia, \-Decandria. Allied 

 to Ca janus.) 



Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of half-ripened 

 wood in sand, under a glass ; sandy peat and loam. 

 Summer temp., 68 to 85 ; winter, 50 to 55. 



B. polyphy'lla (many-leaved). Reddish- purple. Porto 

 Rico. 1818. 



BARK. The exterior part of the trunks, or stems of 

 plants and trees. And if this covering is damaged in any 

 way it may cause canker, and in the case of its being 

 broken off the entire circumference of the stem it may 

 cause the upper portion to die off. Th,e bark of the 

 oak is extensively used by tanners in the preparation of 

 leather. For this purpose it is stripped from the trunks 

 of trees cut down early in the year ; the best bark is that 

 from trees cut down about the time the sap begins to rise. 



After the bark has been used by the tanners it comes 

 in useful for garden purposes, formerly it was used ex- 

 tensively for heating purposes, but since we have had 

 so much better facilities for heating by hot water it has 

 gone out of use to a great extent. As a manure it is also 

 used, but for this purpose it must be laid up for a con- 

 siderable period. The only objection to its use is that 

 various fungi are often a trouble where it is used, other- 

 wise it is good manure. Perhaps the best way is to burn 

 it and use the ashes. 



BARE BOUND. This is a term applied to cases where 

 the bark, instead of expanding with the growth of stems, 

 splits. This may be remedied by washing with a solution 

 of soft soap and keeping the stems moist with soft 

 water (rain-water). 



BARE-STOVE. This is now an obsolete term, for no 

 stoves are heated by fermenting material, as in years 

 gone by. In gardens the bark from the tan-yards is 

 known simply as tan. 



BAREFRIA. (After the late Mr. Barker, of Birming- 

 ham, an ardent cultivator of orchids. Nat. ord. Orchids 

 [Orchidaces]. Linn. -zo-Gynandria, i-Monandria. Allied 

 to Laelia.) Now included in Epidendrum. 



Stove orchids, divisions ; fibrous peat and sphagnum, 

 in shallow baskets. Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; winter, 

 55 to 60. 



B. Barkeri'ola. Rose and white lip. 1884. 

 cyclote'lla (G. C., 1880, xiii. 72, f. 15). 

 e'legans (elegant), ij. Light rose. Mexico. 1836. 

 nobi'lior (G. C., 1886, xxv. 234). Large flowered. 

 Lawrence' a (Mrs. Lawrence's), i. Pink. Guate- 

 mala. 1847. 

 lindleya'na (Dr. Lindley's). i. Purple and white. 



November. Costa Rica. 1842. 

 Cente'rce. Rosy-lilac. Costa Rica. 1873. 

 melanocau'lon (dark-stemmed), i. Lilac. June. 



Costa Rica. 1848. 



,, Skinne'ri (Mr. Skinner's), ij. Pink. Guatemala. 

 ,, supe'rbum(W.S. t O.,38). Dark rose. Guatemala. 

 ,, specta'bUis (showy), i. Lilac and purple. July. 



Guatemala. 1843. 

 vanneria'na (G. C., 1885, xxiv. 678). 



BAREING IRONS, or BARE SCALERS, are for scrap- 

 ing off the hardy outer bark, or dry scales from the stems 

 and branches of trees. 



BA'RELYA. (Named in honour of Sir H. Barkly, 

 formerly Governor of S. Australia. Ord. Leguminosag.) 



A large tree requiring greenhouse treatment, and may 



be grown in the open during the summer ; propagated 



from seeds or cuttings of half-ripened wood, in close frame. 



B. syringifo'lia. 30. Golden-yellow. Moreton Bay. 



1858. 



BARLFRIA. (After the Rev. J. Barrelier, of Paris. 

 Xat. ord. Acanthads [Acanthaceae]. Linn. i^-Didynamia, 

 2-Angiospermia.) 



Stove evergreens, except B. longifo'lia. This may be 

 propagated by seed, the others by cuttings of the young 



G 



