BARLERIOLA 



98 



BARRINGTONIA 



wood, in heat, under a close frame. Pot in loam, leaf- 

 mould, and manure. Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 

 50 to 60. 



B. a'Jba (white). See B. CRIST ATA. 

 ,. buxifo'lia (box-leaved). 2. White. July. E. Ind. 



1768. 



,, caru'lea (blue). See B. STRIGOSA. 

 crista'ta (crested). 2. Blue. July. E. Ind. 1796. 

 dicho'toma. Purple. E. Ind. 1823. 

 ,, dicho'toma (twin-branched). See B. CRISTATA. 

 ,, fla'va (yettow-flowered). 3. Yellow. July. Arabia. 



1816. Syn. B. mitis. 



Gibso'ni(B. M., t. 5628). Purple. India. 1867. 

 involucra'ta ela'ta. 6. Dark blue. Singapore. 1890. 

 lichtensteinia'na (G. C., 1870, p. 73). 

 ,, longifto'ra (long-flowered). 3. July. E. Ind. 1816. 

 longifo'lia (long-leaved). 2. White. August. E. 



Ind. 1781. See HYGROPHILA SPINOSA. 

 ,, lupuli'na (hop-headed). 2. Yellow. August. 



Mauritius'. 1824. 

 Macke'nii (B. M., t. 5866). Purple. Spring. Natal. 



1870. 



mi'tis. See B. FLAVA. 

 monta'na. 9. Purple. September. E. Ind. 1818. 



Syn. B. purpurea. 

 noctiflo'ra (night-flowering). 3. Red. April. E. 



Ind. 1818. 

 Prioni'tis (pnonitis-like) . 3. Orange. July. E. Ind. 



1759- 



,, purpu'rea (purple). See B. MONTANA. 

 re'pens (B. M., t. 6954). Rose. Trop. Africa. 1887. 

 ,, solanifo'lia (nightshade-leaved). See BARLERIOLA 



SOLANIFOLIA. 



strigo'sa (bristly). 2. Blue. July. E. Ind. 1820. 



Syn. B. ccerulea. 

 tomcnto'sa (felted). S. India. 



BARLERI'OLA. (Prom Barleria. Nat. ord. Acan- 

 thaceae.) 



B. solanifo'lia. 2. Blue. W. Ind. Syn. Barleria 

 solam folia. 



BARLEY. (Ho'rdeum vulga're.) A valuable cereal, 

 extensively used in the manufacture of beer and also 

 spirits. 



BARNADE'SIA. (After Barnaday, a Spanish botanist. 

 Nat. ord. Composites [Compositae]. Linn. ig-Syngenesia, 

 i-jEqualis. Allied to Mutisia.) 



B. ro'sea, a very pretty deciduous shrub, requiring to 

 be kept nearly dry, in a greenhouse, in winter. Seeds 

 in hotbed, in March ; cuttings of half-ripened wood in 

 April, in sand, in close frame. Summer temp., 60 to 

 80 ; winter, 45 to 55. 



B. grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). 2. Pale rose. S. Amer. 



1844. An evergreen, requiring a cool stove. A 



species of Chuquiraga. 

 ro'sea (rose-coloured), i. Pink. May. S. Amer. 



1840. 

 spino'sa (spiny). See CHUQUIRAGA SPINOSA. 



BARNA'RDIA. (Named after E. Barnard, F.L.S. 

 Nat. ord. Lilyworts [Liliaceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, 

 i-Monogynia. Allied to the Squills, and now united with 

 Scilla.) 



Half-hardy, bulbous-rooted plant. Offsets ; peat and 

 loam ; only wants a little protection in winter. 

 B. scilloi'des (squill-like). See SCILLA CHINENSIS. 



BARO'METER, or WEATHER GLASS, so called from 

 two Greek words, signifying a measurer of weight, be- 

 cause it indicates the weight or pressure of the air. We 

 only admit a notice of this because, as a guide to approach- 

 ing changes of weather, it is useful to the gardener. 



The Barometer is now so well understood by all 

 gardeners that it does not require any explanation, 

 except to say that after a few months' study it is not 

 difficult to follow the reading, and judge what the weather 

 may be. 



BARO'SMA. (From barys, heavy, and osme, odour ; 

 referring to the powerful scent of the leaves. Nat. ord. 

 Rueworts [Rutaceae]. Linn. $-Pentandria, i-Monogynia. 

 Allied to Diosma.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs, all natives of the Cape of 

 Good Hope. Cuttings of half-ripened wood in June, in 



close, cool frame ; sandy loam and peat. Summer temp., 

 60 ; winter, 35 to 40. 



B betuli'na (birch-leaved). 2. White. June. 1790. 

 crena'ta (notched). 



crenula'ta (finely notched). 3. Bluish. April. 

 dioi'ca (dioecious). 2. White. June. 1816. 

 fcetidi'ssima (most foetid). 2. June. 1824. 

 lanceola'ta (lance-shaped). 

 latifo'lia (broad-leaved). White. July. 1789. 

 ova'ta (egg-shaped-leaved). 2. White. May. 1790. 

 pulche'lla(neat). Purple. June. 1787. 

 scopa'ria (broom). i|. June. 1812. 

 serratifo'lia (B. M., t. 456). i to 3. White. March 

 to June. " Buchu." 



BARRED. That part of a plant is said to be barred 

 which is striped with a lighter or darker colour than 

 the prevailing colour of that part. 



BARREN PLANTS. In the older editions, under this 

 heading, the male flowers of Cucumbers, Melons, and 

 other monoecious flowers are termed barren, but the term 

 should be applied to such flowering plants as fail to pro- 

 duce perfect reproductive organs. In many distinct 

 hybrid plants this occurs ; we have an instance of this 

 in Begonia Gloire de Lorraine, and also in other hybrids ; 

 in the Begonia it is only after a long extended raceme of 

 flowers has been made that a terminal female flower 

 appears, and then there is no fertile pollen on the male 

 flowers. All the double stocks and other flowers which 

 produce petals in place of stamens prove barren. In 

 Ferns, where we get a multiplicity of growths, or what 

 are termed plumose varieties, they generally fail to 

 produce fertile spores. The ray, or enlarged outer 

 florets, of some composites are devoid of sexual organs, 

 and are further examples of barren flowers. It was over 

 sixty years after female plants of Aucuba japonica were 

 introduced before we had the male or pollen- bearing 

 plants, and up to somewhere about 1860 no berries were 

 ever seen on Aucubas, and they were supposed to be 

 barren, yet it is remarkable that the pollen is conveyed 

 from plants a long way off, and the female flowers 

 fertilised. Plants which produce perfectly fertile organs 

 are often prevented from maturing their seeds or fruits 

 through injudicious treatment. Too much moisture 

 and a close atmosphere causes barrenness. It may also 

 be caused by growing the plants too luxuriantly. 



In fruits we have some in which the pulpy or edible 

 part is developed abnormally and no seeds are produced. 

 Taking Cucumbers, very fine examples may be grown 

 which will fail to produce perfect seeds even if carefully 

 fertilised. It may be worth adding that the inexperi- 

 enced often select the most perfect in appearance for 

 seed, with the result that no good seeds are found ; those 

 which produce the best seeds are considerably enlarged 

 in girth towards the terminal portion of their growth. 

 And it does not follow that plants are naturally barren 

 because they fail to produce seeds which will germinate ; 

 it may be necessary to artificially fertilise. It is so with 

 many of the improved garden varieties of plants. 



BARREN SOIL. No soil is absolutely incapable of 

 production ; and when it is spoken of as being barren, 

 no more is meant than that, in its present state, it will 

 not repay the cultivator. The unproductiveness arises 

 from a deficiency of some of the necessary mineral 

 matters ; from an excess or deficiency of animal and 

 vegetable matters ; or from an excess of stagnant water. 

 No soil can be productive where nineteen parts out of 

 twenty are of any one earth or other substance. If either 

 chalk, or sand, or clay, be in excess, the remedy is found 

 in adding one or both of the other two. An excess of 

 organic matter only occurs in peat soils ; and these are 

 reclaimed by draining, paring, and burning, and the 

 addition of earthy matter. Drainage is also the cure 

 for an excess of water. 



BARRENWORT. Epime'dium. 



BARRINGTO NIA. (Named after the Hon. Daines 

 Barrington. Nat. ord. Myrtleblooms [Myrtaceae]. Linn. 

 i6-Monadelphia, 8-Polyandria.) 



Stove evergreen trees and shrubs. B. echina'ta and 

 platyphy'lla are separated into a genus, Commersonia. 

 Cuttings of ripe shoots under a glass, in a strong heat , 

 lumpy loam and peat. Summer temp., 70 to 90 ; 

 winter, 60 to 65*. 



