BIANCEA 



112 



BIENNIAL 



B. exce'lsa (tall). See B. PAPYRIFEKA. 

 ,, fnitico'sa (shrubby). 6. June. Siberia. 1818. 

 ,, glandulp'sa (glanded). May. N. Amer. 1816. 

 ,, globispi'ca (globular- fruited). Japan. 1907. 

 gra'ndis (great). See B. ALBA. 

 ,, gro'ssa (large-tooth-leaved). Japan. 

 hu'milis (low). Northern Hemisphere. 

 hum'ilis X pube'scens. 1905. 

 interme'dia (intermediate). Alpine and Arctic 



Europe. 



,, lanulo'sa (woolly). See B. NIGRA. 

 ,, le'nta (pliant). 50. July. N. Amer. 1759. 

 lu'tea (yellow). 20. May. N. Amer. 

 ,, Maximowi'czii (Maximowicz's). Japan. 1894. 

 Medwedie'wi (Medwediew's). Transcaucasia. 1887. 

 mo' His (soft). E. Ind. 1840. 



,, na'na (swoo/A-dwarf), 4. May. Northern Hemi- 

 sphere. 



macrophy'lla (large-leaved). 6. May. Switzer- 

 land. 1819. 

 ., stri'cta (upright). May. 



, ni'gra (black). 60. July.' N. Amer. 1736. 



, ova'ta (egg-leaved). See B. ALBA. 



, palle'scens (palish). 6. 



, papyra'cea (paper). See B. PAPYRIFERA. 



. papyri' f era (paper-bearing). 50. June. N. Amer. 



1750. 

 fu'sca (blackish-brown). May. Carolina. 



,, occidental Us (western). Leaves large, shining. 

 N.W. Amer. 1888. 



,, platyphy'lla (broad-leaved). 50. June. Carolina. 

 ,, tricho' clada (hairy- twigged). June. Carolina. 

 ,, papyri'fera X pu'mila. Garden origin. 

 ,, populifo'lia (poplar-leaved). 30. July. N. Amer. 



1750. Hardy evergreen. 

 ,, ,, lacinia'ta (cut-leaved). 30. July. 

 ,, pe'ndula (pendulous). July. 

 ,, pu'mila (hairy-dwarf). 6. May. N. Amer. 1762. 



, ,, fostigia'ta (upright). 



, ,, Gra'yi (Gray's dwarf). 1890. 



, pu'mila X le'nta. Garden hybrid. 1895. 



, raddea'na (Raddean). Caucasus. 1887. 



, ru'bra (red). See B. NIGRA. 



, Scopo'lii (Scopoli's). 6. 

 ,, tri'stis (sad). 10. May. Kamtschatka. 

 ,, ulmifo'lia (elm-leaved). Japan. 1894. 

 ,, u'tilis (useful). 50. May. Himalayas. 1840. 

 ,, glanduli' fera (gland-bearing). Near B. Ermani and 

 B. ulmifolia. 1905. 



BIANCEA SCANDENS. See CESALPINIA SEPIARIA. 



BIA'RUM. (The ancient name of a plant. Nat. ord. 

 AraceaB. Allied to Sauromatum.) 



Hardy tubers that may be grown in any well-drained, 

 good garden soil, but if heavy, use plenty of leaf-mould 

 and sand. Propagated by offsets when the leaves die 

 down. 



B. angusta'tum (narrow). . Spathe and spadix 

 blackish-purple. Syria. 1861. Syn. Ischarum 

 angustatum. 

 ., cri'spulum (crisped). $. Blackish-purple. Asia 



Minor. 1860. 



,, Christma'nni (Christmann's). Cilicia. 

 exi'mium (tall). . Blackish-purple. Asia Minor. 



1854. 

 Ko'tschyi (Kotschy's). |. Blackish-purple. Syria. 



1860. 

 Pyra'mi (Pyramus). \. Spathe and spadix blackish - 



purple. Palestine. 1862. 

 ., Spru'neri (Spruner's). Closely related to B. tenui- 



folium. Greece. 1894. 



,. tenuifo'lium (thin-leaved). J. Dark brown-purple. 

 June. S. Europe. Syns. B. gramineum, B. con- 

 stri'ctum, and Arum tenuifolium. 



BIBIO MARCI. St. Mark's Fly. Mr. Curtis says : 

 " The larva;, or grubs, of this insect generally live, in 

 large groups of a hundred or more, in strawberry-beds, 

 vine-borders, flower-pots, and similar undisturbed spots, 

 feeding upon the roots, and sometimes destroying the 

 entire plant. Bouch6 says they completely demolished 

 bis bed of Ranunculuses for several successive years, by 

 eating up the tubers. The larva is dark brown, some- 

 what cylindrical, the belly flattened, moderately broad, 

 and nearly linear; the head is comparatively small, 



deep brown, and very shining. It changes to a chrysalis, 

 generally, towards the end of March. This is of a pale 

 ochreous colour, the head being brightest. The female 

 lays her eggs in the earth, and in the dung of horses 

 and cows, in May. They do not hatch until August." 



BI'DENS. (From bis, twice, and dens, a tooth ; in 

 reference to the seed. Nat. ord., Composites. Linn. 

 ig-Syngenesia, i-/Equalis. Allied to Coreopsis.) 



Hardy ones may be grown in the common border. 

 The others are scarcely worth cultivating ; but we have 

 named the best. The annuals and biennials from seed, 

 and the perennials by divisions and suckers. All hardy, 

 except when otherwise specified. 



B. argu'ta (arguta). See B. HETEROPHYLLA. 

 atrosangui'nea (dark blood-red). 3. Black-crimson. 



Mexico. Root tuberous. 



,, berteria'na (Berter's). See COSMOS CAUDATUS. 

 ,, bipinna'ta (twice-leafleted). See COSMOS BIPINNATUS. 

 ,, chrysa'ntha (golden-flowered). 2. Yellow. August 



W. Ind. 1752. Stove. 



,, corona' ta (crowned). See COREOPSIS CORONATA. 

 dahlioi'des (Dahlia-like). 2. Pink, purple, rose, white. 



Mexico. 1910. Root tuberous, 

 ,, ferulcefp'lia (Ferula-leaved). 2. Yellow. Autumn. 



Mexico. 1799. 

 ,, grandifto'ra (large-flowered). 2. Yellow. June. 



S. Amer. 1800. Annual. 

 ., heterophy'lla (various-leaved). 2. Yellow. August. 



Mexico. 1803. Greenhouse herbaceous perennial. 

 hu'milis (dwarf). Yellow. Peru. Half-hardy 



perennial. 1861. 

 , leuca'ntha (white-flowered), ij. White. July. W. 



Ind. Annual. 



,, macrospe'rma (large-seeded). See B. PARVIFLORA. 

 ,, odora'ta (sweet-scented). 3. White. June. Mexico. 



1825. Annual. 

 ,, parvifto'ra (small-flowered). i. Yellow. June. 



Siberia. 1829. 

 pilo'sa (pilose). 6. White. June. W. Ind. 1699. 



Stove. 

 ,, pro'cera (tall). 6. Yellow. November. Mexico. 



1822. Herbaceous perennial. 

 ,, re'pens (creeping). See B. TRIPARTITA. 

 ,, rubifo'lia (Rubus-leaved). 6. Yellow. August. 



W. Ind. 1792. Stove. 



,, serrula'ta (fine- toothed). See B. GRANDIFLORA, 

 stria'ta (striated). 3. White. Yellow. Autumn. 



Mexico. (B. M., t. 3155.) 

 ,, triparti'ta (triparted-leaved). i to 2, Yellow. 



Autumn. Britain. 



BIDWI'LLIA. (Named after Mr. Bidwell, of Sydney, 

 an ardent cultivator of bulbs. Nat. ord. Lilyworts 

 [Liliaceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, i-Monogynia. Allied to 

 Anthericum.) 



Hardy bulb. Divisions and offsets ; light, rich soil. 

 Grown in cool greenhouse. 



B. glauce'scens (milky-green). White. May. Australia. 

 1843. 



BIEBERSTEI'NIA. (Named after M. Von Bieberstein, 

 who wrote a Russian Flora. Nat. ord. Crane's-bills 

 [Geraniaceae]. Linn. lo-Monadelphia, 4.-Decandria.) 



Half-hardy herbaceous perennial. Cuttings in close 

 frame in the beginning of summer ; seeds, in a slight 

 hotbed, under a glass, in March or April. Requires the 

 protection of a cold pit during winter, or a very dry, 

 sheltered place. 



B. odo'ra (sweet), i. Yellow. May. Altaia. 1837. 



BIENNIAL, from biennis, the Latin for of two years' 

 continuance, is a plant which, being produced from seed 

 in one year, perfects its seed and dies during the year 

 following. Biennials may often be made to endure 

 longer if prevented ripening their seeds ; and many 

 exotics, biennials in their native climes, are perennials in 

 our stoves. 



Hardy Biennials. Some of these ripen their seeds as 

 early as August, in which case they may be sown as 

 soon as harvested. Others, ripening their seeds later, 

 must have these reserved from sowing until May. The 

 double varieties of wallflowers, &c., are propagated by 

 cuttings. 



Frame Biennials. These require the shelter of a frame 



