BLACK GRUB 



117 



BLECHNUM 



far superior practice to sowing the seed broadcast. 

 Destroy charlock : it affords support to the beetles 

 before the turnips come up. The most effectual banish- 

 ment of the turnip-fly, we think, is secured by sowing 

 the surface of the soil with gas lime two or three morn- 

 ings after the turnip-seed has been sown. This is so 

 offensive to the insect as to drive it away just at the 

 time the young plants are appearing above ground. The 

 above is taken from the Cottage Gardener, but there are 

 now many other remedies which will be found in all 

 modern catalogues. 



BLACK GRUB. Atha'lia spina'rum. 



BLACK JACK OAK. Que'rcns ni'gra. 



BLACK PINE. Pi'nus austri'aca. 



BLACK SALTWORT. Glau'x mari'tima. 



BLACK THORN. Pru'nus spino'sa. 



BLACK VARNISH-TREE. Melanorrka'a. 



BLACK WATTLE. Callico'ma sarratifo'lia. 



BLADDER BLIGHT. See PEACH Blistering of Leaf. 



BLADDER CATCHFLY. Sile'ne latifo'lia. 



BLADDER KETMIA. Hibi'scus Trio'num. 



BLADDER NUT. Staphyle'a. 



BLADDER SENNA. Colu'tea. 



BLADDER WORT. Utricula'ria. 



BLEBERRY, or BILBERRY. Vacci'nium Myrti'llus. 



BL&RIA. (Named after Dr. Blair, a physician. 

 Nat. ord. Heathworts [Ericaceae]. Linn. ^-Tetrandria, 

 i-Monogynia.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs, from the Cape of Good 

 Hope. Cuttings of young wood in sand, under a bell- 

 glass ; sandy peat. Summer temp., 50 to 65 ; winter, 

 35 to 45, with plenty of air. 

 B. articitla'ta (jointed). 2. Pink. May. 1795. 



bractea'ta (bracteated). See SYMPIEZA CAPITELLATA. 



,, cilia'ris (hair-fringed). See GRISEBA'CHIA CILIA'RIS. 



,, dumo'sa (bushy). See B. PURPUREA. 



,, ericoi'des (heath-like). 2. Purple. September. 1774. 



., fascicula'ta (bundled). See SIMOCHEI'LUS GLABE'LLUS. 



,, purpu'rea (purple-flowered). 2. Purple. May. 1791. 



BLA KEA. (Named after Martin Blake, an active 

 promoter of useful knowledge. Nat. ord. Melastomads 

 [Melastomaceae], Linn. n-Dodecandria, i-Monogynia. 

 Allied to Miconia.) 



Stove evergreen shrubs. Cuttings from shoots, rather 

 firm ; plant in sandy peat, in bottom-heat, under a 

 glass ; peat and loam. Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; 

 winter, 50 to 55. 



B. gra'cilis (graceful). White and pink, fragrant. Trop. 



Amer. 1905. 

 quinquene'rvia (five-nerved). See BELLU'CIA AUBLE'- 



TH. 

 ,, trine'rvia (three-nerved). 8. White. June. Jamaica. 



1789. 



BLANCHING, or ETIOLATION, is effected by making 

 plants grow in the dark ; and the more completely the 

 light is excluded, the more entire is the absence of colour 

 from the leaves and stems of the plants. The colouring 

 matter of these is entirely dependent upon their power 

 to decompose water and carbonic acid gas a power 

 they do not possess when light is absent. The effect of 

 blanching is to render the parts more delicately flavoured, 

 more pleasing to the eye, and more crisp properties 

 very desirable in sea-kale, celery, endive, lettuces, &c. 

 Wherever it can be accomplished, blanching-pots should 

 be employed, in preference to covering the plants with 

 earth or other materials. The flavour is better, and 

 decay is less liable to be induced. Lettuces and cabbages 

 are usually whitened by tying the leaves over the heart, 

 or centre-bud. With flowering plants, except with Lily 

 of the Valley and a few other bulbs, blanching is de- 

 structive to flowering. 



BLANDFO RDIA. (Named after George, Marquis of 

 Blandford. Nat. ord. Lilyworts [Liliaceae]. Linn. 6-Hex- 

 andria. i-Monogytiia. Allied to Hemerocallis.) 



Beautiful greenhouse bulbs, requiring the same treat- 



ment as Ixias. Seeds and offsets. Winter temp., 35 to 



45. Loam and peat. 



B. au'rea (golden). 2. Golden- yellow. Summer. 



Australia. 1870. 



,, Backhpu'sii (Backhouse's). See B. GRANDIFLORA. 

 Cunningha'mii (Cunningham's). Red, yellow. N. 



Holland. 



,, fta'mmea (flame-flowered). Flame. Australia. 1836. 

 e'legans (elegant). Crimson, tipped yellow. 

 hy'brida (hybrid). Red, edged yellow. 

 pri'nceps (chief). Scarlet, yellow. Summer. 



Australia. 1873. 

 grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). 2. Crimson. July. 



N. S. Wales. 1812. 

 intermedia (intermediate). Yellow. September. N. 



Holland. 1844. 

 ,, margina'ta (rough-edged-leaved). 2. Copper. July. 



Australia. 1842. 

 no'bilis (noble). 2. Orange. July. N. S. Wales. 



1803. 



,, pri'nceps (chief). See B. FLAMMEA PRINCEPS. 

 BLAST, or BLIGHT, is the popular name for any 

 withering of plants of which neither the scientific title 

 nor the causes are known to the observer. The mildew 

 of corn ; the honey-dew on fruit- trees ; the withering 

 occasioned by violent cold winds in early spring ; and 

 the ravages of the hawthorn caterpillar, are all spoken 

 of by the uninformed under the above titles. 



BLASTEMA NTHUS. (From blastema, a bud, and 

 anthos, a flower; literally bud-flowered. Nat. ord. 

 Ochuaceae.) 



Stove evergreen tree. Cuttings of ripened shoots in 

 sand, in a close frame with strong bottom-heat. Loam, 

 peat and sand. 



B. gemmifto'rus (bud-flowered). 8. Yellow. Brazil. 

 1820. 



BLE CHNUM. (From blechnon, a Greek name for a 

 Fern. Nat. ord. Ferns [Filices]. Linn. 24~Cryptogamia, 

 i-Filices.) 



Spores and divisions of the root ; peat and loam. The 

 Cape of Good Hope and New Holland species will thrive 

 in the greenhouse ; the South American and Indian 

 require the stove, though none of them will find fault 

 with its heat. Summer temp., 60 to 90 ; winter, 55 

 to 60, and may be well exposed to the sun. B. bra- 

 silie'nse is nearly hardy. 

 B. asplenioi'des (Asplenium-like). J to f. Brown. 



Trop. Amer. 1829. 

 austra'le (southern). J. Brown. June. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1691. 

 borea'le (northern) and varieties. See LOMARIA 



SPICANT. 

 ,, brasilie'nse (Brazilian). J. Brown. June. Brazil. 



1820. Syn. B. corcovadense. 

 cartilagi'neum (cartilaginous), i. Brown. July. 



N. Holland. 1820. 



,, corcoyade'nse (Corcovado). See B. BRASILIENSE. 

 denticula'tum (toothed). Brown. June. Teneriffe. 



1826. 



fmlaysonia'num (Finlayson's). Brown. Malacca. 

 fontanesia' num (Desfontaine's). Brown. July. 



Brazil. 

 glandulo'sum (glanded). J. Brown. April. Brazil. 



1823. 

 gra'cile (slender), f. Brown. November. Brazil. 



1830. 

 hasta'tum (halbert-shaped). i. Brown. July. Chili. 



1841. 

 ,, intermedium (intermediate). i. Brown. July. 



Brazil. 1841. 

 Lancefola (lance-leaved). 3. Brown. September. 



Brazil. 1829. 

 ,, trifolia'tum (three-leaved), i to 2 pairs of pinnae 



at the base of the top one. 

 Iceviga'tum (smooth), i. Brown. July. N. Holland. 



1821. 

 longifo'lium (long-leaved). i. Brown. July. 



Caraccas. 1820. 

 ,. fraxi'neum (ash-leaved). Denser than the type. 



Syn. B. fraxiniifo'lium. 



,, ni'tidum (shining). Brown. Isle of Luzon. 

 ,, contra'ctum (contracted). Narrower fronds. 

 Philippines. 1863. 



