BORAGO 



122 



BORECOLE 



dry weather, they must be watered until established ; 

 water must also be frequently applied to the seed-bed 

 of the summer sowing. 



To obtain Seed. Some of those plants which have 

 survived the winter must be left ungathered from. They 

 will begin to flower about June ; and when their seed 

 is perfectly ripe the stalks must be gathered, and dried 

 completely before it is rubbed out. 



BORA'GO. Borage. (Altered from cor, heart, and 

 ago, to affect ; referring to the cordial qualities of the 

 herbs. Nat. ord. Borageworts [Bor agin ace]. Linn. 

 5-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Hardy plants. Biennials and annuals from seed ; 

 perennials by divisions ; common soil. 

 B. crassifo'lia (thick-leaved). See CACCINIA GLAUCA. 

 cre'tica (Cretan), i. Blue. May. Crete. 1823. 



Herbaceous perennial. 

 laxiflo'ra (loose-flowered), i. Blue. June. Corsica. 



1813. Trailing biennial. 

 longifo'lia (long-leaved), i. Blue. July. N. Africa. 



1825. Annual. 

 officina'lis (common). 3. Blue. August. England. 



Annual. 

 albiflo'ra (white-flowered). 2. White. August. 



England. Annual. 



,, orienta'lis (oriental). See TRACHYSTEMON ORIENTALS. 

 ,, zeyla'nicum (Cingalese) . See TRICHODESMA ZEYLANI- 

 CUM. 



BORA'SSUS. (One of the names applied to the spathe 

 of the date-palm. Nat. ord. Palms [Palmaceas]. Linn. 

 22-Dicecia, 6-Hexandria.) 



Palm-wine, or toddy, a grateful beverage, is the juice 

 which flows from the wounded spathe of this and some 

 other palms. Stove tree. Seeds ; peat and loam. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 90 : winter, 60. 



B. ftabe'llifer (fan-bearing). 30. White, green. India 



and Africa. 1771. 



ftabellifo'rmis (fan-leaved). See B. FLABELLIFER. 

 pinna' tifrons (pinnate-leaved). See CHAM^EDOREA 



GRACILIS. 



BORBONIA. (Named after one of the Bourbon 

 family. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae] . 

 Linn. i6-Monadelphia, 6-Decandria. Related to Scottia.) 

 This genus and its allies Hovea, Lalage, Templetonia, 

 and others of that group have always been great 

 favourites with gardeners. All greenhouse evergreen 

 shrubs, from the Cape of Good Hope. Cuttings in sand, 

 in April, under a bell-glass, and in a close place, without 

 artificial heat ; peat and loam. Summer temp., 50 to 

 70 ; winter, 40 to 45. 



B. barba'ta (bearded). 4. Yellow. July. 1823. 

 ,, cilia'ta (hair- fringed). 3. Yellow. July. 1816. 

 corda'ta (heaxt-leaved) . 2. Yellow. August. 1759. 

 crena'ta (scolloped-Z<m'ed). 6. Yellow. July. 1774. 

 ericifo'lia (heath-leaved). See AMPHITHALEA ERICJE- 



FOLIA. 



lanceola'ta (lance-leaved). 5. Yellow. July. 1752. 

 parvifto'ra (small-flowered) . 9. Yellow. July. 1790. 

 perfolia'ta (per foliate-leaved). See RAFNIA PER- 



FOLIATA. 



perfora'ta (perforated). 3. Yellow. July. 1816. 



ruscifo'lia (Ruscus-leaved). See B. PARVIFLORA. 



trine'rvia (three-nerved). 6. Yellow. July. 1759. 



,, undula'ta (wave-leaved). 4. Yellow. July. 1812. 



BORDER is a name applied to that narrow division 

 of the garden which usually accompanies each side of 

 a walk in the kitchen-garden, and to the narrow bed 

 which is near to the garden- wall on one side, and abuts 

 on a walk on the other. In fact, any bed which acts as 

 a boundary to a walk, or grass-plot, or the main quarters 

 of a garden, may be properly described as a border. 



i. Fruit- Borders. Next to the wall should be a path, 

 eighteen inches wide, for the convenience of pruning 

 and gathering. Next to this path should be the border, 

 eight or nine feet wide; and then the broad walk, 

 which should always encompass the main compartments 

 of the kitchen-garden. The whole of the breadth from 

 the wall to the edge of this main walk should be ex- 

 cavated to the depth of four feet ; the bottom of the 

 excavation rammed hard ; brickbats and large stones 

 then put in, to the depth of one foot and a half ; and 

 the remaining two feet and a half filled up with suitable 



soil. From the under-drainage of brickbats, &c., drain- 

 ing-pipes should be laid with an outfall into some neigh- 

 bouring ditch. No fruit-tree will be healthy if it roots 

 deep, or if its roots are surrounded by superfluous water ; 

 that is, more water than the soil will retain by its own 

 chemical and capillary attractions. Shallow-rooting crops 

 do no harm to the trees grown on fruit-borders sufficient 

 to require their total banishment. See FRUIT-TREES and 

 STATIONS. 



The above is good advice, but modern horticulturists 

 do not take so much trouble, yet deep digging and 

 drainage are important factors in securing good crops. 



2. Flower-Borders. These, like the preceding, and, 

 indeed, like every other part of the garden not devoted 

 to aquatic and marsh plants, should be well drained. 

 In plotting them, it must also be remembered that, if 

 narrow, no art will impart to them an aspect of boldness 

 and grandeur. Indeed, narrowness of surface is in- 

 separably connected with an impression that the grounds 

 are of limited extent ; and no disposal of the plants 

 will remove the littleness thus suggested. If the pleasure- 

 grounds are small, narrow borders are permissible ; but, 

 even then, the broader they are the less is the appear- 

 ance of meanness. All flower-borders should be made 

 in proportion to the size of the garden and other sur- 

 roundings. Neatness must be the presiding deity over 

 flower-borders ; and no application of the hoe and rake, 

 no removal of decayed leaves, no tying up of straggling 

 members, can be too unremitting. See FLOWERS. 



Forking-Borders. No border, whether tenanted by 

 the roots of fruit-trees or flowering-shrubs, should be 

 ever dug with the spade. The surface turned up roughly 

 with the fork, to benefit by the winter frosts, and manure 

 as necessary, turned in with the same implement, are 

 sufficient. 



BORECOLE. Bra'ssica olera'cea ace'phala. 

 Varieties. Of the following, i, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 

 ii, and 15 are the best. 



1. Brussels Borecole, or Sprouts. 



2. Green Borecole, German or curled Kale, or Curlies, 

 Scotch or Siberian Kale, Bra'ssica olera'cea seleni'sia. 



3. Purple Borecole, B. olera'cea lacinia'ta. 



4. Variegated Borecole. 



5. Chou de Milan. 



6. Egyptian or Rabi Kale. 



7. Ragged Jack. 



8. Jerusalem Kale. 



9. Buda, Russian, or Manchester Kale. This is greatly 

 improved by blanching under a pot, like Sea- Kale. 



10. Anjou Kale. 



n. One- thousand-headed Cabbage, B. olera'cea, acd- 

 phala. 



12. Palm Borecole. 



13. Portugal, or Large-ribbed. 



14. Woburn perennial. This, and, indeed, the whole 

 race, may be propagated by cuttings, six inches long, 

 planted where to remain, in March or April. 



15. Barnes's Feathered Savoy. 



The above are all good types, but we have since had 

 many additions and improvements, also hybrids, which 

 are described in most seed catalogues. 



Sowing. The first crop sow about the end of March, 

 or early in April, the seedlings of which are fit for prick- 

 ing out towards the end of April, and for final planting 

 at the close of May, for production late in autumn and 

 commencement of winter. Sow again about the middle 

 of May; for final planting, during July; and, lastly, 

 in August, for use during winter and early spring. 



Prick out the seedlings when their leaves are about 

 two inches hi breadth ; set them about six inches apart 

 each way ; and water frequently until established. In 

 four or five weeks they will be of sufficient growth for 

 final planting. 



Planting. Put them in rows two feet and a half 

 apart each way : the last plantation may be six inches 

 closer. They must be watered and weeded ; and some 

 of them being of large-spreading growth, the earth can 

 only be drawn about their stems during their early 

 growth. If, during stormy weather, any of those which 

 acquire a tall growth are blown down, they should be 

 supported by stakes, when they will soon firmly re- 

 establish themselves. 



To raise Seed. Select such plants of each variety as 

 are of the finest growth, and either leave them where 



