BREVOORTIA 



129 



BROCCOLI 



B. Ammo'xylon (sand-wood). 4. Purple. Mauritius. 

 1826. 



BREVO'ORTIA. (Nat. ord. Liliaceae.) 



A curious and handsome bulbous plant, requiring to 

 be planted in light, warm soil in a sheltered position, 

 such as the foot of a wall. Allied to Brodiaea, and re- 

 quiring similar treatment. Propagated by offsets and 

 seeds. 



B. cocci' nea (scarlet). See B. IDA-MAIA. 

 I'da-Ma'ia, (Ida May). Crimson-red, yellow, green. 

 California. 1870. Syn. Brodiaa coccinea. 



BREW ERIA. (Nat. ord. Convolvulaceae.) 

 A stove plant related to Convolvulus, and may be 

 grown in a compost of fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 



B. corda'ta (heart-shaped calyx). India and Malaya. 



Syn. B. Roxburghii. 



humistra'ta (ground-cover). White. June. N. Amer. 

 1812. 



BREX'IA. (From brexis, rain ; in reference to the 

 protection from rain given by the large leaves of some 

 of the species. Nat. ord. Brexiads [Saxifragaceae]. Linn. 

 5-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Half-ripened shoots in sand, 

 under a bell-glass, in close frame, in bottom-heat ; sandy 

 peat, and a third loam. Summer temp., moderate ; 

 winter, 50 to 55. 

 B. chrysophy'lla (golden-leaved). See B. MADAGASCARI- 



ENSIS. 



madagascariefnsis (Madagascar). 30. Green. June. 

 Madagascar. 1812. 



inlegrifo'lia (entire-leaved). 



,, spino'sa (thorny). 30. Green. June. Mada- 

 gascar. 1812. 



BRICKE'LLIA. (Nat. ord. Composita?.) 



Stove herbs and undershrubs, propagated by cuttings 



in pots of sandy soil, in a close case, with bottom-heat. 



Compost, loam, peat, and sand. 



B. Cavandlc'sii (Cavanilles'). ij. Purple. August. 



Mexico. 1827. Shrubby. 

 pe'ndula (drooping). Yellow. August. Mexico. 



1832. 

 veronicafo'lia (Veronica-leaved), ij. Blue. August. 



Mexico. 1825. 



BRICKS. As the gardener often may want to know 

 how many bricks will be needed for an intended structure, 

 it will be a guide to know that all bricks sold in Eng- 

 land were required by statute (17 Geo. III. c. 42) to be 

 eight and a half inches long, four inches wide, and two 

 and a half inches thick. Pantiles, by the same authority, 

 were required to be thirteen and a half inches long, 

 nine and a half inches wide, and half an inch thick. 

 But as the duty is now taken off these articles, we hope 

 to see them made larger, and of various forms, so as 

 to reduce the amount of bricklayers' labour, which is 

 one of the most costly items in the construction of 

 garden-buildings. 



They are now made nine inches long, four inches wide, 

 and two and a half inches thick, and the clamp bricks are 

 most in use for horticultural purposes. Walls are usually 

 termed four inch, nine inch (this allows of some being 

 used crosswise and others lengthwise, with space for 

 mortar). The " clamp " has a hollow on one surface, 

 which holds the mortar, and binds the bricks together. 

 Fire bricks, and what are termed Kiln bricks, are made 

 with level surfaces, the latter being used for paving or 

 other purposes where a good facing is necessary ; they 

 are red, and have a smooth surface, and are rather 

 larger than the ordinary clamp bricks. 



BRIDGES. During recent years there has been con- 

 siderable improvement in the construction of Bridges. 

 In the J apanese gardens they are constructed of bamboo 

 canes, and as in these gardens artificial streams and 

 lakes are formed, the rustic bridges are effective, besides 

 being a necessity. And in any garden where there is 

 water to cross a bridge may be made an ornament. The 

 plain plank and rail should be avoided. A good firm 

 plank bottom is necessary, but in place of the straight 

 rails above, an irregular arrangement of a rustic char- 

 acter is more effective. The crooked stems of oak are 

 most effective. The construction of bridges is quite as 



much an art as painting a picture ; for when properly 

 constructed, they add much to the picturesque appear- 

 ance of the landscape. One great point in building a 

 bridge is to give it a good rise in the centre ; this with 

 a good foundation at each end, and strong girders be- 

 neath the woodwork, will be perfectly safe. In some 

 instances it may be necessary to have a level bridge 

 for crossing water but, as stated above, the bridge when 

 properly constructed is an ornament to the garden, and 

 when fairly well elevated in the centre a fine view may 

 be obtained of other parts of the garden. The rustic 

 woodwork bridges are appropriate in most parts of the 

 garden, but in the rock-garden bridges constructed of 

 stone are more in keeping with surroundings; and if 

 built of rough burs some plants may be grown on the 

 walls and supports. Opinions differ, some like strict 

 neatness; yet in the garden horizontal lines and bare- 

 ness do not appeal to the tastes of many, while a rustic, 

 well-constructed bridge is an ornament to any garden. 

 There are, of course, some cases where it is necessary 

 to have a bridge as nearly level as possible for means 

 of traffic, but even then it may be made attractive by 

 the side structures being carried up irregularly and 

 elevated in the centre. 



BRIDGFSIA SPICA'TA. See ERCILLA VOLUBILIS. 



BRILLANTATSIA. (In honour of M. BriUaint. Nat. 

 ord. Acanthads [Acanthaceas]. Linn. 2'Diandria, i-Afono- 

 gynia.) 



Stove evergreen. For culture, see BARLE'RIA. 



B. owarie'nsis (Owarian). 3. Purple. March. Western 



Africa. 1853. 

 vogelia'na (Vogelian). Trop. Africa. 



BRINING. See STEEPING. 



BRIZA. (From brizo, to nod. Nat. ord. Grasses 

 [Gramineae]. Linn. $-Triandria, 2-Digynia.) 



This genus includes our Quaking-grass, or Lady's 

 tresses, B. ma'xima and mi'nor. These, with the others 

 we here enumerate, are the only ones having any pre 

 tensions to being ornamental. Seed in early spring ; 

 common soil. 

 B. Clu'sii (Clusius's). See B. MEDIA. 



da'tior (taller). See B. MEDIA. 



geniciila'ta (kneed). S. Africa. 



gra'cilis (graceful). See B. MINOR. 



ma'xima (greatest), ij. Apetal. June. S. Europe. 

 1633. 



mefdia (medium), i. June. Britain. Perennial. 

 Common Quaking Grass. 



mi'nima (smallest). See B. MINOR. 



mi'nor (smaller). ^. Apetal. July. England. 



rotunda 'ta (rounded). Mexico. 1887. 



ru'bra (red). See B. MAXIMA. 



spica'ta (spiked). J. Greece and Asia Minor. 1882. 



BROADCAST. Applies to seed sowing where the 

 seeds are spread equally over the surface instead of 

 being sown in drills, or rows. In most instances the 

 rows are preferable. Grasses and other serials are sown 

 broadcast, and also annuals, in small seed-beds. Turnips 

 are among the few vegetables that are sown broadcast 

 on the ground where they are to remain until ready for 

 use, but the cabbage and others of the Brassica tribe 

 are usually sown in beds broadcast and transplanted later, 

 yet with all subjects rows are preferable, as the hoe 

 can be used more effectively ; even for seedlings which 

 are to be transplanted there is an advantage in having 

 them in rows if they are not sown too thickly. 



BROCCHI'NIA. (Nat. ord. Bromeliaceaa.) 



B. cordylinoi'des (Cordy line-like). 15. Yellow. Guiana. 

 1888. Stove tree. 



BROCCOLL (Bra'ssica olera'cea Broty'tis.) In the 

 older editions of this work a long list of types and 

 varieties are given, which it will not be necessary 

 to enumerate here, for catalogues from all seedsmen 

 give them in their proper order. The question fre- 

 quently arises as to the distinction between the Broccoli 

 and Cauliflower, and since we have so many hybrids it 

 is difficult to divide them. In the first place, the Broccoli 

 is a winter or spring vegetable, while the Cauliflower 

 comes in during the summer and autumn, and although 

 there is this distinction, all of those with the round, 



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