BROWNEA 



132 



BRUNFELSIA 



B. Rae'zlii (Rcezl's). 2. Azure blue or white. All 



summer. Rocky Mountains. 

 specio'sa (showy-flowered). 2. Purple. September. 



Quindiu. 1846. 



ma'jor (greater). Flowers larger. 

 visco'sa (clammy). 2. Blue. S. Amer. 



BRO'WNEA. (Named after Dr. Brown. Nat. ord. 

 Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae]. Linn. i6-Monadelphia, 

 6-Decandria. Allied to Caesalpinia and Amherstia.) 



Stove evergreen shrubs. Cuttings of ripe wood in 

 sand, under a glass, and placed in a strong bottom- 

 heat ; peat and loam. Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; 

 winter, 50 to 55. 



B. aniioque' nsis (Antioquian). See B. MACROPHYLLA. 

 Ari'za (Ariza). Red. Bogota. 1843. 

 Birsche'llii (Birschell's). 10. Rose. Venezuela. 



1872. 



capite'lla (headed). Venezuela. 

 cocci'nea (scarlet). 6. Scarlet. July. Venezuela. 



1793. 

 Crawfo'rdii (Crawford's). Garden hybrid (grandiceps 



Xtnacrophylla). 



ere' eta (erect). See TALISIA PRINCEPS. 

 gra'ndiceps (large-headed). 6. Red. Caraccas. 1829. 

 hy'brida (hybrid). Garden hybrid (Ariza X grandi- 

 ceps). 

 latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 6. Scarlet. Venezuela. 



1824. 



Leopo'ldii (Leopold's). 

 macrophy'Ua (large-leaved). Orange-scarlet. New 



Grenada. 1879. 



pri'nceps (chief). See TALISIA PRINCEPS. 

 racemo'sa (clustered). 6. Rose. Caraccas. 1826. 

 Ro'sa-de-Mo'nte. 8. Crimson. July. S. Amer. 1820. 

 ro'sea (rosy). See B. ROSA-DE-MONTE. 



BROWNLOW'IA. (Named after Lady Brownlow. 

 Nat. ord. Lindenblooms [Tiliaceae]. Linn. i^-Polyandria, 

 i-Monogynia. Allied to Grewia.) 



Stove tree. Cuttings of ripe shoots in heat ; rich, 

 loamy soil. Summer temp., 60 to 75 ; winter, 48 

 to 55 6 - 

 B. ela'ta (tall). 60. Yellow. E. Ind. 1820. 



BROWN-TAILED MOTH. Porthesia chrysorrhaea. 



BRU'CEA. (Named after Bruce, the African traveller. 

 Nat. ord. Quassiads [Simarubeae]. Linn. 22-Dicecia, 

 4-Tetrandria.) 



This genus possesses that intense bitter, for which 

 Quassia, the head of this small order, has long been 

 celebrated. Stove evergreen shrubs. Ripened cuttings 

 in sand, under a glass, in bottom-heat. Summer temp., 

 60 to 75 ; winter, 55. 



B. antidysente'rica(a.ntidysenteTic). See B. FERRUGINEA. 

 ferrugi'nea (tusty-ash-leaved). 6. Green. April. 



Abyssinia. 1775. 



gra'cilis (slender). See B. SUMATRANA. 

 sumatra'na (Sumatra). 6. Green. May. E. Ind. 



1820. 



BRUCHUS. A genus of small beetles, which confine 

 their depredations chiefly to the seeds of leguminous 

 plants. 



Bruchus granarius. The Grain Beetle. Every one 

 who is acquainted with the seeds of the pea and the 

 bean must have noticed that in many of them were 

 small, round holes ; and these occasionally are so 

 numerous as to spoil the sample, and, indeed, render 

 the seeds totally valueless for sowing ; for not one of 

 those thus pierced but would produce either a weak, un- 

 healthy plant, or not vegetate at all. Those holes in the 

 " worm-eaten " peas and beans are made by a small 

 beetle (Bruchus granarius), produced from a grub, or 

 caterpillar, which has eaten away the vital parts of the 

 seed ; and, when it has passed through the chrysalis 

 state, and given birth to this beetle, the latter makes 

 the hole in order to escape into the open air. there to 

 perpetrate more mischief upon the growing crops. The 

 body of the beetle is a dull brown ; but the elytra, or 

 wing-covers, are black, dotted with white, but scarcely 

 perceptibly so, unless magnified, as in our drawing. 

 Naturally it is the size of the smaller figure ; that is, 

 scarcely two lines long. The antennae, or feelers, are 

 eleven-jointed, black, and thinnest near the head, where 



they are also tinged with red. The head droops, the 

 eyes are prominent, the fore-legs are rusty-coloured. 

 This little beetle may be found upon various flowers 

 during seven months of the year. In February it may 

 be found on the furze-blossom, in June upon the white- 

 thorn, and in July and August upon the spiraea and 

 rhubarb flowers. The female pierces through the pod 

 of the pea and bean whilst very young, and often de- 

 posits an egg in each seed. Probably the best mode of 

 destroying this insect would be to subject the seed, as 

 soon as harvested, for some hours, until thoroughly 

 heated, to a temperature of 150. This, we think, would 

 kill the grubs without injuring the seed. 



Bruchus ater. The Furze Beetle. This little insect 

 is closely related to the previous one, also found on 

 furze. It is black, with its elytra (wing-cases) 

 marked with lines and lighter-coloured dots ; antenna? 

 (feelers) divided into eleven joints. The females, in 

 February, deposit their eggs in the germs, or young 

 seed-vessels, of the winter-blooming furze ; and the 

 same insects may be found again, in June, similarly 

 employed upon the summer-blooming furze. The grub 

 hatched from her eggs lives upon the seeds ; and every 

 one who has noticed this plant must be aware that its 

 ripe seed-vessels often contain nothing but a little rough 

 powder a powder which is the refuse of the seeds 

 destroyed by the grub of this insect. Another member 

 of this family of beetles, Bruchus pisi, is greatly de- 

 structive to the pea crops. It is a small, brownish 

 beetle, usually found at the time the plants are in flower, 

 and depositing eggs in the tender seeds of leguminous 

 plants, and sometimes in different kinds of corn. In 

 these the larva a small, white, fleshy grub finds both 

 a suitable habitation and an abundance of food. It 

 undergoes all its transformations in the seed ; and the 

 perfect insect remains in it till the spring, though in 

 fine autumns the perfect insects appear at that season 

 also. The larvae possess the singular instinct of never 

 attacking the vital part of the seed till the last. We 

 have often observed the seed-pods of Chorizema, and 

 other delicate and scarce leguminous plants in green- 

 houses, pierced by the Bruchus pisi. The more effectual 

 remedy is to pull up and burn the haulm and pods alto- 

 gether, and not attempt to get a crop at all. Cottage 

 Gardener, i. and iii. 



BRUGMA'NSIA. (This genus is united to Datura, 

 which see.) 



BRUISE. See CANKER. 



BRUNFE'LSIA. (Named in honour of Otto Brunfels 

 of Mentz, a German physician. Nat. ord. Nightshades 

 [Solanaceae]. Syn. Franciscea.) 



Very showy, free-flowering, evergreen stove shrubs. 

 The large, blue, white, or yellow flowers are mostly 

 deliciously scented. Propagated by cuttings of fairly 

 firm wood, in pots of sand and placed in a close, pro- 

 pagating case, with a genial bottom-heat. Compost of 

 loam, leaf-soil, peat, and sand. Repot after they have 

 finished flowering and place them in a house kept at 

 60 to 65 to make fresh growth. Maintain a moist 

 atmosphere at this stage, and give plenty of water when 

 growing. After growth is finished keep them drier at the 

 roots and overhead, placing them in a temperature of 

 48 to 50. 



B. acumina'ta (pointed-leaved). See B. RAMOSISSIMA. 

 america'na (American). 4. Pale yellow. June. 

 Trop. Amer. 1735. 



angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). Pale yellow. July. 

 ,, latifo'lia (broad-leaved). Pale yellow. June. 

 augu'sta (august). See B. CALYCINA. 

 calyci'na (large-calyxed). 2. Pale purple. June. 



Brazil. 1850. 



confertiflo'ra (crowded-flowered). See B. CALYCINA. 

 exi'mia (choice). See B. CALYCINA. 

 gra'cilis (graceful). 2. Pale cream. June. 1847. 

 grandiflo'r a (large-flowered). 3. Green. June. Peru. 

 hopea'na (Hopean). i. Blue-purple, yellow. Brazil. 



1826. 

 hydrangeafo'rmis (Hydrangea-formed). 4. Purple. 



April. Brazil. 1840. 

 ,, jamaice'nsis (Jamaica). 5. Yellow. June. W. Ind. 



1844. 



latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 4. Purple. April. Rio 

 Janeiro. 1840. 



