CAMERARIA 



CAMPANULA 



and be careful not to bruise the roots, or to leave them 

 in tangled masses. During the growing season liquid 

 manure may be used for plants that are well rooted. 



Camellias are not so popular for cut flowers as formerly, 

 but they make splendid plants for the cool greenhouse, 

 and on dry, sandy soil are found to be hardy. At the 

 Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Wisley, they have 

 many of the choice sorts planted out, and when we saw 

 them they had been out two winters and were looking 

 well. The original C. japonica was grown in the old 

 gardens at Chiswick and remained unharmed by frost 

 for many years, flowering profusely every spring. 



Insects. Scale gives the greatest trouble. Cold water 

 is a good remedy. During the autumn the large specimens 

 may have an occasional cleansing by giving them a 

 thorough drenching with quite cold water. Smaller 

 plants in pots may be cleansed by sponging with warm 

 water, adding soft soap at the proportion of 4 oz. to 

 the gallon of water. The soap first being thoroughly 

 dissolved in boiling water. There are also many special 

 preparations which may be used effectively. Green-fly, 

 also black-fly, may make their appearance during the 

 growing season, but are easily eradicated by fumigation. 

 Few diseases affect Camellias; sometimes the roots suffer 

 from a kind of canker, the tips turning a reddish-brown. 

 This is caused chiefly by stagnation, and may cause the 

 plants to die off. The " Camellia Blotch " (Pestalozzia 

 Guepinii) may make its appearance. All affected leaves 

 should be removed and burnt, and a good dusting of 

 lime and sulphur well distributed over the plants. 



Varieties. The doubles are not so popular as in 

 former years, but the singles and semi-doubles are great 

 favourites. Numerous unproved varieties have been 

 added. They flower freely, and are certainly more effec- 

 tive than the formal double varieties. Messrs. W. Paul 

 and Sons have given special attention to these plants, 

 and have introduced some fine varieties. The large 

 groups shown at the R.H.S. meetings has brought them 

 back into favour again. 



CAMERA'RIA. (Named in compliment to Joachim 

 Camerarius, a botanical author of the sixteenth century. 

 Nat. ord. Dogbanes [Apocynaceae].) 

 C. du'bia (doubtful). See WRIGHTIA DOBIA. 

 lu'tea (yellow). See MALOUETIA TAMAQUARINA. 



CAMOE'NSIA. (So named in commemoration of Luis 

 Camoens, a Portuguese bard of considerable note. Nat. 

 ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae].) 



A striking and showy stove shrub, but unfortunately 

 it is difficult to flower, and has only bloomed once or 

 twice in this country. May be raised from imported 

 seeds when obtainable. Cuttings of half-ripe wood in 

 sand and placed in a close case with bottom-heat. Good 

 fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 C. ma'xima (largest-flowered). Cream and yellow Trop 

 Africa. 1878. 



CAMOMILE, or CHAMOMJLE. A'nthemis no'bUis. 



Varieties. There are two kinds, the common single 

 species and the double-flowering. 



Soil and Situation. They require a poor, dry soil, 

 otherwise they are less powerful in their medicinal 

 qualities. They will grow in almost any situation, but 

 the more open the better. 



Time and Mode of Propagation. Generally by parting 

 the roots, and by offsets, planted from the close of 

 February until the end of May ; the earlier, however, the 

 better, though they may be planted in the autumn. Seed- 

 sowing may be in any of the early spring months ; but, 

 as parting the roots gives much less trouble, it is generally 

 pursued. Still, after a lapse of several years, raise fresh 

 plants, the old ones often then declining, and we recom- 

 mend the raising of some seedlings every year. 



Cultivation. They should not be planted nearer to 

 each other than eighteen inches. Water must be given 

 moderately at the time of planting, if dry weather. If 

 raised from seed, the seedlings require no further cultiva- 

 tion than to be kept free from weeds in the seed-bed, and 

 when three or four inches high to be thinned out, and may 

 remain thus until the following spring, when they should 

 be transplanted, giving the same space as for the divi- 

 sions. A very small bed will supply the largest family 



Gathering. In. July the flowers are generally in per- 

 fection for gathering. The period for performing it, 

 however, must be governed by the flowers themselves, 



as the best time is when they are just opened. Particular 

 care must be taken to dry them thoroughly before they 

 are stored, otherwise they will become mouldy. If seed 

 be required, the only attention necessary is to leave 

 some of the first-opening flowers ungathered : the seed 

 will ripen early in September, when it may be dried and 

 rubbed out. 



CAMPA'NEA. (Named from campana, a bell; in 

 allusion to the form of the corolla. Nat. ord. Gesnerads, 

 or Gesneraceaa.) 

 C. grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). White and crimson. 



New Grenada. 1851. 

 Humbo'ldtii (Humboldt's). 3. Green, purple. Costa 



Rica. 1853. 



Oerste'dii (Oersted's). 2. Green, purple. Costa Rica. 

 1852. 



CAMPANULA. Bell-Flower. (The diminutive of 

 campana, a bell; literally, a little bell. Nat. ord. 

 Bellworts [Campanulaceas]. Linn. s-Pentandria, i-Mono- 

 gynia.) 



The annuals are chiefly pretty, low-growing plants, the 

 seed of which may be sown in the common border, at 

 the end of March. The biennials may be sown in April 

 or May ; many of them will bloom the same year. By 

 cuttings, a perennial habit will be given to many of them. 

 Perennials, chiefly by division of the plant and roots. 

 Those from the South of Europe require the protection 

 of a greenhouse, or cold pit, hi winter. Even the well- 

 known beautiful window-plant, C. pyramidaflis, makes 

 a poor show hi the open air in most places. Common 

 soil for most of them ; a little peat and dung for those 

 in pots. 



Campanulas may be divided into three sections those 

 suitable for the herbaceous border, for the rock-garden, 

 and those for the greenhouse. For the latter purpose 

 C. isophylla and the white variety (alba) have become 

 general favourites; there are also several improved 

 varieties nearly allied, hispida (or Mayii) being among 

 the best. Grown in suspended pots or baskets they are 

 very effective in the conservatory, and also succeed well 

 as window-plants. They are easily propagated from 

 cuttings ; but to make an effective show the first season, 

 three or four should be grown together in each pot and 

 more for larger baskets ; pot in good loam with a liberal 

 addition of manure, grow on in a cold frame, and transfer 

 to the greenhouse early in the autumn They are 

 equally effective as erect pot plants ; for this purpose 

 they should be tied up early, or before the shoots begin 

 to fall over. 



C. pyramidalis makes a grand plant for the conserva- 

 tory ; two-year-old plants will grow from 3 to 5 feet, 

 making grand pyramids of bloom. The white and the 

 blue varieties are equally effective, and flower early in 

 the autumn. 



Campanula Medium is a biennial of which there 

 are several distinct varieties in various shades of 

 colours, from white, pink, to deep purple ; there are 

 single and double varieties, also those known as C. M. 

 calycanthema, or cup-and-saucer. This section is better 

 known in gardens as " Canterbury Bells " ; sown in the 

 spring they make fine plants for flowering the following 

 season. It is the dwarf varieties which should be 

 selected for pots, and with the protection of a frame 

 during the winter they come into flower early. They 

 are quite hardy, and are among the most showy plants 

 for the flower garden. Other varieties may also be 

 grown as pot plants, the improved varieties of C. persici- 

 folia being specially adapted for the purpose. They 

 must, however, be grown under cool treatment, but may 

 be taken in the greenhouse for flowering. The herbaceous 

 species are numerous and varied in habit. The dwarf 

 spreading sorts are suitable for the rock-garden, and the 

 taller sorts are among our most showy border-plants. 

 All succeed well in ordinary garden soil ; if enriched 

 with manure they make more vigorous growth. All the 

 herbaceous sorts may be propagated from cuttings or 

 divisions, or many may be raised from seeds, which if 

 sown early in the spring will make good plants for 

 flowering the following year. 



HARDY ANNUALS. 

 C. broussonetia'na (Broussonet's). See C. L<BFLINGII. 

 dicho'toma (iorked-branched). i. Blue. July. Sicily. 

 1820. 



