CAPRIFOLIUM 



166 



CARAGANA 



C. sepia'ria (hedge). 4. White. E. Ind. 1823. 

 spino'sa (common-spiny). 3. White. June. South 



of Europe. 1596. Half-hardy, deciduous. 

 tenuisi'liqua (slender-podded). 6. White. Caraccas. 



1823. 



,, torulo'sa (twisted-podded). See C. JAMAICENSIS. 

 ,, triflo'ra (three-flowered). See C. FRONDOSA. 

 trifolia'ta (three-leafleted). See CRAT.EVA TAPIOIDES. 

 undnla'ta (waved). See C. LODDIGESII. 

 ,, uncina'ta (hooked). See C. JAMAICENSIS. 

 verruco'sa (warty-podded). 8. White. Carthagena. 



1820. 

 zeyla'nica (Ceylon). 6. White. Ceylon. 1819. 



CAPRIFO'LIUM. Honeysuckle. (From caper, a goat, 

 and folium, a leaf ; poetically, goat-leaf, for its climbing 

 habit. Nat. ord. Caprifoils [Caprifoliaceae]. Linn. 

 5-Pentandria, i-Monogynia. All now united to Lonicera.) 



All deciduous and twiners, except where otherwise 

 specified. Cuttings of ripened shoots taken off in autumn, 

 and inserted in a shady border ; tender and scarcer kinds 

 should have the assistance of a hand-light, as the wood 

 is generally pithy. The most successful mode of pro- 

 pagating out of doors is by layers in autumn, after the 

 leaves have commenced falling. Common soil. 



HARDY. 



C. dioi'cum (dioacious). See L. DIOICA. 

 ,, Dougla'sii (Douglas's). See L. HIRSUTA. 

 ,, etru'scum (Etruscan). See L. ETRUSCA. 

 ,, fta'vum (yellow). See L. FLAVA. 

 ,, gra'tum (pleasant). See L. GRATA. 

 ,, hirsu'tum (hairy-leaved). See L. HIRSUTA. 

 ,, hispi'dulum (rather bristly). See L. HISPIDULA. 

 horte'nse (garden). See L. CAPRIFOLIUM. 

 ita'licum (Italian). See L. CAPRIFOLIUM. 

 ,, ru'brum (red). See L. CAPRIFOLIUM RUBRA. 

 longifto'rum (long-flowered). See L. LONGIFLORA. 

 occidenta'le (western). See L. CILIOSA. 

 ,, parviflo'rum (small-flowered). See L. DIOICA. 

 Pericly'menum (woodbine). See L. PERICLYMENUM 



and its varieties, belgica, quercifolia, serotina, and 



variegata. 



pube'scens (downy). See L. HIRSUTA. 

 sempervi'rens (evergreen). See L. SEMPERVIRENS and 



its varieties, Brownii, major, and minor. 

 tubulo'sum (cylindrical). Mexico. 1846. 



HALF-HARDY. 



C. chine'nse (China). See L. JAPONICA. 



cilio'sum (hair-fringed). See L. CILIOSA. 



,, imple'xum (interwoven). See L. IMPLEXA. 

 ,, balea'ricum (Balearic). See L. IMPLEXA BALEARICA. 



,, japo'nicum (Japanese). See L. MACRANTHA. 



,, nepale'nse (Nepaul). See L. MACRANTHA. 



,, sple'ndidum (splendid). See L. SPLENDIDA. 



CA'PSICUM. Chili Pepper. (From kapto, to bite ; 

 referring to its pungency. Nat. ord. Nightshades [Solan- 

 aceae]. Linn. ^-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Cayenne pepper is the ground fruits of Capsicum. 

 Seeds sown in a hotbed, in March, and, after being picked 

 off finally, potted, to be grown in a house, such as a 

 vinery, or transplanted against a wall, or any sheltered 

 place out of doors. 



ANNUALS. 



C. angulo' sum (angular- fruited), i. White. June. India. 

 a'nnuum (annual), i. White. June. India. 1548 



" Red Pepper." " Chilies." 

 cerasifto' rum (Cherry-flowered). 2. White. June. 



1823. 

 cerasifo'rme (Cherry-formed), i. Red, yellow June 



W. Ind. 1739. 



co'nicum (conical). 2. White. June. Guiana. 1820. 

 cordifo'rme (heart-shaped), i. White. June. India. 

 lo'ngum (long-fruited), i. White. June. India 



1548. 



,, tetrago'num (four-angled), i. White. June. India. 

 ,, ustula'tum (scorched). -2. White. June. Chili. 



STOVE EVERGREEN SHRUBS. 



C. bacca'tum (berried). 2. White. June. 1731. 

 bi 'color (two-coloured). See C. MINIMUM. 



C. carule' scens (bluish). Purple. June. S. Amer. 1827. 



cere'olum (waxy). See C. MINIMUM. 



,, chine'nse (Chinese). 2. White. July. China. 1807. 



,, conoi'des (cone-like). See C. MINIMUM. 



,, du'lce (sweet), ij. Whitish. July. Biennial. 



,, frute'scens (shrubby). See C. MINIMUM. 



tortulo'swn (rather- twisted). See C. MINIMUM 



TORTULOSUM. 



globi'ferum (globe-bearing). 2. White. June. 



Guiana. 1824. 

 gro'ssum (large), i. White. July. India. 1752. 



Biennial. 



bi'fidum( two-cleft). White. May. E. Ind. 1758. 

 globo'sum (globe-fruited), i. White. July. E. 



Ind. 

 havane'nse (Havanah). White. May. Havanah. 



1826. 

 ,, lu'teum (yellow-fruited), i. White. July. E. Ind. 



1820. 

 micra'nthum (small-flowered). 3. White. May. 



Brazil. 1820. 



,, microca'rpum (small-fruited). 2. White. May. 

 Mille'rii (Miller's), i. White. June. W. Ind. 1824. 



Annual. 

 minimum (smallest). White. May. E. Ind. 1728. 



" Cayenne Pepper." " Bird Pepper." 

 tortulo'swn (slightly twisted). 2. White. E. Ind. 



1820. 



ova'tum (egg-fruited). 3. White. July. 1824. 

 ,, pe'ndulum (pendulous). 2. White. May. 1750. 

 ,, pyramida'le (pyramidal). 2. White. May. Egypt. 



1750. 



,, sine'nse (Chinese). See C. CHINENSE. 

 sphce'ricum (globular- fruited). 2. White. May. 1807. 

 tomatifo'rme (tomato-shaped). See C. DULCE. 



CAPSICUM. For pickling purposes the following are 

 the species and varieties usually employed : 



Ca'psicum annuum (red pepper), the long-podded, 

 short-podded, and oval short- podded. C. cerasifo'rme 

 (cherry pepper), cherry-shaped red and yellow-podded. 

 C. gro'ssum (bell pepper). 



Soil and Situation. They do best in a light, rich loam, 

 and against a fence or wall. Hence they are often 

 grown within an enclosure devoted to hotbed-forcing. 



Time and . Mode of Sowing. Sow towards the end of 

 March or beginning of April. Sow in pots or pans, and 

 place in a hotbed, with the shelter of a frame ; give only 

 a slight covering, and one good watering will be all that 

 is required until the seeds germinate. Prick off as soon 

 as the seedlings are large enough to handle, and pot 

 singly as soon as well established, later they may be grown 

 in the open, but are more satisfactory under glass. 



To obtain Seed. A plant bearing some of the forwardest 

 and finest fruits of each variety must be preserved, that 

 it may be ripe before the frost commences, the first of 

 which generally kills the plants. When completely ripe, 

 cut the pods, and hang up in the sun, or in a warm room, 

 until completely dry, when the seeds may be cleaned 

 out of the pods, care being taken not to get any of the 

 pulp or pods on the hand, or a great irritation will be set 

 up. The seed should be kept in a tin box until required 

 for sowing. 



CARAGA'NA. Siberian Pea-tree. (From Caragan, 

 the name of C. arbore'scens among the Mogul Tartars. 

 Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae]. Linn. 

 ij-Diadelpliia, \-Decandria. Allied to Colutea.) 



These handsome shrubs inhabit the whole of north- 

 eastern Asia, from Pekin in China, westward, to the banks 

 of the Volga. They are increased principally in the 

 nurseries, by grafting on C. arbore'scens, which is a 

 deciduous tree ; but all the others are deciduous shrubs. 

 The larger-growing species are best propagated by seeds 

 sown in spring, or by cuttings of the roots. Shrubby, 

 low plants by seed and layers ; and the rarer, Chinese, 

 Siberian, and drooping kinds by grafting in spring ; 

 sandy loam. 

 C. Altaga'na (Altagana). See C. MICROPHYLLA. 



,, arbore'scens (tree-like). 15. Yellow. May. Siberia. 

 1752. 



ine'rmis (unarmed). 10. Yellow. May. Siberia. 

 1820. 



,, ,, Lorbe'rgi (Lorberg's). Flowers smaller. 1906. 



na'na (dwarf). 



