CARLINA 



170 



CARNATIONS 



C. Cara'ndas (Carandas). 15. White. July. E. Ind. 

 1790. 



edu'lis (edible). White. Egypt. 



fe'rox (spiny, literally fierce). White. S. Africa. 



grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). White. Natal. 1862. 

 " Amatungula." 



lanceola'ta (spear-teawd). 6. White. July. N. Hol- 

 land. 1822. 



ova' fa (egg-leaved). 15. White. August. N.Holland. 

 1819. 



spina'rum (spiny). 20. White. July. E. Ind. 

 1819. 



Xylopi'cron (bitter- wooded). 12. White. July. 

 Mauritius. 1820. 



CARLI'NA. (Named after Charlemagne. Nat. ord. 

 Composites [Composite]. Linn. ig-Syngenesia, i- 

 jEqualis.) 



Hardy herbaceous perennials, except where otherwise 

 specified. Seeds of annuals in April ; seeds and divisions 

 of perennials. The Cape species requires protection. 

 Common soil. 

 C. acanthifo'lia (acanthus-leaved). 2. White. June. 



Carniola. 1818. 



acau'lis (stemless). f. White. June. Italy. 1640. 

 caule'scens (short-stemmed), i. White. June. 



Switzerland. 1819. 



aggrega'ta (clustered). See C. ACAULIS. 

 ,, biebersteinia'na (Bieberstein's). 2. Purple. August. 



Caucasus. 1816. 

 ,, corymbo'sa (corymbose). 3. Yellow. July. South 



of Europe. 1640. 

 lana'ta (woolly). 3. Purple. June. South of 



Europe. 1683. Hardy annual. 

 lyra'ta (\yre-shaped-leaved). i. June. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1816. Greenhouse biennial. 

 racemo'sa (rzcemed-flowered) . 3. Yellow. July. 



Spain. 1658. Hardy biennial. 

 si'cula (Sicilian), i. July. Sicily. 1827. Hardy 



biennial. 



si'mplex (unbranched). See C. ACAULIS. 

 vulga'ris (common), i. Yellow. August. Britain. 



CARLUDO'VICA. (Named after Charles IV., of 

 Spain, and Louisa, his queen. Nat. ord. Cyclanthaceae. 

 Linn. 2i-Moncecia, g-Polyandria.) 



The leaves of all the Screw-Pines are set spirally round 

 the stem, which gives it a cork-screw appearance ; hence 

 the name of this order. Stove perennials ; suckers ; 

 sandy loam. Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 

 to 55. 



C. acau'lis (stemless). See CAPUT-MEDUS/E. 

 angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). See CYCLANTHUS 



PLUMIERII. 



atrovi'rens (dark green). Colombia. 

 Ca'put-Medu'sa (Medusa's head). White, thready. 



Leaves 5 to 7 ft. long. 1887. 



Dru'dei (Drude's). 4. Cream. Colombia. 1877. 

 eflegans (elegant). Leaves fan-shaped, 3 ft. across. 



1889. 

 ensifo'rmis (sword-shaped). 2. White. Costa Rica. 



1875. 

 funi'fera (rope-bearing). 4. White. Guiana. 1824. 



Evergreen climber. 

 Gardne'ri (Gardner's). Brazil. 

 Gcebe'lii (Gcebel's). Similar to but much taller than 



C. latifolia. 1903. 

 hu'milis (dwarf). Peru. 1869. 

 jamaice'nsis (Jamaica). 4. White. Jamaica. 1825. 



Evergreen climber. 

 lanccefo'lia (lance-leaved). Pale yellow. Guiana. 



1862. 

 latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 3. Green. July. Peru. 



1818. 



lauchea'na (Lauchean). Antioquia, Colombia. 1893. 

 microce'phala (small-headed), i. Pale yellow, with 



long, white threads. Costa Rica. 

 moritzia'na (Moritzian). Colombia. 

 pahna'ta (palmate). 3. White. July. S. Amer. 



1818. 



palmifo'lia (Palm-leaved). See C. PLUMERII. 

 plica'ta (plaited). Colombia. 

 PlumSrii (Plumer's). W. Ind. 1889. 

 purpura'ta (purple). 2 to 4. Leaf-stalks reddish- 

 purple. Trop. Amer. 



C. rotundifo'lia (round-leaved). Similar to C. palmata, 



but larger. Costa Rica. 

 Walli'sii (Wallis's). i. Cream. Colombia. 1879. 



CARMICHAE'LIA. (Named after Capt. H. Car- 

 michael, author of the Flora of Tristan da Acunha. Nat. 

 ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminpsaa], Linn. iJ-Dia- 

 delphia, 4-Decandria. Allied to Indigofera.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs ; cuttings of side-shoots 

 under glass, in sand, in April or May ; sandy peat, and 

 a very little fibrous loam. Summer temp., 55 to 65 ; 

 winter, 40 to 45. 



C. austra'lis (southern). 2. Light blue. June. New 



Zealand. 1800. 



Eny'sii (Enys's). jw. New Zealand. 1884. 

 flagellifo'rmis (whip- formed). New Zealand. 

 ,, grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). New Zealand. 

 Ki'rki (Kirk's). New Zealand. 

 muelleria'na (Muellerian). White, lined purple. New 



Zealand. 1887. 



odora'ta (sweet-scented) . White. New Zealand. 1902. 

 ,, uniflo'ra (one-flowered), -fa. New Zealand. 1884. 



CARNATIONS. (Dianthus Caryophyllus.) The Car- 

 nations may be divided into several groups, but with so 

 much cross fertilisation it becomes a little difficult to 

 draw distinctions, yet we may take some of the most 

 distinct as examples. In the older editions of the 

 Gardeners' Dictionary most attention is given to what 

 are known as Border varieties, but we now have American 

 varieties, our English Tree varieties, Malmaisons, 

 Marguerite varieties, and other sub-divisions, such as 

 Picotees, &c. 



Taking the various types we may first refer to the Eng- 

 lish border sorts, of which the old English clove is a good 

 type, but there are many others of various colours. The 

 chief characteristic of the type is that they flower from 

 the previous year's growth, and it is rarely that the 

 side-shoots throw up flower spikes until the following 

 year. Dealing with these separately, the best method 

 of propagating is by layering. This should be done any 

 time from the middle of July to the end of August, or 

 when the side-shoots are long enough to handle properly. 

 All the lower leaves should be cleared off, and a cut 

 made from the underside of the shoot, being careful to 

 make the incision through a joint. Some old potting 

 soil, or light, sandy loam should be put round the plants, 

 the layers pegged down into it. The cut should be 

 opened, so that the soil gets into the wound. If the 

 weather is dry, surface watering may be necessary, but 

 it should not be given too liberally. In years gone by a 

 good many were grown and layered in pots, and for Show 

 purposes they were distinguished as Selfs, Shows, Flakes, 

 Bazarres, and Picotees, the last are the most distinct, 

 and are often catalogued as Picotees, without adding 

 Carnations. We have often been asked to give the dis- 

 tinction. The true Picotees have a narrow regular edge 

 to the petals. The ground colour may be white or 

 yellow, and the edging pink, red, purple, or other shades, 

 but the colour must not run down in stripes. Those 

 with irregular markings are termed Fancies ; those with 

 broad stripes are termed Flaked varieties, and the Ba- 

 zarres are those with two broad distinct colours running 

 down the petals. All of the above are of similar habit of 

 growth, and should be propagated by layering, yet in a 

 few instances, where the growths are numerous, cuttings 

 may be taken, which will root in a cold, closed frame in 

 the autumn. All layers or cuttings should be potted 

 singly as soon as rooted, and kept in a closed frame 

 during the winter, the lights being taken off in mild 

 weather, and those intended for planting out may be 

 put into the ground as soon as the weather permits 

 after the middle of February. See that the ground is 

 free from wire- worms ; give a good dressing of well- 

 rotted manure with which may be incorporated some 

 soot, and press the soil fairly firm, but do not plant 

 while the ground is very wet. Much depends upon the 

 condition of the soil when planting, and care should be 

 taken that the plants should not dry in the pots at the 

 time of putting them in. The same instructions should 

 be observed for those grown in pots, care being taken 

 that the soil is not cold when potting in the winter time. 



Malmaisons. These are a distinct race, of which the 

 original Souvenir de la Malmaison was the first type. 

 This was introduced somewhere about fifty years ago ; 



