CARYOTA 



174 



CASSIA 



CARYO'TA. (From karyon, a nut. The Greeks first 

 applied this name to their cultivated Date. Nat. ord. 

 Palms [Palmaceae]. Linn. 2i-Moncecia, g-Polyandria.) 



A noble member of a noble family of plants, most 

 valuable to the natives of the countries they inhabit, 

 C. u'rens furnishing a highly nutritious sago, besides 

 abundance of palm-wine, or toddy. Stove trees. Seeds ; 

 rich, sandy loam and peat. Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; 

 winter, 50 to 55. 

 C. Albe'rti (Albert's). See C. RUMPHIANA. 



Blanco' i (Blancoi). Philippines. 



Cumi'ngii (Cuming's). 25. Philippines. 1841. 



e'legans (elegant). 



,, furfura'cea (scurfy). See C. MITIS. 



limba'ta (large-leaved). Java. 



ho'rrida (horrid). See BACTRIS CARYOT/EFOLIA. 



majefstica (majestic). Philippines. 



ma'xima (largest). Java. 1849. 



mi'tis (mild). White. Cochin-China. 1820. 



obtu'sa (blunt). Himalayas. 



,, ochla'ndra. China. 



plumo'sa (feathery). 



propi'nqua (related). See C. MITIS. 



purpura'cea (purplish). See C. FURFURACEA. 



rumphia'na (Rumphian). Malaya and Australia. 



soboli'fera (sucker-bearing). See C. MITIS. 



specio'sa (showy). Philippines. 1881. 



u'rens (stinging). 20. White. E. Ind. 1788. 



CASCADE, or WATERFALL, is agreeable only when 

 properly associated with the scenery around. That 

 association is a bold, broken ground, and a dense planta- 

 tion of trees. Nothing is more misplaced or tasteless 

 than a sheet of water falling into another uniform col- 

 lection of water, in an open, unwooded plain. The roar 

 of a cascade belongs only to larger streams ; but it may 

 be introduced by a rivulet to a considerable degree, and 

 attempts to do more have generally been unsuccessful : 

 a vain ambition to imitate nature in her great extrava- 

 gances betrays the weakness of art. Though a noble 

 river throwing itself headlong down a precipice be an 

 object truly magnificent, it must be confessed that in a 

 single sheet of water there is a formality which its vast- 

 ness alone can cure ; but the height, not the breadth, is 

 the wonder. When it falls no more than a few feet the 

 regularity prevails ; and its effect only serves to expose 

 the vanity of affecting the style of a cataract in an 

 artificial cascade. It is less exceptionable if divided into 

 several parts, for then each separate part may be wide 

 enough for its depth ; and, in the whole, variety, and 

 not greatness, will be the predominant character. But 

 a structure of rough, large, detached stones cannot 

 easily be contrived of strength sufficient to support a 

 great weight of water. It is sometimes, from necessity, 

 almost smooth and uniform ; and then it loses much of 

 its effect. Several little falls in succession are preferable 

 to one greater cascade, which, in figure or in motion, 

 approaches to regularity. 



When greatness is thus reduced to number, and length 

 becomes of more importance than breadth, a rivulet vies 

 with a river ; and it more frequently runs in a continued 

 declivity, which is very favourable to such a succession 

 of falls. Half the expense and labour which are some- 

 times bestowed on a river to give it, at the best, a forced 

 precipitancy in any one spot only, would animate a 

 rivulet through the whole of its course ; and, after all, 

 the most interesting circumstance in falling waters is 

 their animation. A great cascade fills us with surprise ; 

 but all surprise must cease ; and the motion, the agita- 

 tion, the rage, the froth, and the variety of the water 

 are finally the objects which engage the attention. For 

 these a rivulet is sufficient ; and they may there be 

 produced without that appearance of effort which raises 

 a suspicion of art. To obviate such a suspicion, it may 

 sometimes be expedient to begin the descent out of 

 sight ; for the beginning is the difficulty. If that be 

 concealed, the subsequent falls seem but a consequence 

 of the agitation which characterises the water at its 

 first appearance ; and the imagination is, at the same 

 time, let loose to give ideal extent to the cascades. 

 CASCARI'LLA BARK. Cro'ton Elutefria. 

 CASEA'RIA. (Named after /. Casearius, the co- 

 adjutor of Rheede in producing the Hortus Malabaricus. 

 Nat. ord. Samyds [Samydaceae]. Linn. lo-Decandria, 

 I'Monogynia.) 



Stove evergreen trees, chiefly valued for their astringent 

 and medicinal qualities. Cuttings in sand, under a glass, 

 in heat. Light, sandy, fibrous loam. Summer temp., 

 60 to 80 ; winter, 50" to 60. 



C. hirsu'ta (hairy). 8. Yellow, green. Jamaica. 1825. 

 ,, parviflo'ra (small-flowered). See C. SYLVESTRIS. 

 ,, parvifo'lia (small- leaved). 6. Yellowish-green. 



Martinique. 1827. 

 ,, ramiflo'ra (branch-flowered). 4. Yellowish-green. 



Guiana. 1824. 

 ,, serrula'ta (fine-saw-edged). 6. Whitish-green. 



Jamaica. 1818. 

 sylve'stris (wood). 8. Whitish-green. Jamaica. 



1818. 

 C A' SHEW NUT. Anaca'rdium occidenia'le. 



CASIMIRO'A. Mexican Apple. (Named after Car- 

 dinal Casimiro Gomez. Nat. ord. Rutaceae.) 



An evergreen stove shrub with an edible fruit. Seeds 

 and cuttings of half-ripe wood in sand, plunged in cocoa- 

 nut fibre in a close case with bottom-heat. Fibrous 

 loam, peat, and sand. 



C. edu'lis (edible). Flowers small, green. Fruit like an 

 Apple. Mexico. 1866. 



CASPA'REA SPECIO'SA. See BAUHINIA PETIOLATA. 



CASSA'NDRA. (A mythological name. Nat. ord. 

 Erica ceae.) 



Hardy shrubs for the American garden, and much 

 benefited by a liberal use of peat in the soil. 



C. angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). See C. CALYCULATA. 

 ,, calycula'ta (small-calyxed). i to 2. Pure white. 

 April. N. Amer. 1748. 



CASSA'VA. Ma'nihot utili'ssima and M. Ai'pi. 



CASSEBEE'RA. (Nat. ord. Ferns [Filices]. Linn. 

 24-Cryptogamia, i-Filices. Allied to Pellasa.) 



Divisions ; peat and loam ; hardy greenhouse and 

 stove treatment, according to their native locality. 



C. arge'ntea (silvery). J. Brown. July Siberia. 1816. 



Hardy. 



auricula'ta (eared). Brown. July. Stove. 

 cunea'ta (wedge-shaped-leaved). Brown. July. 1831. 



Stove. 

 ,, farino'sa (mealy), ij. Brown. May. Isle of Luzon. 



1840. Stove. 

 ,, hasta'ta (halbeit-leaved) . 2. Brown. August. Cape 



of Good Hope. 1823. Greenhouse. 

 intramargina'lis (bordered-beneath). Brown. Sep- 

 tember. Mexico. 1828. Greenhouse. 

 ,, peda'ta (twice-lobed). . Brown. Virginia. 1820. 



Hardy. 



,, pinna'ta (leafleted). Brown. June. Stove. 

 ,, pteroi'des (fern-like). Brown. July. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1775. Greenhouse. 



trip hy 'tta( three-leaved). Brown. July. 1824. Stove. 

 Vespertilio'nis (bat-winged). 3. Brown. August. 



N. Holland. 1823. Greenhouse. 



CA'SSIA. (From the Greek name of a plant, kasian 

 of the Bible. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae] . 

 Linn. lo-Decandria, i-Monogynia.) 



C. lanceola'ta produces the true Alexandrian senna- 

 leaves ; and C. angustifolia yields the Arabian senna. 

 The plant is a native of Tropical Africa, and from it is 

 obtained the senna of Mecca. C. obova'ta furnishes the 

 Aleppo senna ; and in America they use the leaves of 

 C. marila'ndica as a purgative. Allied to Cassalpinia. 

 Annuals and biennials by seed, sown in March or April, 

 in heat ; the biennials by cuttings, in April, of half- 

 ripened shoots, in heat. A few will thrive in the green- 

 house ; but most of them require stove treatment in 

 winter ; that is, a temperature of from 50 to 60 ; and 

 where there is much room they deserve it. 



ANNUALS. 



C. A'bsus (Absus). Yellow. June. Tropics. 1824. 



Stove. 

 ,, acutifo'lia (acute-leaved). 3. Yellow. June. Egypt. 



Stove. " Nubian Senna." 



(zschyno'mene (asschynome). See C. MIMOSOIDES. 

 angusti'ssima (narrowest-leaved). See C. MIMOSOIDES. 

 a'spera (rough). See C. NICTITANS. 



