CASTANOPSIS 



177 



CATALPA 



No other culture is necessary ; but a warm situation a 

 of much importance. 



Fruit-seeds, ho& to Keep. It is almost needless to 

 observe that chestnuts are generally eaten roasted, 

 mostly with a little salt. They are also stewed in cream, 

 and eaten with salt fish. In keeping them dryness is 

 necessary ; but it must be accompanied with as low a 

 temperature as possible. They should be taken out of 

 their exterior or rough coating as soon as ripe ; and it 

 is well to subject them to an artificial heat of about 

 sixty to seventy degrees in a warm room for a couple 

 of days afterwards. They may then be packed away in 

 dry sand, or dust, and placed in a very cold but dry 

 room or cellar, where they will keep for months. They 

 are very excitable as to sprouting ; a very little moisture, 

 with warmth, will bring on germination. 



CASTANOPSIS. (From Castanea, a chestnut, and 

 opsis, resemblance. Nat. ord. Cupuliferae.) 



C. chrysophylla is a dwarf evergreen bush, hardy in 

 the south, propagated by seed or cuttings in ordinary 

 soil. C. indica may be increased by cuttings in a close 

 case or by imported seeds. 



C. chrysophy'Ua (golden-leaved). 3. N.W. Amer. 1848. 

 i'ndica (Indian). 40. Himalayas. 1837. Stove 

 evergreen. 



CASTANOSPETRMUM. Moreton Bay Chestnut. (From 

 Costarica, the chestnut, and sperma, a seed. Nat. ord. 

 Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae], Linn. lo-Decandria, 

 I'Monogynia. Allied to Sophora.) 



Greenhouse evergreen ; seeds when procurable ; layers 

 and cuttings ; deep, loamy soil ; greenhouse or conserva- 

 tory wall. 



C. austra'le (southern). 40. Saffron. N.Holland. 1828. 



CASTE'LA. (After an author named Castel. Nat. 

 ord. Simarubaceae. Linn. 8-Octandria, i-Monogynia. 

 Allied to Elvasia.) 



The Goatbust, C. Nicholso'ni, is as bitter as Quassia. 

 Stove evergreen shrubs. Cuttings of rather firm shoots 

 in sand, under a bell-glass, and in bottom-heat ; peat 

 and loam. Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; winter, 50 

 to 55. 

 C. ere'cta (upright). 4. W. Ind. 1821. 



f Ntcholso'ni (Nicholson's). 4. Copper. Antigua. 

 1830. 



CASTTLLE'JA. (Named after a Spanish botanist of 

 that name. Nat. ord. Figworts [Scrophulariaceae], 

 Linn. i^-Didynamia, z-Angiospermia. Allied to Eu- 

 phrasia.) 



The stove species by cuttings of half-ripe shoots in 

 sand, in bottom-heat, under a glass ; loam and peat. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 55. Hardy 

 species, seeds and divisions of the roots ; peaty, sandy 

 soil. 



C. cocci'nea (scarlet), i. Scarlet. July. N.Amer. 1826. 

 indivi'sa (undivided), x. Greenish-yellow. Texas. 



1878. 

 inte'gra (undivided). Bracts orange-scarlet. New 



Mexico. 1901. 

 integrifo'lia (entire-leaved), x. Trop. Amer. 1825. 



Stove evergreen. 

 lithospermoi'des (gromwell-like). Scarlet. August. 



Mexico. 1848. Greenhouse. 

 minia'ta (vermilion). x. Yellow, scarlet. N.W. 



Amer. 1874. 

 morane'nsis (Moran). Mexico. 1825. Prostrate stove 



evergreen. 

 pa'llida (pale), i. Light purple. July. Siberia. 



1782. Hardy herbaceous perennial. 

 seplentriona'lis (northern). 2. White, green. August. 



Labrador. 1824. Hardy annual. 

 serra'ta (saw-edged), i. Blue. June. 1829. Stove 



evergreen. 

 sessiliflo'ra (stalkless-flowered). *. Pale green. 



N.W. Amer. 



CASUABI'NA. Beefwood. (Supposed to be derived 

 from the resemblance of the long, weeping, leafless 

 branches to the drooping feathers of the Cassowary. 

 Nat. ord. Beefwoods [Casuarinaceae]. Linn. ai-Monacia, 

 l-Monandria.) 



This is the " Native Oak, or Beefwood " of the 



Australian colonists, and probably the most singularly 

 picturesque tree of the Australian flora. Large trees, 

 with weeping branches, the individual branches being 

 jointed like a bamboo, and streaked between the joints, 

 having no leaves. The timber is as good as our Oak, and 

 of the colour of raw beef, whence the colonial name. 

 Cattle are extremely fond of the young branches of the 

 She Oak (C. quadriva'lvis), and the colonists chew them 

 to allay their thirst. From what we know in this country 

 of C. equisetifo'lia we would rank the Beefwoods as the 

 most remarkable in a winter conservatory. Greenhouse 

 evergreen trees. Seeds, and cuttings of half-ripened 

 shoots, in April, in sand, under glass ; loam and peat, 

 with a portion of sand, and lumps of charcoal. Summer 

 temp., 55 to 70, winter 40 to 45. They should be 

 tried in sheltered places out of doors, especially in the 

 south of England. 



C. cunningkamia'na (Cunninghamian). Australia. 

 di'styla (two-styled). 15. N. Holland. 1812. 

 equisetifo'lia (equisetum- leaved). 15. September. 



South Sea Islands. 1776. 

 fraseria'na (Fraserian). Australia. 

 glau'ca (milky-green). 15. N. Holland. 1824. 

 ,, murica'ta (point-covered). See C. EQUISETIFOLIA. 

 nodiflo'ra (knot-flowered). 15. New Caledonia. 



1823. 



quadriva'lvis (four-valved). See C. STRICTA. 

 stri'cta (upright). 15. May. N.S. Wales. 1775. 

 subero'sa. (corky). Australia. 

 sumatra'na (Sumatra). 4 to 5. Sumatra. 1882. 

 tenui'ssima (slenderest). See C. TORULOSA. 

 torulo'sa (twisted). 15. N. S. Wales. 1772. 



CATAKIDOZA MIA. See MACROZAMIA. 

 CATALPA. (The Indian name. Nat. ord. Bignoniadi 

 [Bignoniaceae]. Linn. 2-Diandria, i-Monogynia.) 



The North American species by seeds sown in spring, 

 root-cuttings, layers in autumn, and cuttings of the 

 ripened shoots in autumn ; deep, rich loam. The West 

 Indian species by cuttings of the ripe shoots hi heat, and 

 under a glass ; usual stove-treatment. 

 C. bignonioi' des (Bignonia-like). 25 to 30. White, 

 spotted red. N. Amer. 1798. Varieties of this 

 are Au'rea (golden-leaved), fo'liis arge'nteis varie- 

 ga'tis (silver variegated), grandiflo'ra (large- 

 flowered), K&hnei (leaves yellow edged), na'na 

 (dwarf), and purpu'rea (purple-leaved). 



Bu'ngei (Bunge's). Green, yellow, red. China. 



heterophy'lla (variable- leaved). See C. HETERO- 

 PHYLLA. 



cassinoi'des (Cassine-like). Leaves intermediate be- 

 tween C. cordfolia and C. Bungei. Brazil. 1890. 



cordifo'lia (heart-shaped-leaved). Western Kentucky 

 and Tennessee. 1881. 



a'lbo-variega'ta (white-variegated). Leaves with 

 white blotches. 1910. 



pulverule'nta (powdered). Leaves speckled with 

 white. 1910. 



cordifo'liax.Kampfe'ri. Garden hybrid. 



Duclou'xii (Ducloux's). Rose. 1907. 



Farge'si (Farges's). China. 



gallea'na (Gallean). Hybrid between C. Kcempferi 

 and possibly C. cordifolia. 1907. 



He'nryi (Henry's). Flowers numerous, small. China, 

 and Japan. 1907. 



heterophy'lla (various-leaved). Flowers 3 to 5. N. 

 China. 1907. 



hy'brida (hybrid). Hybrid between C. Kampferi and 

 C. bignonioides. 



japo'nica( Japanese). Flowers white, fragrant. Japan. 

 1907. 



Kampfe'ri (Kaempfer's). Flowers and leaves smaller 

 than C. bignonioides. Japan. 



flave'scens (yellowish). 



purpu'rea (purple-leaved). 



longi'ssima (longest-podded). 20. White. W. Ind. 

 1777. 



microphy'tta (small-leaved). 15. White. Hispaniola. 

 1820. 



Po'ttsii (Potts's). 6. Pink. Mexico. 1851. 



pu'mila (dwarf). Wien Gart. Zeit., 1890, 317. 



specio'sa (showy). See C. CORDIFOLIA. 



sutchuene'nsis (Sutchuen). White. W.China. 1907. 



syringafo'lia (Syringa-leaved). See C. BIGNOMIOIDES. 



