CAULIFLOWER 



CEANOTHUS 



should be made in the third week, or about the 24th of 

 August, to raise plants for winter protection, to form 

 the first principal and main crops of the following year. 

 Should the weather be very dry at the time of sowing, 

 the soil should be thoroughly well watered before the 

 seed is sown, and so continued to encourage the growth 

 of the seedlings. As soon as these are up and large enough 

 to handle, beds should be formed in an open situation, 

 well broken up, made rich, lined out neatly, and, it the 

 weather is dry, well watered before planting, as well as 

 afterwards. The best time for pricking out young 

 plants of any kind, in dry weather, is late in the after- 

 noon or in the evening. By this attention, strong, 

 healthy plants will be ready for either finally planting 

 out under hand-glasses, about the middle of October, or 

 for protection in frames, or at the foot of walls. These 

 protected plants are to form a second crop to those which 

 were planted out under the hand-glasses, and may be 

 finally planted out towards the end of February, if the 

 weather is favourable, two feet and a half asunder each 

 way ; and should severe weather set in again, flower- 

 pots just large enough to cover the plant may be turned 

 over each, but taken off in all favourable weather. Care 

 should always be taken to lift up the plants out of the 

 nursery-beds, so as to insure uninjured roots. 



Should the weather be very severe in the winter, the 

 hand-glass crop must have a little protection more than 

 that of the hand-light itself. But particular attention 

 should be paid to airing at all times when the weather 

 will permit, by either taking the lights entirely off, or 

 tilting them. 



If, through some mismanagement or misfortune, the 

 winter stock should become short, a sowing towards the 

 end of January becomes of importance. A very little 

 seed must then be sown in a pan or box, placed in some 

 moderate-heated structure, or in a gentle hotbed made 

 up for the purpose ; and when the seedlings are up, 

 and large enough to handle, they should be pricked out 

 on other very gentle hotbeds, care being taken to keep 

 the plants up close to the glass, and inured to the open 

 air. Plants raised in this way will be nearly as forward 

 as those sown in August, and protected in cold frames 

 through the winter. 



The second Sowing should be at the end of February 

 or beginning of March, and then either in a cold frame, 

 or warm, open border ; or, if the weather be very un- 

 favourable, a sowing may be made on a very gentle 

 hotbed even at this time, attention to pricking-out, &c., 

 given as before directed. From this sowing a third 

 planting is made. 



The third Sowing should be made about the last week 

 in April, or first week in May, and the seedlings attended 

 to as before, as to pricking-out, &c. From this sowing 

 a fourth planting is made. 



Fitness for Use. When a cauliflower has arrived at 

 its full size, which is shown by the border opening as if 

 it was about to run, pull up the plant, as it never pro- 

 duces any useful sprouts ; and if hung up thus entire, 

 in a cool place, it may be preserved for several days. 

 The best time to cut a cauliflower is early of a morning, 

 before the dew is evaporated : if it is done during the 

 meridian or afternoon of a hot day, it loses much of its 

 firmness, and boils tough. 



To Preserve from Frost. As frost destroys the cauli- 

 flower, it is a practice in November, before it sets in, to 

 pull up the late-standing plants, and the leaves being 

 tied over the head, to hang each up in a coal-shed or 

 cellar, by which means they remain good for some time. 

 But a better mode is to bury them in sand, laying them 

 in alternate layers with the earth, in a dry situation. 

 By this means they may be preserved to the close of 

 J anuary ; or they may be put in a trench dug near a 

 wall, eighteen inches wide and deep, the plants being 

 laid with their roots uppermost, in an inclining position, 

 so that the roots of the second covered the top of the 

 one preceding. The earth to be laid over them thick, a 

 considerable slope given to it, and beaten smooth with 

 the spade, to throw off rain. 



Saving Seed. Some should be from the first planted 

 out of the hand-glass crop. The best with well-formed 

 heads should be selected for this purpose, and marked 

 for seed by placing a strong stake to each for the purpose 

 of tying up the flower-stems as they grow. Gather each 

 branch of seed as it ripens. 



Diseases and Insects. See CABBAGE and BROCCOLI. 



CAULOPHY LLUM. (From kaulos, a stem, and 

 phullon, a leaf ; in reference to the stems ending as if 

 it were in a leaf-stalk. Nat. ord. Berberids [Berberi- 

 daceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Hardy tuberous perennial ; division of the roots ; light, 

 sandy peat. 



C. thalictroi'des (Thalictrum-like). i. Yellow, green. 

 N. Amer. 1755. 



CAUTLE A. (Named after Mr. Cautley, an Indian 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Scitaminaceae. Sometimes spelt 

 Cautleya, but amended by Royle to Cautlea.) 



Herbaceous perennials requiring the moist atmosphere 

 of a stove, and otherwise to be treated like Alpinia or 

 Hedychium. 



C. lu'tea (yellow). Yellow. July. Himalaya. 1820. 

 spica'ta (spiked). Yellow. Himalaya. 1820. 



CAVENDI'SHIA. (Named in compliment to Henry 

 Cavendish, a noted chemist. Nat. ord. Vacciniacea?.) 



Evergreen shrubs of climbing habit, requiring stove 

 treatment. Cuttings of nearly ripe wood in sand, in 

 close case, with mild bottom-heat. Peat and sand. 

 C. acumina'ta (pointed). Scarlet, tipped yellow-green. 



Andes of Ecuador. 

 cordifo'lia (heart-shaped-leaved). Red, white. Colombia. 



1866. 

 specia'bilis (showy). White, pinkish. Colombia. 1889. 



CEANO'THUS. (From keanothus, a name applied by 

 Theophrastus to a plant now not known. Nat. ord. 

 Rhamnads [Rhamnaceae]. Linn. s-Pentandria, i-Mono- 

 gynia.) 



Cuttings in sand, under a glass, of firm side-shoots 

 answer best, either in April or August. The greenhouse 

 varieties do well against a south wall, but may require a 

 little protection in severe weather. Those from tropical 

 regions require the usual treatment of the stove, or a 

 warm conservatory. They are not particular as to soil ; 

 a little peat mixed with loam will be an advantage. 



Many pretty varieties have been added to this genus, 

 and they are very desirable for gardens in sheltered 

 positions. 



HARDY. 



C. america'nus (American). 2. White. July. N. 



Amer. 1713. 



,, herba'ceus (herbaceous). White. August. Caro- 

 lina. 1822. 



intertne'dius (intermediate). See C. AMERICANUS. 

 na'nus (dwarf). 

 opa'cus (opaque). 

 tardifto'rus (late-flowering). 3. White. September. 



1820. 

 ,, ,, variega'tus (variegated). Leaves edged yellow. 



1889. 



Arno'ldi (Arnold's). Garden hybrid. 1882. 

 ,, axilla'ris (axillary). Pale lilac-rose. 1875. 

 ,, azu'reus (azure). Deep blue. Mexico. 

 ftefre a'lbo (white-flowered). 10. White. April. 

 colli'nus (hill), i. Light. July. N. Amer. 1827. 



Evergreen. 



,, cuneatus (wedge-shaped). 4. California. 1848. 

 delilia'nus (Delilian). Origin uncertain. 

 denia'tus (toothed). 3. Blue. California. 1848. 

 ,, divarica'tus (straggling). 4. Blue. June. California. 



1848. 



e'legans (elegant). See C. THYRSIFLORA. 

 Fendle'ri (Fendler's). i to 2. Snow-white. N.W. 



America. 1893. 



fioribu'ndus (copious-flowering). Blue. June. Cali- 

 fornia. 



,, hirsu'tus (hairy). Coast Range of Central California. 

 intege'rrimus (quite entire). California. B. M., t. 



7640. 



,, intertne'dius (intermediate). See C. AMERICANOS. 

 lobbia'nus (Mr. Lobb's). See C. DENTATUS. 

 ,, macroca'rpus (large-fruited). California. 1824. 

 microphy'llus (small-leaved). 2. White. June. N. 



Amer. 1806. 



,, nepale'nsis (Nepaul). See RHAMNUS NEPALEXSIS. 

 orcga'nus (Oregon). See C. SANOUINEUS. 

 ova'lis (oval). See C. OVATUS. 

 ova'tus (egg-shaped-/<ratfcd). 3. White. July. N. 



Amer. 1818. 



