CELOSIA 



189 



CENTAUREA 



second method, the best for those with limited space, 

 the young plants are pricked out a few inches apart 

 into shallow pans, in light, rich earth, encouraged to 

 grow freely, and then checked suddenly by kevping them 

 cooler and withholding water, which will cause them 

 to show their combs in a few days. Though small, you 

 can easily observe those which are close and well shaped 

 from those which will be upright and straggling. Select 

 the best, pot them, and continue repotting, and encourage 

 with heat and manure-water ; and the strength of your 

 culture going chiefly into the combs, these will be large, 

 while your plants will be small. Where extremely dwarf 

 plants are wanted, cut off young plants a little below 

 the comb ; insert the part with the comb into a small 

 pot, in sandy soil, in strong heat, and a hand-glass over. 

 Soil, sandy loam and very rotten dung, but sweet. 

 Temperature when growing, 60 to 85 by day ; 60 at 

 night. 



CELO'SIA PYRAMIpA'LIS. There are many unproved 

 varieties of pyramidalis. It is the clear yellow and the 

 crimson that are most appreciated, the orange-red is 

 also very pretty. By careful selection for seeding from 

 they may be kept true, and though usually treated as warm 

 greenhouse plants, they are found to be very effective 

 for the flower gardens ; for this purpose the seeds must 

 be sown early in the year in heat and the plants well 

 advanced, then hardened off before putting them into 

 the beds. They succeed best in a rich, light, sandy 

 loam, to which may be added leaf-mould. For the 

 greenhouse they are very effective, and last for a con- 

 siderable time. It should be noted that those which 

 seed freely usually deteriorate ; the best forms produce 

 comparatively little seed. 



CE'LSIA. (Named after Professor Celsius, of Upsal. 

 Nat. ord. Figworts [Scrophulariaceae]. Linn. \\-Didy- 

 namia, 2-Angiospermia.) 



Chiefly from seeds, or raised in a slight hotbed, in 

 March or April, and flowered in the greenhouse during 

 the summer, or in favourable positions out of doors. 

 The biennials require the protection of the cold pit 

 during winter ; light, sandy, open soil. 

 C. acau'lis (stemless). J. Yellow. Peloponnesus. 1899. 

 Arctu'rus (Arcturus). 4. Yellow. August. Candia. 



1780. Half -hardy perennial. 

 linnaa'na (Linnean). 2. Yellpw. 1818. 

 betoniccefo'lia (be tony-leaved). 2. Yellow. July. 



N. Africa. Half-hardy biennial. 

 bugulifo'lia (bugle-leaved). Yellow-brown. Asia Minor. 



1877. 

 coromandelia'na (Coromandel). 4. Yellow. July. 



E. Ind. 1783. Stove annual 



cre'tica (Cretan). 6. Yellow. July. Crete. 1752. 



Half-hardy biennial. 

 Dtznzc'ri (Daenzer's). Greece. 

 glandulo'sa (glandular). Asia Minor. 

 heterophy'lla (various-leaved). Yellow. July. 1829. 



Half-hardy biennial. 



lana'ta (woolly). See C. ARCTURUS LINN^EANA. 

 lanceola'ta (spear-leaved). 3. Yellow. July. Levant. 



1816. Half-hardy biennial. 

 linea'ris (linear). See ALONSOA LINEARIS. 

 orienta'lis (eastern). 2. Brown, yellow. July. 



Levant. 1713. Hardy annual. 

 sublana'ta (rather- woolly). See C. ARCTURUS 



LINNjEANA. 



urticifo'lia (nettle-leaved). See ALONSOA INCISIFOLIA. 

 visco'sa (clammy). See VERBASCUM VIRGATUM. 



CEXTB. Nettle-tree. (The name of a tree men- 

 tioned by Puny. Nat. ord. Nettleworts [Urticaceae]. 

 Linn. 2$-Polygamia, i-Mon&cia.) 



Seeds, sown as soon as ripe ; layers, also, and cuttings 

 of ripe shoots, in autumn ; common, good soil. The 

 East and West India species require protection ; but 

 there seems little to recommend in them over the Euro- 

 pean and North American species, which are hardy. The 

 wood of austra'lis is extremely pliant. 



HARDY DECIDUOUS. 

 C. austra'lis (southern). 10. Green. Mediterranean 



Region. 1796. 



cane'scens (hoary). See TREMA MICRANTHA. 

 cauca'sica (Caucasian). Caucasus. 

 crassifo'lia (thick-leaved). See C. OCCIDENTALS. 



C. davidia'na (Davidian). 20. Green. China. 1868. 

 ,, glabra'ta (glabrous). 20. Green. Orient. 

 lieviga'ta (polished). See C. MISSISSIPPIENSIS. 

 ,, -.nississippie'nsis (Mississippi). 20. Green. S. United 



States. 

 occidenta'lis (western). 20. Green. April. N. Amer. 



1656. 

 corda'ia (heart-leaved). 20. Green. April. N. 



Amer. 



grandidenta'ta (large-toothed). 

 pu'mila (dwarf). 6. Green. May. N. Amer. 



1812. 

 relicula'ta (netted). Leaves netted beneath. 



Texas. 1890. 

 scabriu'scuia (roughish). 20. Green. April. N. 



Amer. 



sine'nsis (Chinese). 12. Green. Asia. 1820. 

 Tournefo'rti (Tournefort's). 8. Green. Levant. 



1739- 



STOVE EVERGREENS. 



C. aculea'ta (prickly). 10. Green. Jamaica. 1791. 

 Li' ma (file-leaved). See TREMA LIMA. 

 micra'nlha (small-flowered). See TREMA MICRANTHA. 

 orienta'lis (eastern). See TREMA ORIENTALIS. 



CENARRHE'NES. (Derived from kenos, empty, and 

 arren, a male ; in reference to the glands, which look like 

 barren stamens. Nat. ord. Proteaceae.) 



Greenhouse tree, requiring treatment given to Banksia. 

 Cuttings in sand in close case. Loam, peat, and sand. 

 C. ni'tida (shining). 15. Greenish. Australia. 



CE NIA. (Derived from kenos, empty ; in allusion to 

 the fruits of the disc often being empty. Nat. ord. 

 Composite.) 



Hardy annual of neat habit but no great beauty. 

 Ordinary garden soil. 

 C. pruino'sa (frosty). See C. TURBINATA. 

 turbina'ta (top-shaped). }. Yellow. July. S. 

 Africa. 1713. 



CENTAU'REA. Centaury. (The classical name of a 

 plant, fabled by Ovid to have cured a wound in the foot 

 of Chiron Chiron being one of the centaurs, or war- 

 horse breakers of Thessaly. Nat. ord. Composites 

 [Composite]. Linn. ig-Syngenesia, 3-Frustranea.) 



The Centaurys are so numerous that more than seventy 

 generic names have been applied to the species. C. 

 Cyanus and depre'ssa, or corn-flowers, are much used in 

 bouquets. Seeds of most of them in the open border, 

 in the end of March. The tenderer ones may be raised 

 on a hotbed, transplanted to another ; a few might be 

 preserved in a cold pit, if it was deemed deskable. 

 Common soil. The improved white varieties, pure white, 

 and soft mauve are later additions and are very beautiful. 



HARDY ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS. 

 C. Ada' mi (Adams's). See C. SOLSTITIALIS. 

 america'na (American). 2. Red. July. N. Amer. 



1824. 



A'pula (Apulian). See C. MELITENSIS. 

 arachnoi'dea (cobweb-like). 3. Yellow. July. Italy. 



1820. Biennial. 

 Be 1 hen (Behen). 2. Yellow. August. Asia Minor. 



1797. 



benedi'cta (blessed-thistle). See CARBENIA BENEDICTA. 

 Calci'trapa (Calcitrapa). i. Yellow. July. England. 

 cancetta'ta (latticed), i. Yellow. July. N. Amer. 



1824. 



chile'nsis (Chilian), ij. Lilac. June. Chili. 1836. 

 coarcta'ta (compressed). See C. GLOMERATA. 

 Crocody'lium (Crocodylium). 3. Purple. July. 



Levant. 1777. 



Crupi'na (Crupina). See CRUPINA VULGARIS. 

 crupinoi'des (Crupina- like). See VOLUTARELLA BI- 



COLOR. 



Cya'nus (blue-bottle). 3. Blue. July. Britain. 

 erio'phora (wool-bearing), i. Sulphur-yellow. Portu- 

 gal. 1900. 



fusca'ta (brownish). See C. NIC>EE'NSIS. 

 glau'ca (milky-green). See C. MOSCHATA. 

 glomera'ta (clustered), i. Yellow. July. Egypt 



1801. 

 ibe'rica (Iberian). 2. Purple. July. Iberia. 1818 



Biennial. 



