CERASUS 



194 



CERASUS 



C. Julia' na (St. Julian's) and varieties. See C. AVIUM 



and varieties. 

 Lauroce'rasus (cotwwon-laurel-cherry). 12. White. 



April. Levant. 1629. Evergreen. 

 ,, angustifo'lia (narrow- leaved). 8. White. April. 



Evergreen. 

 variega'ta (variegated-leaved). 12. White. April. 



Evergreen. 

 lusita'nica (Portugal-Lawre/). 20. White. May. 



Portugal. 1648. Evergreen. 



Maha'leb (Mahaleb). 20. White. April. Austria. 1714. 

 ,t fru'ctu-fta'vo (yellow-fruited). 20. White. May 



South of Europe. 

 latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 20. White. June. 



South of Europe. 



pe'ndula (pendulous). "Weeping Mahaleb Cherry." 

 variega'ta (variegated). 



Mara'sca(Marasca). White. SeeC. ACIDA MARASCA. 

 Maximowi'czii (Maximowicz's). Japan. 1893. 

 microca'rpa (small-fruited). Persia. 

 miquelia'na (Miquelian). Japan. 1888. 

 ,, nepale'nsis (Nepaul). 20. White. May. Nepaul. 



1820. Half-hardy. 

 occidenta'lis (West-Indian). 20. White. Jamaica. 



1629. Stove evergreen. 

 Pa'dus (bird-cherry). 50. White. April. Britain. 



" Bird Cherry.'" 

 arge'ntea (silver-blotched). 20. White. April. 



1846. 

 aucubcBfo'lia (aucuba-leaved). 20. White. April. 



1845. 

 bracteo'sa (long-br acted). 30. White. April. 



Europe. 

 heterophy'lla (various-leaved). 20. White. April. 



1845. 



leucoca'rpa (white- fruited). 

 parvifto'ra (small-flowered). 30. White. April. 



North of Europe. 



pe'ndula (pendulous). " Weeping Bird Cherry." 

 ru'bra (red. Cornish bird). 30. White. April. 



Britain. 



pe'ndula (pendulous). Japan. " Rose-bud Cherry." 

 pennsylva'nica (Pennsylvanian). 30. White. May. 



N. Amer. 1773. 



persicifo'lia (peach-leaved). See C. PENNSYLVANIA. 

 ,, prostra'ta (prostrate), i. Pink. April. Crete. 1802. 

 Pseu'do-ce'rasus (bastard-cherry). 6. White. April. 



China. 1821. 



pube'scens (downy). See PRUNUS MARITIMA. 

 Pu'ddum (Puddum). Himalaya. 

 pu'mila (dwarf). 2. White. May. N. Amer. 1756. 



" Sand Cherry." 



pygma'a (pigmy). See PRUNUS MARITIMA. 

 sali'cina (willow-leaved). 4. White. April. China. 



1822. 

 semperfto'rens (ever-flowering). See C. ACIDA SEMPER- 



FLORENS. 



sessilifto'ra (stalkless-flowered). 20. White." April. 

 sero'tina (late. American bird). 30. White. June. 



N. Amer. 1629. 

 cartilagi'nea (cartilaginous). Leaves long and 



leathery. 1889. 

 pe'ndula (pendulous). " Weeping Wild Black 



Cherry." 



retu'sa (blunt-leaved). 30. May. S. Amer. 

 salicifo'lia (willow-leaved). " Capollin." 

 serrula'ta (saw-edge-leaved). 4. White. April. China. 



1822. 



,, fio're-lu'teo-ple'no (double yellow flowered). 

 spharoca'rpa (round-fruited). 10. White. June. 



Jamaica. 1820. Stove evergreen. 

 subhirte'lla (slightly hairy). Japan. 

 Susqueha'nna (Susquehanna). See C. PUMILA. 

 tortuo'sa (tortuous). Asia Minor. 

 Virginia' na (Virginian). 30. White. May. United 



States. 1724. " Choke Cherry." 

 vulga'ris (common). 10 to 20. White. April. 



Europe. " Wild or Dwarf Cherry, Morello Cherry." 



(The correct name is Prunus Cerasus.) 

 persicifio'ra (Peach-flowered). 

 Rhe'xii flo' re-pie no (double). 



CHERRY CULTURE. All our cultivated cherries appear 

 to be derived, by the aid of various crosses, from Ce'rasus 

 dura'cina, julia'na, and capronia'na. 



The best dessert cherries are : Belle d'Orleans, Bigar- 

 reau de Schreken, Bigarreau Napoleon, Black Eagle, 

 Black Tartarian, Early Red Bigarreau, Early Rivers, 

 Elton, Frogmore Early Bigarreau, Governor Wood, May 

 Duke, Noble. 



For cooking or preserving Morello takes first place. 

 Kentish and May Duke are also good. 



Propagation. Both budding and grafting are resorted 

 to ; the former is the safest plan to avoid gum. The 

 stocks used are those of the wild cherry for ordinary 

 standards, or wall-trees ; but, for a dwarfing-system, it 

 has become customary, of late, to use the Ce'rasus 

 Maha'leb, or Perfumed Cherry so called on account of 

 the agreeable perfume emitted by the wood whilst 

 burning. In France this is called Bois de St. Lucia, and 

 this has long been used as stocks. In addition to its 

 promoting a dwarf habit, it is said to be adapted to 

 very ordinary soils, totally unfit for the common cherry- 

 stock. It is the usual practice to obtain the Mahaleb 

 from layers ; but no doubt cuttings will answer equally 

 well. The ordinary cherry-stocks are raised from seed, 

 generally obtained from trees of the same kind. They 

 are preserved in sand through the winter, and sown in 

 February. Care must be taken to preserve them from 

 the mice. They may be transplanted, in the following 

 October, hi rows two feet apart in the row. For dwarfs 

 they may be budded the following season ; but, if 

 standards are required, they must stand until they 

 acquire the desired height. 



Soil. A deep and mellow loam, rather sandy, is best 

 adapted to the cherry. It will, however, succeed hi any 

 ordinary garden-soil, if somewhat fertile in character, 

 and one which parts freely with superfluous moisture. 



Wall Culture in Growing Period. The first operation 

 commences in the disbudding, stopping, and laying in of 

 the young shoots : this will be in the early part of June. 

 Gross fore-right shoots may at once be displaced, unless 

 required to fill gaps ; but if any doubt exists as to their 

 becoming permanent stock, it will suffice to pinch off 

 their points when four or five inches long. 



The kinds differ so much in size of foliage that a differ- 

 ence becomes necessary in the distance at which the 

 young wood is trained. This must be ruled by the size 

 of the leaves. Such as the Bigarreau must be kept at 

 least five inches apart ; the Morello section may be 

 placed from two to four inches apart. One of the main 

 points is to destroy the aphides in time ; they are almost 

 sure to infest the trees before midsummer. 



Culture in Rest Period. The cherry, in general, requires 

 less culture than most of our hardy fruits ; and this 

 because it produces so little breast-wood. If the summer 

 management has been duly attended to, there will be 

 little to perform during the rest period. 



The remaining portion of the snags, or bases of the 

 young shoots, which were pinched back in June, must 

 now be pruned back to within two inches of the branch, 

 unless required to furnish a blank space. Any late- 

 made, immature-looking wood may be shortened to 

 where solid ; but no other shortening is required with 

 bearing trees. All the shortening requisite, in order to 

 multiply shoots to furnish the wall, should be done 

 within three years after their transplanting. There will, 

 however, be mostly a few shoots to be entirely removed 

 in the winter's pruning ; and, in doing this, regard must 

 be paid to the distance previously given. 



Uses, how to keep, 6-c. We need scarcely point to the 

 dessert section. The Morellos are famous as " brandy- 

 cherries." The Kentish has the peculiar property of 

 slipping from the stone, and, when dried, making a de- 

 lightful confection ; and, indeed, most of them are of 

 great use for confectionery purposes. The pulp of some 

 makes a very good wine ; and in Germany a liqueur is 

 made from the kernel and pulp, bruised and fermented, 

 known by the name of Kirschwasser. 



Disease. We are not aware of any positive disease in 

 the cherry, excepting the gum. This is an exudation of 

 gummy matter, which generally follows a wound or 

 bruise, and not unfrequently breaks out spontaneously. 

 The best way to avoid this is to plant in soil of moderate 

 quality. In general, a light, maiden loam is good enough, 

 without adding a particle of manure or vegetable matter. 

 See EXTRAVASATED SAP. 



Insects. The Black Aphis (see APHIS) is the greatest 

 enemy, and next the Red Spider. (See ACARUS.) The 

 wall and wood of the trees should be washed annually, 



