CIBOUL 



211 



CINERARIA 



C. Menzie'sii (Menzies'). Sandwich Islands. 1878. 

 pn'nceps (chief). See CYATHEA INSIGNIS. 

 pruina'tum (frosted). Sandwich Islands. 1878. 

 regale (regal). Mexico. 1864. 

 Schie'dei (Schiede's). 6. Brown. Mexico. 1846. 



Stove. 

 specta'bile (showy). Mexico. 1868. 



CIBOUL, or WELSH ONION. (A' Ilium fistula' sum.) A 

 perennial, never forming any bulb, but sown annually, to 

 be drawn young for salads, &c. Its strong taste renders 

 it greatly inferior to the common onion for this purpose ; 

 but, from its extreme hardiness, it is good as a winter- 

 standing crop for spring use. 



Varieties. Two varieties are in cultivation, the white 

 and the red. 



Cultivation. It may be sown at all times with the 

 onion, and is similarly cultivated, except that it may be 

 sown thicker, and only thinned as wanted. (See ONION.) 

 The blade usually dies away completely in winter ; but 

 fresh ones are thrown out again in February or March. 



To obtain Seed. Plant some of the roots in March, 

 six or eight inches asunder. The first autumn they will 

 produce but little seed ; in the second and third, however, 

 it will be produced abundantly. If care is taken to 

 part and transplant the roots every t%vo or three years, 

 they may be multiplied, and will remain productive for 

 many years, and afford much better seed than that 

 from one-year-old roots. 



Scallions. There is good reason for concluding that 

 by a confusion of names, arising from similarity of ap- 

 pearance, this vegetable is the true scallion, whilst the 

 hollow leek of Wales is the true Welsh onion. At present, 

 all onions that have refused to bulb, but form lengthened 

 necks and strong blades, in spring and summer, are 

 called scallions. 



CTCCA DI'STICHA. See PHYLLANTHUS DISTICHUS. 

 CICELY. See CH^ROPHY'LLUM AROMA'TICUM. 

 CICE'NDIA PULCHELLA. See ERYTHR.E'A RAMOSIS- 



SIMA. 



CI'CER. (From Latin Cicer, the Chick Pea. Nat. 

 ord. Leguminosae.) 



The Chick Pea is cultivated in the South of Europe, 

 India, &c., and has been so grown from very early times. 

 Under the name of gram, the Indians use it in cakes and 

 curries. Seeds in ordinary garden soil in April. 

 C. arieti'num (ram's-head). i. Violet. July. Europe, 



Orient, India. 

 Le'ns (Lens). See LENS ESCULENTA. 



CICHO RIUM. Chicory, or Succory. (An ancient 

 Egyptian name. Nat. ord. Composites [Composite]. 

 Linn. iq-Syngenesia, i-jEqualis.) 



Hardy salad-plants, of easy culture ; seed at different 

 times. See CHICORY and ENDIVE. 

 C. Endi'via (endive). 2. Blue. July. Europe. Orient. 



1548. Annual. 

 I'ntybus (Intybus. Chicory). 2. Blue. July. 



Britain. Perennial. 

 ,, pu'milum (dwarf). Mediterranean Region. 



CEENKOWSKIA. (In commemoration of Professor 

 Cienkowsky, a Russian botanist. Nat. ord. Scitaminaceae. 

 Now referred to Kaempferia.) 



A stove perennial herb of considerable beauty. Division 

 of the roots. Fibrous loam, peat, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 Moist atmosphere. 

 C. Ki'rkii (Kirk's), i. Mauve. Trop. Africa. 1872. 



CDHCI'FUGA. Bugwort. (From cimex, a bug, and 

 fugo, to drive away ; from its supposed quality. Nat. 

 ord. Crowfoots [Ranunculaceae], Linn. i^-Polyandria, 

 5-Pentagynia. Allied to Actaea.) 



Good old hardy herbaceous plants for borders ; eds, 

 and division of the roots in spring or autumn ; common 

 soil. 

 C. america'na (American). 2. White, yellow. July. 



Carolina. 1824. 

 cordifolia (heart-leaved). 3. White, yellow. June. 



N. Amer. 1812. 



<fatn/'rtca(Dahourian). 3. White, pale yellow. China. 

 data (tall). 5. Cream. N. Amer. 



C. fce'tida (foetid). 4. Light yellow. June. Siberia. 



1777. 



,, intermedia (intermediate). 



japo'nica( Japanese). 2. White. September. Japan. 

 palma'ta, (palmate). See TRAUTVETTERIA PALMATA. 

 racemo'sa (racemose). 3 to 4. Creamy-white. July. 



N. Amer. 

 simplex (simple). 2$. Creamy-white. October. 



Japan. The best species. 



CINCHO'NA. Peruvian Bark. (Named after the 

 Countess of Cinchon, who was cured by this Peruvian 

 Bark. Nat. ord. Cinchonads [Rubiaceae]. Linn. $-Pen- 

 tandria, i-Monogynia.) 



The Peruvian bark stands foremost as a febrifuge 

 tonic. Stove evergreens ; cuttings of ripe wood in sand, 

 under a glass, in heat ; loam and fibrous peat, with a 

 little sand and charcoal. Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; 

 winter, 55 to 60. This is a very important family of 

 plants, and some are extensively cultivated for their 

 medicinal properties. 



C. Calisa'ya (Calisaya). 20. Pink. September. Bolivia. 



1848. " Yellow Bark." 



Condami'nea (Condaminea). See C. OFFICINALIS. 

 cordifo'lia (heart-leaved). Pink. Colombia. 

 josephia'na (Josephian). White. Bolivia. 1873. 

 lanceola'ta (lance-shaped). See C. OFFICINALIS. 

 ledgeria'na (Ledgerian). Pink. Bolivia. 

 microphy'lla (small-leaved). Pink. Peru. 

 ,, ni'tida (shining). Peru. 

 officina'lis (shop). 18. Red. July. Peru. 1810. 



" Crown Bark." 



pahudia'na (Pahudian). Trop. Amer. 

 peruvia'na (Peruvian). Peru. " Grey Bark." 

 pombia'na (Pombian). Gardens. 

 sca'bra (rugged). 6. Red. 1820. 

 succirubra (red-juiced). 20 to 40. Pink. July. 



Peru. " Red Bark." 



CINCINA'LIS FLA'VENS, C.NIVEA,.and C.TE/NERA. 



See NOTHOCHLiENA. 



CINERA'RIA. (From cineres, ashes ; in reference 

 to the grey down covering the surfaces of the leaves. 

 Nat. ord. Composites [Compositae]. Linn. ig-Syngenesia, 

 z-Superflua.) 



Hardy herbaceous species by seed, but chiefly by 

 division of the roots ; good, loamy soil, manure, and 

 leaf-mould. The shrubs and under-shrubs, which mostly 

 require a greenhouse or cold pit in winter, by cuttings 

 in sandy soil, under a hand-light. The garden florist 

 varieties see further on. 



STOVE EVERGREENS. 



C. aitonia'na (Alton's). See C. CANESCENS. 

 amcnca'na (American). See SENECIO DENTICULATUS. 

 di'scolor (tvio-coloured-leaved) . See SENECIO DIS- 

 COLOR. 



glabra'ta (smooth). See SENECIO SWARTZII. 

 lu'cida (shining). See SENECIO LUCIDUS. 



GREENHOUSE EVERGREENS. 



C. a'lba (white), i. White. February. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1825. 



a'lbicans (whitish). Clear yellow. Natal. 1895. 

 , angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). See SENECIO SALIGNUS. 

 , auri'ta (eared). See SENECIO MADERENSIS. 

 , bi' color (two-coloured). See SENECIO BICOLOR. 

 , cacalioi'des (cacalia-like). See OTHONNA CARNOSA. 

 , cane'scens (hoary). 2. Yellow. June. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1790. 



cauca'sica (Caucasian). See SENECIO CAUCASICUS. 

 ,, crue'nta (blood-coloured). See SENECIO CRUENTUS. 

 ela'tior (taller). See SENECIO MULTIFLORUS. 

 geifo'lia (geum-leaved). 2. Yellow. July. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1710. 



,, gibbo'sa (swollen). See SENECIO GIBBOSUS. 

 ,, humifu'sa (trailing), i. Yellow. July. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1754. Herbaceous. 

 hy'brida (hybrid). See SENECIO CRUENTUS. 

 inca'na (hoary). See GYNOXYS INCANA. 

 la'ctea (milk- coloured). See SENECIO APPENDICULATUS. 

 lana'ta (woolly). See SENECIO HERITIERI. 



