CLARY 



217 



CLEISOSTOMA 



C. pulche'lla bi'color (two-coloured). 

 flo're-albo (white-flowered). 2. White. June. 



N. Amer. 1826. 



fto're-ple'no (double rose). 1864. 

 margina'ta (edged). Rose, edged white. 1858. 

 rhomboi dea (diamond-shaped). Pink. June to Sep- 



tember. N.W. Amer. 1823. 



CLARY. (Sa'lvia Scla'rea.) Its leaves are sometimes 

 used in soups and medicated wines. A very small 

 number of plants is sufficient for a family. Sow early 

 in April, or a month earlier, in any light-soiled border. 

 Thin the plants to two feet apart. The sowing must be 

 annual. Seed may be saved by allowing some plants 

 to run up the next spring. They ripen their seed in 

 September. 



CLAUSE'NA. (Derivation not explained. Nat. ord. 

 Citronworts [Rutaceae], Linn. lo-Decandria, i-Mono- 



Stove evergreens. Cuttings of ripe shoots in sand, 

 under a glass, in heat. Loam and peat. Summer temp., 

 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 60. 

 C. anisa'ta (smelling of anise). Trop. Africa. 

 corymbifto'ra (corymb-flowered). White. Loyalty 



Islands. 1878. Fruit edible. 

 ,, pentaphy'lla (five-leaved). 20. White. July. 



Himalayas. 1800. 



Wa'mpi (Wampi). 15. White. China. 1795. 

 " Wampee." 



CLA'VICEPS PURPU'REA. The Ergot of rye, a 

 fungus attacking Rye. 



CLAVTJA. (Named after Clavija, a Spanish naturalist. 

 Nat. ord. Ardisiads [Myrsinaceae]. Linn. $-Pentandria, 

 i-Monogynia. Allied to Theophrasta.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of half-ripe shoots 

 in sandy loam, with sand above, under glass, and in 

 bottom-heat ; peat and loam. Summer temp., 60 to 

 85 ; winter, 50 to 55. 

 C. cauliflo'ra (stem-flowering). Antioquia. 



E'rnstii (Ernst's). Apricot-yellow. Caraccas. 



,, fu'lgens (shining). Orange-red. Peru. 1867. 



Hooke'ri (Hooker's). Peru. 



lalifo'lia (broad-leaved). W. Ind. 



macroca'rpa (large-fruited). 20. White. Peru. 1816. 



macrophy'lla (large-leaved). Brazil. 



orna'ta (adorned). 12. Orange. Caraccas. 1828. 



rieddia'na (Riedelian). Orange. Brazil. 



rodekia'na (Rodekian). Orange. Colombia. 1874. 



spathula'ta (spathulate). See C. HOOKERI. 



umbro'sa (shady). Brazil. 1868. 



undula'ta (waved). Trop. Amer. 1831. 



CLAY is a constituent of all fertile soils, though in 

 these it rarely exceeds one-sixteenth part, and generally 

 bears a much smaller relative proportion to the other 

 constituents. In its pure state it is known as alumina. It 

 is the best of all additions to light, unretentive soils ; 

 for it retains moisture much more powerfully than any 

 other earth. M. Schubler found, that when silicious 

 sand lost eighty-eight parts of moisture, and chalky sand 

 seventy-six, stiff clay, in the same time, lost only thirty- 

 five parts. 



Clay soils are the worst that can be for gardens ; for 

 there is scarcely one of the crops there cultivated that 

 is not injured by stagnant water, which can scarcely 

 be prevented in clay soils at some seasons ; and, in wet 

 weather, clayey soils cannot be worked, whereas the 

 gardener must be inserting or attending to his crops 

 every day. 



For the improvement of clay lands, by rendering their 

 staple less retentive, burning' some of their own soil is 

 an efficient application. One hundred tons per acre, 

 for this purpose, are not too many ; for a dressing as a 

 manure, thirty tons are a good quantity. See PARING. 



CLAYING is adding clay to a soil, to render it more 

 retentive. 



CLAYTO'NIA. (Named after John Clayton, who col- 

 lected plants in America. Nat. ord. Purslanes [Portu- 

 lacea;]. Linn. s-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



C. perfolia'ta, a gay little annual, is used as a substitute 

 for purslane in North America. Annuals, in border 



of sandy loam, or sandy peat, in March and April ; 

 tuberous species, by offsets in spring or autumn, and 

 seeds in spring ; herbaceous species, by division of the 

 roots ; vegetable mould and peaty soil. 



HARDY ANNUALS. 



C. alsinoi'des (Alsine-like). See C. SIBIRICA ALBA. 

 , a'rctica (arctic), i. White. June. Siberia. 1818. 

 , cubefnsis (Cuba). See C. PERFOLIATA. 

 , qypsophiloi'des (gypsophila-like). See C. PERFOHATA. 

 , joannea'na (Joannes's). See C. ARCTICA. 

 , parvifto'ra (small-flowered). See C. PERFOLIATA 



PARVIFLORA. 



perfolia'ta (leaf-stem-pierced), i. White. June. N. 



Amer. 1794. 



,, ,, parvifto'ra (small-flowered). 



sibi'rica (Siberian), i. Red. June. Siberia. 1768. 

 a'lba (white). White, with red anthers. Nootka 



Sound. 

 unalaschke'nsis (Unalaschka). See C. SIBIRICA. 



HARDY TUBEROUS-ROOTED. 



C. acutifto'ra (pointed-petaled). See C. VIRGINICA. 

 acutifo'lia (pointed-leaved). 2. August. Siberia. 



1827. 

 calif o'rnica (Californian) . California. Herbaceous 



perennial. 

 carolinia' no, (Carolina), i. Pink. April. N. Amer 



1789- 



grandifto'ra (large-flowered). See C. VIRGINICA. 

 lanceola'ta (spear-head-teaved) . See C. CAROLINIANA. 

 longifo'lia (long-leaved), i. White. April. N.Amer. 



1827. 

 polyphy'lla (many-leaved), i. Pink. April. N. 



Amer. 1827. 

 sarmento'sa (trailing), i. Rose. Asia and Arctic 



Amer. 1827. 



satftuJo:/o7t'a(spathulate-leaved). See C. CAROLINIANA. 

 umbella'ta (umbelled). N.W. Amer. 

 vestia'na (Vest's), i. Rose. Altai. 1827. 

 virgi'nica (Virginian. Notch-petaled). i. White. 



N. Amer. 1740. 



CLEISO STOMA. (From kleio, to close, and stoma, a 

 mouth. Nat. ord. Orchids [Orchidaceae]. Linn. 20- 

 Gynandria, i-Monandria. Allied to Sarcpchilus.) 



Stove orchids, except C. tridenta'ta ; divisions ; blocks 

 of wood, with a little sphagnum moss. Summer temp., 

 60 to 80 ; winter, 55 to 60. 



C. bi'color (two-coloured). Pink, purple. July. Manilla. 



1848. 



bre'vipes (short-stalked). E. Himalayas. 

 crassifo'lium (thick-leaved). Green, purple. E. Ind. 



1852. 

 dawsonia'num (Dawsonian). See TRICHOGLOTTIS 



DAWSONIANA. 



dealba'tum (whitened). Yellow. September 



Manilla. 1843. 



deci'piens (deceiving). Ochre. May. Ceylon. 1843. 

 di'scolor (two-coloured). Yellow. March. India. 



1844. 



,, fu'ceum (brown). See C. LATIFOLIUM. 

 Guibe'rti (Guibert's). Yellow, with cinnamon rings 



1862. 

 iono'smum (violet-scented). 2. Yellow. March. 



Manilla. 1843. 



lana'tum (woolly). See SACCOLABIUM LANATUM. 

 latifp'lium (broad-leaved). Yellow, red. March. 



Singapore. 1840. 

 maculo'sum (spotted- flowered). Yellow, pink. March. 



Ceylon. 1839. 

 ri'ngens (gaping). Yellow; lip purple, orange. 



Philippines. 1888. 

 ro'seum (rose-coloured-/fcw<rra*). Straw-coloured. 



September. Manilla. 1837. 

 secu'ndum (one-sided). Rose-pink, rose-purple. 



Burma. 1907. 

 spica'tum (spiked). Red, yellow. May. Borneo. 



1846. 



pa'llidum (pale). Malaya. 1837. 

 stria' turn (striated). Yellow, red. Darjeeling. 1879. 

 tridenta'tum (three-toothed). Reddish-white. Aus- 

 tralia. 1838. Greenhouse. 



