CLETHRA 



221 



CLIMATE 



C. salicifo'lium (willow-leaved). 4. E. Ind. 1824. 

 sca'ndens (climbing). See C. UMBELLATUM. 

 ,, serra'tum (saw-edged). 6. Nepaul. 1822. 

 sinua'tum (wzvy-edge-leaved) . 3. White. February. 



Sierra Leone. 1846. 

 Siphona'ntkus (siphon-flowered). 6. White. E. Ind. 



1796. 

 spccwsi'ssimum (most-showy). See C. GLANDUI.OSUM 



and C. SQUAMATUM. 

 ,, specio'sum (showy). Garden hybrid (splendent*. 



Thomson**). 

 sple'ndens (shining). 10. Scarlet. June. Sierra 



Leone. 1840. Climber. 

 ,, squama'tum (scaled). 10. Scarlet. August. China. 



1790. 



ternifo'lium (three-leaved). See C. SERRATUM. 

 Thomso'na (Mrs. Thomson's). Calyx white. Corolla 



scarlet. Old Calabar. 1862. 

 wnbella'tum (umbelled). S. Africa. 

 wticttfo'lium (nettle-leaved). See C. SQUAMATUM. 

 verticiUa'tum (whorled-leaved). See C. SIPHONAN- 



THUS. 



riola'ceum (violet-coloured). 4. Violet. 1822. 

 visco'sunt (clammy). See C. INFORTUNATUM. 

 volu'bile (twining). 6. White. Guinea. 1823. 

 C Umber. 



CLE'THRA. (From klethra, the Greek name of the 

 Alder ; alluding to a supposed resemblance between 

 their leaves. Nat. ord. Heathworls [Ericaceae]. Linn. 

 lo-Dtcandria, i-Monpgynia. Allied to Andromeda.) 



Cuttings of half-ripe shoots, of the tenderer species, 

 in April, under glass, and in sandy soil. The North 

 American species are hardy enough for our shrubberies ; 

 are propagated by layers in autumn, or by firm cuttings 

 in sand, under a handlight, in summer ; for all, peat is 

 necessary. 



HARDY DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. 



C. acumina'ta (long-pointed-leaved). 10. White. Sep- 

 tember. Carolina. 1806. 



alnifo'lia (alder-leaved). 4. White. September. 

 N. Amer. 1731. 



,, ro'sea (rosy). Rose and white base. Massa- 

 chusetts. 1907. 



cane'scens (grey). White. China and Japan. 



mexica'na (Mexican). 10. . White. Mexico. 1840. 

 Evergreen. 



na'na (dwarf). 2. White. August. 1820. 



panicula'ta (panicled). See C. ALNIFOLIA. 



sea bra (rough-leaved). See C. ALNIFOLIA. 



tomento'sa (downy-leaved). See C. ALNIFOLIA. 



GREENHOUSE EVERGREENS. 

 C. arbo'rea (tree). 8. White. September. Madeira. 



1784. 

 mi'nor (smaller). 2. White. September. 



Madeira. 

 variega'ta (variegated). 3. White. August. 



Madeira. 



ferrugi'nea (rusty). 4. White. Peru. 1800. 

 ., quercifo'lia (oak-leaved). 10. White. June. 



Mexico. 1840. 

 secundiflo'ra (one-sided-flowered). White. Madeira. 



1879. 

 tinifo'lia (Tinus-leaved). 20. White. Jamaica. 



1825. Stove. 



CLEYE'RA. (Named after Dr. Cleyer, a Dutch 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Theads [Ternstromiaceae]. Linn. 

 i$-Polyandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Cuttings of half-ripe 

 shoots in sand, under glass ; sandy, fibrous peat. Summer 

 temp., 60 to 70 ; winter, 45 to 50. 



C. Portu'nei (Fortune's). Japan ? B. M., t. 7434. 



japo'nica (Japan). 5. Yellowish-white. Japan and 

 China. 1820. 



tricolor (three-coloured). Edges of leaves creamy- 

 white, tinged rose. Japan. 1882. 



variega'ta (variegated). Leaves edged pale 

 yellow, fading white. 



tkeoi'des (tea- tree-like). 4. Creamy-white. Jamaica. 

 1818. 



CLIANTHUS. (From kleios, glory, and anthos, a 

 flower. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [LeguminosaB]. 

 Linn. ij-Diadelphia, 4-Decandria. Allied to Suther- 

 iandia.) 



The Parrot-Beak plant and the Glory Pea of New 

 Zealand. Half-hardy evergreen shrubs. Cuttings in 

 sandy soil, under a glass, root freely. C. Dimpieri is 

 the most showy, and may be raised from seeds ; sown 

 early in the year the plants will flower the same season, 

 but are liable to die off just as they should be coming 

 into flower ; peat and loam, with a little sand or charcoal. 

 Youns? plants are best grown rapidly, old plants are so 

 subject to red spider ; do well in pots, planted out in a 

 conservatory, or against a wall, where a little protection 

 can be given in winter. 

 C. ca'rneus (flesh-coloured). See STREBLORRHIZA SPE- 



CIOSA. 

 Dampif'n (Dampier's). 2. Red. Australia. 1852. 



" Glory Pea of Australia." 



germa'nica (German). Garden variety. 1889. 

 margin' ata (margined). White, edged red and 



black blotch. 1866. 

 tricolor (three-coloured). Standard white at base ; 



outside, black, scarlet. 1903. 

 puni'ceus (crimson corolla). 3. Crimson. May. New 



Zealand. 1832. 



a'lbus (white). Flowers white. 1902. 

 magni'ficus (magnificent). Reddish. Navigator's 

 Island. 1853. 



CUBA'DIUM. (Nat. ord. Compositae.) 



Stove herb, with small heads of yellow or whitish 

 flowers in corymbs. Cuttings in sandy soil in summer, 

 in a case. Loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 C. suriname'nse (Surinamese). Yellow. S. Amer. 



CLICK BEETLES. The winged forms of species of 

 Elater, the grubs of which are known as Wireworms, 

 which see. 



CLIDA'NTHUS FRA'GRANS. See CHLIDANTHUS FRA- 



GRANS. 



GLIDE MIA. (Commemorative of Clidemi, an ancient 

 Greek botanist. Nat. ord. Melastomaceae.) 



Stove shrubs, allied to Miconia and requiring similar 

 treatment. 

 C. hi'rta (hairy). White. September. Jamaica. 1294 ? 



The first Melastomad to bloom in Britain. 

 vitta'ta (striped). Rose. Peru. 1875. 



CLLFFO'RTIA. (A commemorative name. Nat. ord. 

 Rosaceac.) 



Greenhouse shrub with densely leafy branches. Cut- 

 tings in sand under a bell-glass. Fibrous loam, leaf- 

 mould, sand. 

 C. ilicifo'lia (holly-leaved). S. Africa. 



CLJFTO'NIA. (A commemorative name. Nat. ord. 

 Cyrillaceae.) 



Greenhouse shrub. Cuttings of half-ripe shoots in 

 sand under a bell-glass. Fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and 

 sand. 



C. ni'tida (shining). 8. Pink and white. May. N.Amer. 

 " Buckwheat Tree." Syn. C. ligustri'na. 



CLIMATE controls the growth of plants most impera- 

 tively ; and, in the cultivation of his fruits, flowers, and 

 culinary vegetables, it forms the first object of the 

 gardener's inquiry. He must first know the climate of 

 which any given plant is native ; and, secondly, the soil 

 which it affects, before he can cultivate it successfully. 

 How all-influential is climate appears from the fact, that 

 different countries, though in the same degrees of lati- 

 tude, have often a totally different Flora on soils similar 

 in constitution. 



Now the reason for these differences is, that the 

 countries thus contrasted differ in climate ; that is, they 

 differ in the intensity and duration of the light and heat 

 they enjoy ; they differ in the contrast of their day and 

 night temperatures ; they differ in the relative length of 

 the day and night ; they differ in the length of their 

 summer and winter, or, which is synonymous, in the 

 relative lengths of their periods of vegetable activity and 

 rest ; they differ, also, in the amount of rain which falls, 

 not only annually, but at particular seasons ; they differ 



