CLIMBERS 



222 



CLUMPS 



in having much atmospheric moisture deposited, in the 

 form of rain, or dew, or snow, at the different periods 

 of vegetable activity or rest. Now, whatever these 

 differences are, whatever the peculiarities of a climate 

 from which a plant comes, the gardener cannot cultivate 

 it successfully unless he secures to that plant those 

 climatal differences and peculiarities. We often see 

 long tables of the average monthly temperature of places ; 

 but these are useless. They are no guides to the 

 gardener unless they show the average highest and lowest 

 temperatures of each month, as well as the highest and 

 lowest degrees the thermometer is known to reach during 

 the same period. 



CLIMBERS are plants which attach themselves to sup- 

 porters by their natural appendages, as by their tendrils, 

 by their hooks, or by other modes of attachment. 



CLINA NTHUS. See STENOMESSON. 



CLINOGYNE. (From klinon, a bed, and gyne, the 

 ovary. Nat. ord. Scitaminaceae.) 



Stove herbs requiring the same treatment as Alpinia. 

 C. gra'ndis (large). Burma, Malaya. 

 si'milis (similar), 2j. White. Trop. Africa ? 1903. 



CLINTO'NIA. (Named, by the unfortunate Douglas, 

 after his friend, De Wilt Clinton, Governor of the State 

 of New York. Nat. ord. Liliaceae.) 



Hardy perennials of dwarf habit, allied to Trillium and 

 like it having a short creeping rhizome. Suitable for 

 peaty beds at the base of the rockery, or where leaf- 

 mould is used and a little shade given. Seeds and off- 

 sets. 



C. alpi'na (alpine). Himalaya. 

 andrewsia'na (Andrewsian). i to ij. Claret-purple. 



California. 1888. 

 borea'lis (northern), i. Yellow-green. May. N. 



Amer. 1778. 



e'legans (elegant). See DOWN IN GI A ELEGANS. 

 pulche'lla (beautiful). See DOWNINGIA PULCHELLA. 

 umbella'ta (umbelled). J. White. May. N. Amer. 



1778. 



uniflo'ra (one-flowered), $. White. July. Cali- 

 fornia. 



CLIOCO'CCA TENUIF'OLIA. See LINUM SELAGINOIDES. 



CLIPPING hedges should be confined to those of the 

 commonest and hardiest varieties of shrubs, as those of 

 hawthorn and privet ; for the bruising and mangling 

 of the branches which accompany this operation are very 

 injurious to evergreens, as the laurels and holly. Those 

 are always much better kept in order, and within bounds, 

 by the knife. In clipping, many of the leaves of those 

 are cut in half ; and their decayed edges are very un- 

 sightly. Clipping of deciduous hedges is most advan- 

 tageously performed in the spring and early summer. A 

 multitude of shoots are then induced, which secure 

 that chief desideratum in hedges thickness and close- 

 ness of texture. 



CLISIOCAMPA NEUSTRIA. See LACKEY MOTH. 

 CLITA'NTHES HU MILIS. See STENOMESSON HUMILE. 



CLITA'NTHES LU'TEA. See STENOMESSON RECUR- 

 VATUM. 



CLITA'NTHES MACLEA'NICA. See STENOMESSON 



RECURVATUM. 



CLTFO'RIA. (From kleio, to shut up ; in reference 

 to its seeding within the flower long before the flower 

 drops off. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae]. 

 Linn. ij-Diadelphia, 4-Decandria. Allied to Phaseolus.) 

 Stove evergreen twiners, except where otherwise 

 mentioned. Cuttings of stubby side-shoots in heat, in 

 sandy soil, in close frame with bottom-heat ; and seeds, 

 when procurable ; sandy peat and fibrous loam, with 

 sand and charcoal. Summer temp., 60 to 65 ; winter, 

 50 to 55. 

 C. arbore'scens (tree-like). 8. Pink. August. Trinidad. 



1804. Shrub. 



berteria'na (Bertera's). See PERIANDRA BERTERIANA. 

 brasilia'na (Brazilian). See CENTROSEMA BRASI- 



LIANUM. 



Broussone'tii (Broussonet's). See COLOGANIA BROUS- 

 SONETH. 



C. cajanifo'lia (Cajana-leaved). Tropics. 

 ,, cocci'nea (scarlet). See PERIANDRA COCCINEA. 

 ,, ere'cta (upright). S. Amer. 1822. 

 ,, formo'sa (beautiful). See CENTROSEMA BRASILIANUM. 

 ,, fu'lgens (br\ght-floivered). See GALACTIA SCARLATINA. 

 gra'cilis (slender). 2. Blue. July. S. Amer. 1824. 

 heterophy 'lla (various-leaved), i. Blue. July. E. 



Ind. 1812. 



lasci'via (wanton). 4. July. Madagascar. 1826. 

 maria'na (Maryland). 3. Blue. August. N. Amer. 



1759. Deciduous, half-hardy. 

 ,, mexica'na (Mexican). See C. MARIANA. 

 ,, multifto'ra (many-flowered). See VILMORINIA MULTI- 



FLORA. 



Plumie'ri (Plumier's) See CENTROSEMA PLUMIERI. 

 polyphy'lla (many-leaved). See BARBIERIA POLY- 



PHYLLA. 

 Terna'tea (Ternatea). 4. Blue. July. Tropics. 



, 1 a'a 



( white). White. May. E. Ind. 

 caru'lea (sky-blue). Blue. May. E. Ind. 

 ma'jor (larger-flowered). 4. Bright brown. 



August. Sydney. 1845. Greenhouse. 

 virginia'na (Virginian). See CENTROSEMA VIRGINI- 



ANUM. 



CLTVIA. (Named after the Duchess of Northumber- 

 land, a member of the Clive family. Nat. ord. Amaryllids 

 [Amaryllidaceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Both of the names, Clivia nobilis and Imantophyllum 

 Aitoni, were published on October i, 1828, and refer to 

 the same plant. Most writers, botanists, and gardeners 

 now adhere to the name Clivia for the genus, and C. 

 miniata having long since been determined to belong 

 to the same genus, it is convenient to include all of them 

 under one name. Greenhouse plants with fleshy roots. 

 Divisions and seeds ; a high temperature, and plenty of 

 moisture, when growing ; cooler and drier when at rest ; 

 rich, sandy loam. Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 

 48 to 55. 

 C. cyrtanthiflo'ra (curved-flowered). Garden hybrid 



(miniata x nobilis). 

 Garde'ni (Garden's). Red, yellow, green. December. 



S. Africa. 1854. 

 minia'ta (vermilion). 2. Orange-scarlet, yellow. 



Natal. 1854. 



au'rea (golden). Soft yellow. 1904. 

 citri'na (lemon-yellow). Cream, tinged orange. 



Zululand. 1899. 



Coope'ri (Cooper's). S. Africa. 1872. 

 stri'ata (striped). Leaves freely variegated. 1903. 

 ,, sulphu'rea (sulphur). Yellow. 1888. 

 no'bilis (noble). 2. Red, yellow. July. S. Africa. 

 1823. 



CLOMENO'COMA MONTA'NA. See DYSODIA GRANDI- 



FLORA. 



CLOUDBERRY. Ru'bus Chamcemo'rus. 

 CLOVE. Dia'nthus Caryophy'llus. 

 CLOVE-TREE. Euge'nia caryophylla'ta. 



CLOWE'SIA. (Named after the late Rev. /. Clowes, a 

 great orchid-grower near Manchester. Nat. ord. Orchids 

 [Orchidaceae]. Linn. 2O-Gynandria, T.-Monandria. Allied 

 to Cycnoches.) 



Stove orchid. Division ; peat and loam, with char- 

 coal. Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 60. 

 C. ro'sea (rosy). J. White, pink. Brazil. Now re- 

 ferred to Catasetum roseum. 



CLUB-MOSS. Lycopo'dium. 

 CLUB ROOT. See AMBURY. 



CLUMPS, most generally applied to plants grown in 

 patches of several of a sort together. It was only 

 recently that we noted in one large estate that various 

 choice Conifers were planted in clumps, and this allows 

 of some being cut away as the trees advance in growth, 

 besides which they shelter each other when young. 



The occasions on which independent clumps may be 

 applied are many. They are often desirable as beautiful 

 objects in themselves ; they are sometimes necessary 

 to break an extent of lawn, or a continued line, whether 



