CLUSIA 



223 



CNICUS 



of ground, or of plantation ; but, on all occasions, a 

 jealousy of art constantly attends them, which irre- 

 gularity in their figure will not always alone remove. 

 Though elevations show them to advantage, yet a hillock 

 evidently thrown up on purpose to be crowned with a 

 clump is artificial to a degree of disgust. Some of the 

 trees should, therefore, be planted on the sides, to take 

 off that appearance. The same expedient may be 

 applied to clumps placed on the brow of a hill, to inter- 

 rupt its sameness : they will have less ostentation of 

 design if they are, in part, carried down either declivity. 



A line ot clumps, if the intervals be closed by others 

 beyond them, has the appearance of a wood, or of a 

 grove ; and, in one respect, the semblance has an ad- 

 vantage over the reality in different points of view. The 

 relations between the clumps are changed ; and a 

 variety of forms is produced, which no continued wood 

 or grove, however broken, can furnish. These forms 

 cannot all be equally agreeable, and too anxious a 

 solicitude to make them everywhere pleasing may, 

 perhaps, prevent their being ever beautiful. 



The effect must often be left to chance ; but it should 

 be studiously consulted from a few principal points of 

 view ; and it is easy to make any recess, any prominence, 

 any figure in the outline, by clumps thus advancing 

 before, or retiring behind one another. 



CLU SIA. Balsam-tree. (Named after C. de I'Eduse, 

 a French botanist. Nat. ord. Guttifers [Guttiferae]. 

 Linn. 2^-Polyyamia, i-Monacia.) 



Stove evergreen trees ; cuttings of half-ripe shoots 

 in sand, under a glass, and with good bottom-heat ; rich, 

 sandy loam. Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; winter, 50 

 to 55. 



C. a'lba (white-flow ered). 30. White. S. Amer. 1752. 

 brogniartia' na (Brogniartian). White. W. Ind. 



1862. Shrub. 

 fla'va (yellow -flowered) . 30. Yellow. Jamaica. 



1759- 



Jenma'ni (Jenman's). Guiana. 

 Melino'ni (Melinon's). Trop. Amer. 1869. 

 odora'ta (scented). Rosy-pink. August. Central 



Amer. 1869. 

 ro'sea (rose-coloured). 30. Red. July. W. Ind. 



1692. 



tetra'ndra (four-stamened). White. S. Amer. 1820. 

 veno'sa (veiny-leaved). White. S. Amer. 1733. 



CLUY'TIA. (Named after Cluyt, a professor of botany 

 at Leyden. Nat. ord. Euphorbiads [Euphorbiaceas]. 

 Linn. 22-Diacia, ^-Triandria.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs, except where otherwise 

 specified. Cuttings of small side-shoots ; but, if not 

 to be got, points of shoots before they become hard, in 

 sand, over a layer of sandy peat, and covered with glass ; 

 sandy loam and fibrous peat. Summer temp., 55 to 75 ; 

 winter, 40 to 48. The East Indian species require 

 more heat in winter. 

 C. alaternoi' des (alaternus-like). 2. White. July. Cape 



of Good Hope. 1692. 



., colli'na (hill). See CLEISTA'NTHUS COLLI'NUS. 

 daphnoi'des (Daphne-like). 3. White. May. Cape 



of Good Hope. 1731. 

 ericoi'des (heath-like). 2. White. April. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1790. 

 kcterophy'lla (variable-leaved). 3. White. May. 



Cape of Good Hope. 1818. 



pa' tula (spreading). See CLEISTANTHUS PATULUS. 

 polifo'lia (poly-leaved). 2. White. May. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1790. 

 polygonoi'des (polygonum-like). 2. White. April. 



Cape of Good Hope. 1790. 

 ptibe'scens (downy). 3. White. April. Cape of 



Good Hope. 1800. 

 pulche'lla (neat). 2. White. June. Cape of Good 



Hope. 1739- 

 tenuifo'lia (slender-leaved). 3. White. June. Cape 



of Good Hope. 1817. 



tomento'sa (thickly-downy). 3. White. April. 

 Cape of Good Hope. 1812. 



CNEO RUM, Widow's-wail. (An adopted name from 

 Theophrastus, the derivation not explained. Nat. ord. 

 Simarubaceas. Linn. ^-Triandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Cuttings in sand, 



under a glass, in April ; peat and fibrous loam, with a 

 little silver-sand. Winter temp., 40 to 45. 



C. pulverulSntum (powdery). 6. Yellow. June. 



Madeira. 1822. 



trico'ccon (three-grained). 6. Yellow. June. S. 

 Europe. 1793. 



CNE'STIS. (From kneo, to scratch ; referring to the 

 prickly capsules. Nat. ord. Connarads [Connaracea?]. 

 Linn. lo-Decandria, 4-Pentagynia.) 



Stove evergreens. Cuttings of ripe young shoots in 

 sand, under glass, in sweet bottom-heat. Loam and 

 peat ; both fibrous, with sand. Summer temp., 60 to 

 80 ; winter, 50 to 60. 



C. cornicula'ta (small-horned). 10. Purple. Guinea. 



1793- 

 gla'bra (smooth). 10. White, green. Mauritius. 



1823. 

 i, polyphy'lla (many-leaved). 6. Purple. Mauritius. 



1823. 



CNI'CUS. (From chnizein, to injure ; in reference to 

 the prickly character of the plants. Nat. ord. Composite.) 



Biennials from seeds ; perennials by seeds and division. 

 Any garden soil. 



HARDY BIENNIALS. 



C. Aca'rna (Acarna). 2. Purple. August. Spain. 1683. 

 ,, a'fer (African). 2. Purple. June. Greece. 1800. 

 candidi'ssimus (whitest). 10. Rose. Cappadocia. 



1898. 

 Casabo'nte (Casabonas). 2. Purple. July. Italy 



and N. Africa. " Fishbone Thistle." 

 cilia'tus (ciliated). 2. Purple. June. Europe. 



1803. 

 conspi'cuus (conspicuous). 4 to 6. Red, orange. 



September. Mexico. 1825. 

 dtalba'tus (whitened). 3. Purple. July. Caucasus. 



1820. 

 Diaca'ntha (cross-spined). 2. Purple. July. Asia 



Minor. 1800. 

 erio'phorus (wool-bearing). 4. Purple. July. 



Britain. 



fe'rox (fierce). 3. White. July. S. Europe. 1683. 

 inca'nus (hoary). See C. ARVENSIS. 

 ,, lanceola'ius (lance-shaped). 2. Purple. August. 



Britain. " Burr Thistle." 

 lappa'ceus (Burdock-like). 4. Purple. July. 



Caucasus. 1821. 



niva'lis (snowy). 4. Purple. July. Mexico. 1827. 

 palu'stris (marsh). 3105. Purple. August. Britain. 

 pazcuare'nsis (Pazcuara). 3. Purple. July. Mexico. 



1827. 

 pu'ngens (pungent). 3. Purple. July. S. Europe. 



1820. 

 ,, squarro'sus (spreading). 3. Purple. July. Siberia. 



1818. 



Stella' tus (starred). 2. Purple. June. Italy. 1665. 

 strigo'sus (coarsely hairy). 2. Purple. August. 



Caucasus. 1825. 

 Veleno'skyi(Velenosky's). 4 J. Red. Servia. 1896. 



HALF-HARDY BIENNIALS. 



C. Gra'hami (Graham's). 4 to 5. Crimson. Arizona. 



1871. 



mexica'nus (Mexican). 4. White. September. 

 Mexico. 1837. 



HARDY HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS. 

 C. acau'lis (stemless). J. Purple. July. Britain. 

 alti'ssimus (tallest). 6. Purple. August. N. Amer. 



1726. 



ambi'guus (ambiguous). See CN. HETEROPHYLLUS. 

 angula'tus (angled). 2. Purple. July. Switzerland. 



1819. 

 arachnoi' deus (cobweb-like). 2. Purple. July. 



Caucasus. 



arma'tus (armed). Bulgaria. 

 arve'nsis (field). 2 to 4. Purple. July. Britain. 



" Field Thistle." 



ba'ticus (Baetian). 3. Yellow. July. Spain. 1824. 

 benedi'clus (blessed). See CARBENIA BENEDICTA. 



