COCCULUS 



225 



COCHLEARIA 



C. nympkaifo'lia (Nymphaea-leaved). See C. PELTATA. 

 ., obova'ta (reversed-egg-teau-i/). 50. White, green. 



S. Amer. 1824. 



,, obtusifo'lia (blunt-leaved). S- C. MICROSTACHVA. 

 ,, orbicula'ris (round-/;rf). See MUEHLINBFCKIA 



ORBICULARIS. 



pelta'ia (peltate). Brazil. 1858. 



platy'clada (flat-branched). See MUEHLENBECKIA 



PLATYCLADA. 



pubSscens (downy). See C. GRANDIFOLIA. 



,, puncta'ta (dotted). See C. CORONATA. 



., retu'sa (blunt). 30. White, green. W. Ind. 1820. 



rugo'sa (wrinkled). 30. Scarlet. W. Ind. 



tenuifo'lia (narrow- leaved). See C. RETUSA. 



uvi'fera (grape-bearing). 60. White, green. W. Ind. 



1690. 

 ,. vi'rens (green). See C. CORONATA. 



CO'CCULUS. (From coccus, cochineal-colour ; in re- 

 ference to the scarlet colour of the fruit. Nat. ord. 

 Menispermads [Menispennaceas]. Linn. 22-Diacia, 6- 

 Hexundria.) 



Stove evergreen climbers, from the East Indies. The 

 Co'cculus i'ndicus of the druggists' shops is the berry of 

 Anami'rta Co'cculus. Cuttings of half-ripened, small 

 side-shoots, in sandy soil, under a glass ; peat and loam, 

 both fibrous and sandy. Summer temp., 60 to 68 ; 

 winter, 50 to 55. 

 C. caroli'nus (Carolinian). 9. White. Berries scarlet. 



N. Amer. 1759. 

 cordifo'lius (heart-leaved). See TINOSPORA CORDI- 



FOLIA. 



cri'spus (curled). See TINOSPORA CRISPA. 

 diversifo'lius (diverse-leaved). Mexico. 

 heterophy'llus (various-leaved). White. W. China. 



1910. 



,, inca'nus (hoary). See PERICAMPYLUS INCANUS. 

 laurifo'lius (laurel-leaved). 10. White, green. 1816. 

 orbicula,' tus (round-leaved) . See CISSAMPELOS PAREIRA. 

 palma'tus (hand-leaved). See JATEORHIZA MIERSIJ. 

 Plukene'tii (Plukenet's). See PACHYGONE OVATA. 

 populifo'lius (poplar-leaved). See ANAMIRTA COCCU- 

 LUS. 

 rotundifo'lius (round-leaved). 20. White, green. 



1820. 



subero'sus (cork-barked). See ANAMIRTA COCCULUS. 

 tomento'sus (woolly). See TINOSPORA TOMENTOSA. 

 villo'sus (long-haired). 6. Green, yellow. India and 

 Africa. 1800. 



COCCUS. Scale Insect. The species of this family 

 are most usually, but not exclusively, found upon the 

 tenants of our greenhouses and hothouses. The males 

 are active, but the females usually fixed to a part of the 

 plant. The former have wings, and are so small as to 

 require a magnifier to distinguish them clearly: they 

 then appear somewhat like a gnat in form. The females 

 are much larger, and in shape not unlike a bed-bug, but 

 with a scaly skin. When hatching they envelop them- 

 selves in a woolly case. The eggs are oval, but no larger 

 than dots. Brushing the stems and branches of trees 

 and shrubs with a hard scrubbing-brush will destroy 

 many of these vermin ; and, if spirit of turpentine, with 

 a painter's brush, is applied, so as to visit every cranny 

 of the bark, the application is perfectly effectual. Smaller 

 and more delicate plants in pots may be placed under a 

 sea-kale or other cover, with a little of the spirit in a 

 saucer, and then submitted to a gentle heat : the vapour 

 of the turpentine will destroy the insect in an hour or 

 two. If the first application fails, the second will not 

 fail. 



C. adonidum. Mealy Bug. If this insect is attacked 

 the moment the first is seen the pest may be usually 

 avoided. Vines attacked by it should 'have every 

 branch and stem brushed over sedulously with a hard 

 brush, and then with a painter's brush as thoroughly 

 painted over with this mixture : Soft soap, 2 Ibs.'; 

 flowers of sulphur. 2 Ibs. ; tobacco, i Ib. ; and a wine- 

 glass of spirit of turpentine. Mix the sulphur, turpen- 

 tine, and soap into a paste with warm water ; boil the 

 tobacco for an hour in a covered saucepan in some more 

 water, strain it, mix it with the soapy mixture, and 

 then add enough water to make five gallons. More 

 tender plants can only have their stems and leaves sponged 

 with water at a temperature of 115, frequently, and so 



long as a single insect can be detected. The Mealy Bug 

 on pine-apples may be destroyed by shutting these up 

 in a frame, over a bed of hot, fermenting horse-dung. 

 The female is somewhat like a woodlouse in form, 

 but reddish, and covered with a white, mealy powder. 

 The male is slender, gnat-like, with two broad wings, 

 and two brush-like filaments behind. The Cottage 

 Gardttter, v. 157. 



C. vitis. Vine Scale. It preys upon the stems and 

 branches of the grape-vine both in the open air and undei 

 glass. It seems to be the same species which also attacks, 

 occasionally, the peach, nectarine, and plum. It is, says 

 Mr. Curtis, a longish-brown insect, which, in old age, 

 assumes a blackish-brown colour, and becomes hemi- 

 spherical and wrinkled. The females are shield-like, 

 being convex above, and flat, or concave, below. They 

 are furnished with six small legs, which, when the insect 

 is old, become part of the substance of the body. On the 

 under side of the insect is a sucker, with which it pierces 

 the cuticle of the plants, and extracts their juices. Soon 

 after impregnation the female dies, and her body becomes 

 a protection for the eggs, which are covered with long, 

 white wool, and some times completely envelop the shoots 

 of the vines, or of plants growing underneath them. 

 Their powers of propagation are immense ; and, where 

 they once become very numerous, they are exceedingly 

 difficult to eradicate. This species belongs to the true 

 genus Coccus, characterised by the female having a scale 

 inseparable from her body. While young, both sexes 

 are alike ; but the male larva? produce two-winged in- 

 sects, with two tail threads. The females have no 

 wings ; and their dead bodies, beneath which the young 

 are sheltered, remain upon the plants. 



Whilst the leaves are on the vine, if any species of 

 scale appears on its stem and branches, the least offensive 

 remedy is to paint over the whole with a strong solution 

 of gum arabic or starch ; allow it to remain on for a 

 week, and then wash it off. But the most effectual 

 remedy is to brush them over thoroughly twice, after an 

 interval of a day, with spirit of turpentine. To prevent 

 the recurrence of the plague, a very effective mode, in 

 autumn, is to scrape away and burn all the rough bark, 

 and then, with a rough brush, to paint over the stem 

 and branches with a creamy mixture, composed of i Ib. 

 of soft soap, i Ib. of sulphur, and J oz. of black pepper, 

 to four gallons of water ; boil together for twenty 

 minutes, and make it thick enough to adhere to the wood 

 like paint. If it does not, thicken it with lime, adding 

 sufficient soot to take off the glaring white colour of the 

 lime. There are many special preparations for the 

 eradication of all these pests. 



C. bromelia, Pine- Apple Scale, infests that fruit, the 

 hibi'scus, justi'tia, &rc. 



C. hesperidum is found in greenhouses, especially on 

 orange-trees. It infests leaves as well as stems. 



C. ttstudo. Turtle Scale. This is found chiefly on 

 stove plants requiring a high temperature. The scale is 

 oval, very convex, and dark brown. They may be all 

 destroyed by the applications recommended against the 

 preceding species. 



A genus of bisects closely allied to the Coccus, and 

 usually confounded with it, is Aspidiotus ; and, as all 

 remedial observations applicable to the one are equally 

 applicable to the other, the prevailing kinds of it are 

 here enumerated. 



A. nerii, Oleander Scale, is found in our stoves and 

 greenhouses, chiefly on the Oleanders, Palmae, Aloes, 

 and Acacias. 



A. ostreaformis, Pear-tree Oyster Scale, is found upon 

 the pear-tree. 



A. rosce, Rose Scale ; A. echinocacti, Cactus Scale ; 

 A. lauri, Sweet-Bay Scale; infest chiefly the plants by 

 the names of which they are distinguished. 



COCHLEA'RIA. Scurvy-grass. (From kochliarion, a 

 spoon ; in reference to the concave leaves. Nat. ord. 

 Crucifers [Cruciferae]. Linn. i$-Tetr adynamia.) 



Seeds, divisions, and cuttings, the first in the open 

 border. They are of liti.e ornamental interest. Ar- 

 mora'cia is well known as horse-radish. 

 C. acau'lis (stemless). Lilac. April. Portugal. N. 



Africa. 1845. 



alpfna (alpine). J. Flesh. May. Scotland. 

 ., Armora'cia (horse-radish). 3. White. May. England. 

 groenla'ndica (Greenland). See C. ALPINA. 



