DRYNARIA 



DUNG 



D. lepro'sus (scaly). New Guinea. 

 moorea'nus (Moprean). Leaves greyish-green. 1903. 

 olivcefo'rmis (olive-shaped). 30. Amboyna. 

 Ru'mphii (Rumph's). See D. LEPROSUS. 

 Singapore' nsis (Singapore). See PTYCHORAPHIS SINGA- 

 PORENSIS. 



DRYNATHA. (From drus, a tree ; dwelling among 

 trees. Nat. ord. Filices. All are now referred to Poly- 

 podium.) 



A large genus of stove Ferns, with brownish-yellow 

 spores. Allied to Dryostachyum. Division ; peat and 

 loam. Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 55. 

 D. a'lbido-squama'ta (white-scaled). June. Isle of 

 Luzon. 



Billardie'ri (La Billardiere's). i. June. N. Holland. 

 1824. 



ccespito'sa (tufted). April. India. 1841. 



capiiella'ta (small-headed). July. S. Amer. 1822. 



,, coria'cea (leathery). June. India. 1840. 



coro'nans (crowned). June. W. Ind. 



crassifo'lia (thick-leaved). August. W. Ind. 1823. 



cuspidiflo'r a (pointed-flowered). June. Isle of Luzon. 



,, diver sito'lia (various-leaved). July. Australia. 



du'bia (doubtful). June. Isle of Luzon. 



glau'ca (milky-green). Isle of Luzon. 



hemioniti'dea (spleenwort-like). 2. Yellow. March. 

 E. Ind. 1843. 



Horsfte'ldii (Horsfield's). Yellow. Java. 



irioi'des (Iris-like). 3. June. E. Ind. 1824. 



;Mgtendi/o7tttfrt(Juglans-leaved). ij. May. S. Amer. 

 1822. 



leiorhi'za (smooth-rooted). March. E. Ind. 



,, lomarioi'des (Lomaria-like). Isle of Luzon. 



lo'ngifrons (long-fronded). Isle of Luzon. 



lo'ngipes (long-stalked). E. Ind. 1823. 



longi'ssima (longest-leaved). Isle of Luzon. 



,, lorifo'rmis (strap-like). March. E. Ind. 



negle'cta (neglected). Isle of Luzon. 



,, norma'lis (normal). March. Nepaul. 



palma'ta (hand-shaped). Isle of Luzon. 



,, plantagi'nea (plantain-like). June. E. Ind. 1842. 



propi'nqua (allied). May. E. Ind. 



pustula'ta (pimpled), i. March. Manilla. 1840. 



quercifo'lia (oak-leaved), ij. March. Isle of Luzon. 

 1824. 



ru'bida (red). Isle of Luzon. 



rupe'stris (rock). Isle of Luzon. 



,, sesquipeda'lis (foot-and-a-half). May. Nepaul. 



stenophy'lla (narrow- leaved). March. Java. 



subfalca'ta (rather-sickle-shape). Isle of Luzon. 



,, tenuilo'ris (slender- thonged). Mindanao. 



,, undula'ia (waved-leaved) . Isle of Luzon. 



,, vulga'ris (common). March. W. Ind. 1816. 



Walli'chii (Wallich's). March. E. Ind. 



DRYOBATANOPS. Camphor-tree. (From drus, a 

 tree, and ballo, to flow ; from the tree yielding much sap. 

 Nat. ord. Lindenblooms [Tiliaceae]. Linn. i$-Polyandria, 

 i-Monogynia.) 



A stove tree, which produces the chief of the natural 

 camphor imported. We say natural camphor, because 

 camphor is now manufactured from turpentine. 

 D. aroma' tica (aromatic). 100. Yellow. Indian Archi- 

 pelago. 

 ,, Ca'mphora (camphor). See D. AROMATICA. 



DRYO'PTEEIS SAGITTIFO'LIA. See NEPHRODIUM 



SAGITT^FOLIUM. 



DRYOSTA'CHYUM. (From drus, a tree, and stachus, 



a spike. A genus of stove Ferns, with yellow spores. 



Allied to Drynaria and, like that, referred to Polypodium.) 



Divisions ; peat and loam. Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; 



winter, 50 to 55. 



D. cauda'tum (tailed). May. Celebes. 1842. 

 pilo'sum (hairy). May. Isle of Luzon. 1841. 

 sple'ndens (shining). May. Isle of Luzon. 1842. 



DRY PETES CRO CEA. See XVLOSMA NITIDUM. 



DRY'PIS. (From drupto, to lacerate ; leaves armed 

 with spines. Nat. ord. Cloveworts [Caryophyllaceas]. 

 Linn. s-Pentandria, 3-Trigynia. Allied to Acantho- 

 phyllum.) 



Hardy evergreen. Seeds ; cuttings under a hand-light 

 in the early summer months ; requires a dry situation, 

 and equal portions of loam, peat, and rough sand. 

 D. spino'sa (prickly). J. Pale blue. June. Italy. 1775. 



DRY-STOVE is a hothouse devoted to the culture of 

 such plants as require a high degree of heat, but a drier 

 atmosphere than the tenants of the Bark-stove. Conse- 

 quently, fermenting materials and open tanks of hot 

 water are inadmissible ; but the sources of heat are 

 either steam or hot-water pipes or flues. See STOVE. 



DUABA'NGA. (Probably a native name. Nat. ord. 

 Lythraceae.) 



Stove evergreen shrub. Cuttings of firm side-shoots 

 in spring or autumn, in a close case, with bottom-heat. 

 Fibrous loam, peat, and sand. 



D. sonneratioi'des (Sonneratia-like). 12. Red. July. 

 India. 1818. 



DUBBING is a gardener's term for clipping. The 

 dubbings of a hedge are the parts clipped off with the 

 shears. 



DUCK'S-FOOT. PodopHy'llum. 



DUGUE'TIA. (A commemorative name. Nat. ord. 

 Anonacea?.) 



A stove evergreen tree. Cuttings of ripe wood in 

 sand in a close case, with strong bottom-heat. Good 

 fibrous loam and sand. 



D. longifo'lia (long-leaved). 20. Yellow, green. Guiana 

 and Peru. 1820. 



DUMA'SIA. (Named after M. Dumas, one of the 

 editors of Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Nat. ord. 

 Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae]. Linn. ij-Diadelphia, 

 4-Decandria. Allied to Clitoria.) 



Greenhouse evergreen twiners, from Nepaul, both 

 introduced in 1824. Seeds sown in a hotbed, in spring ; 

 cuttings of young shoots getting firm, under a glass, and 

 in sand, in a little bottom-heat, in April ; sandy peat and 

 fibrous loam. Summer temp., 55 to 75 ; winter, 45 

 to 50. 



D. pube'scens (downy). See D. VILLOSA. 

 villo'sa (long-haired). 6. Pale yellow. October. 



DUMB-CANE. Dieffenba'chia Segui'ne. 

 DUMERTLIA PANICULA'TA. See JUNGIA FERRU- 



GINEA. 



DUNG. Under this title our attention must be confined 

 to the fasces and urines of animals, and that one most 

 common compound, stable-dung. 



Night-soil is the richest of these manures. It is com- 

 posed of human faeces and urine, of which the constituents 

 are as follows : Faces. Water, 73.3 ; vegetable and 

 animal remains, 7 ; bile, o.q ; albumen, 0.9 ; peculiar and 

 extractive matter, 1.2 ; salts (carbonate of soda, common 

 salt, sulphate of soda, ammonia-phosphate of magnesia, 

 and phosphate of lime), 2.7 ; insoluble residue, 14.0. 

 Urine. Urate of ammonia, 0.298 ; sal-ammoniac, 0.459 ; 

 sulphate of potash, 2.112 ; chloride of potassium, 3.674 ; 

 chloride of sodium (common salt), 15.060 ; phosphate of 

 soda, 4.267 ; phosphate of lime, 0.209 > acetate of soda, 

 2.770 ; urea and colouring matter, 23.640 ; water and 

 lactic acid, 47.511. 



After stating the above analyses in his excellent work 

 On Fertilizers, Mr. Cuthbert Johnson proceeds to observe, 

 that the very chemical composition, therefore, of this 

 compost would indicate the powerful fertilising effects 

 which it is proved to produce. The mass of easily 

 soluble and decomposable animal matters and salts of 

 ammonia with which it abounds, its phosphate of lime, 

 its carbonate of soda, are all by themselves excellent 

 fertilisers, and must afford a copious supply of food to 

 plants. 



The disagreeable smell may be destroyed by mixing it 

 with quick-lime, or still better with either chloride or 

 sulphate of lime ; and if exposed to the atmosphere in 

 thin layers in fine weather, it speedily dries, is easily 

 pulverised, and in this state may be used in the same 

 manner as rape-cake, and delivered into the furrow with 

 the seed. 



