ENCHANTERS 



321 



ENKIANTHUS 



E. M'Ke'nii (W Ken's). See MACROZAMIA PAULI- 



GUILIELMI. 



Moo'rei (Moore's). See MACROZAMIA MOOREI. 



plumo'sus (plumy). S. Africa. 1869. 



pruni'ferus (plum-bearing). 14. Country unknown. 



pu'ngens (pricking). 10. S. Africa. 1775- 



u rega'lis (regal). Zululand. 1879. Scarcely distinct 



from E. HUdebrandtii. 

 spinulo'sus (finely-spiny). S. Africa. 1849. Very 



close to E. Lehmanni or a variety. 

 tridenta'tus (three-toothed). 2. S. Africa. 1814. 

 Verschaffe'ltii (Verschaffelt's). S. Africa. 1875. 

 ,, villo'sus (woolly). 4. S. Africa. 1866. 

 ,, amplia'tus (ampliated). 1874. 

 Vroo'mi (Vroom's). S. Africa. 1871. 

 Woo'dii (Wood's), ij. Zululand. 1908. 



ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE. Circa' a. 

 ENCHOLI'RION. See DYCKIA. 



ENCHOLI'RIUM CORALLI'NTJM SPLENDENS. See 



TILLANDSIA CORALLINA variety. 



E. Jo'nghei. See TILLANDSIA JONGHEI. 



ro'seum. See TILLANDSIA CORALLINA. 



Saunde'rsii. See TILLANDSIA SAUNDERSII. 



ENCY'CLIA. See EPIDENDRUM. 

 E'NDERA. See TACCARUM. 



ENDIVE. (Cicho'rium Endi'via.) Used in salads. 



Varieties. The green-curled is cultivated for the main 

 crops, as it best endures wet and cold ; the white-curled, 

 chiefly grown for summer and autumn ; the broad-leaved, 

 or Batavian, is preferred for soups and stews, but is 

 seldom used for salads. 



Soil and Situation. A light, dry, but rich soil, dug 

 deep and unshaded. It is best to form an artificial bed 

 by laying a foot in depth of earth on a bed of brickbats, 

 stones, &c. 



Sowing. For a first crop about the middle of April, 

 to be repeated in May, but only in small portions, as 

 those which are raised before June soon advance to 

 seed. Towards the middle of June the first main crop 

 may be sown, again in the course of July, and lastly, 

 early in August ; and in this month the main plantation 

 is made. Sow in drills twelve inches apart, and about 

 a quarter of an inch below the surface. When an inch 

 in height, thin the plants to three or four inches apart : 

 those taken away are too small to be of any service if 

 pricked out. Give water freely in dry weather. 



When the larger seedlings have been transplanted, the 

 smaller ones which remain should have a gentle watering, 

 and in twelve or fourteen days they will afford a second 

 successional crop ; and, by a repetition of this manage- 

 ment, in general, a third. The plants are generally fit 

 for transplanting when of a month's growth in the 

 seed-bed, or when five or six inches high. 



Planting. Set them in rows twelve or fifteen inches 

 apart each way ; the Batavian requires the greatest 

 space. Water must be given moderately every evening 

 until the plants are established, after which only in 

 excessive and protracted drought. Those which are left 

 in the seed-bed, in general, attain a finer growth than 

 those that have been moved. In November, some plants 

 that have attained nearly their full size may be removed 

 to the south side of a sloping bank of dry, light earth, 

 raised one or two feet behind ; to be protected by frames, 

 mats, or thick coverings of litter, during severe and very 

 wet weather ; but to be carefully uncovered during mild, 

 dry days. The plants, in this instance, are not required 

 to be further apart than six or eight inches. This plan 

 may be followed in open days during December and 

 January, by which means a constant supply may be 

 obtained. Instead of being planted in the above manner 

 on a terrace, another method is to take the plants on a 

 dry day, and the leaves being tied together, to lay them 

 horizontally in the earth down to the tip of the leaves ; 

 this accelerates the blanching, but otherwise is far more 

 subject to failure. As the number necessary for a family 

 is but small, but few should be planted at a time. 



Blanching. About three months elapse between the 

 time of sowing and the fitness of the plants for blanching. 

 This operation will be completed in from ten to fourteen 

 days in summer, or in three or four weeks in winter. 



To blanch the plants tie their leaves together ; or place 

 tiles or pieces of board upon them, or tie their leaves 

 together, and cover them to their tips with mould, 

 making it rise to a point, so as to throw off excessive 

 rains. All these methods succeed in dry seasons, but 

 in wet ones the plants, treated according to any of them, 

 are liable to decay. 



The one which succeeds best in all seasons is to fold 

 the leaves round the heart as much as possible in their 

 natural position ; and, being tied together with a shred 

 of raffia, covered up entirely with coal-ashes in the form 

 of a cone, the surface being rendered firm and smooth 

 with the trowel. Sand will do, but ashes are equally 

 unretentiye of moisture, whilst they are much superior 

 in absorbing heat, which is so beneficial in the hastening 

 of the process. If the simple mode of drawing the 

 leaves together is adopted to effect this blanching, they 

 must be tied very close, and, in a week after the first 

 tying, a second ligature must be passed round the middle 

 of the plant to prevent the heart-leaves bursting out. 

 A dry afternoon, when the plants are entirely free from 

 moisture, should be selected, whichever mode is adopted. 



A very excellent mode is to spread over the surface of 

 the bed about an inch in depth of pit-sand, and covering 

 each plant with a small pot made of earthenware, painted 

 both within and on the outside to exclude the wet 

 that worst hindrance of blanching. To avoid this, the 

 pots should be taken off daily to allow the plants to dry, 

 and the insides of the pots wiped. A sea-kale pot in 

 miniature, with a handle on the top, is to be preferred ; 

 and if made of zinc or other metal, it would be better, 

 because not porous and admissive of moisture. 



To obtain Seed. The finest and soundest plants should 

 be selected of the last plantation. For a small family 

 three or four plants of each variety will be sufficient. 

 Plant these in March beneath a south fence, about a 

 foot from it, and eighteen inches apart. As the flower- 

 stem advances, fasten it to a stake, or, if they are placed 

 beneath palings, by a string, to be gathered as the seed 

 upon it ripens ; for if none are gathered until the whole 

 j plant is changing colour, the first ripened and best seed 

 will have scattered and be lost. Each branch must be 

 laid, as it is cut, upon a cloth in the sun ; and when 

 perfectly dry, the seed beaten out, cleansed, and stored. 



ENGELMA'NNIA. (Named in compliment to Professor 

 Engelmann, an American botanist. Nat. ord. Com- 

 posite.) 



A hardy border perennial to be sown in the open 

 garden in April, or divisions in March. 

 E. pinnati'fida (pinnatifid). i to 2. Yellow. July. 

 N.W. Amer. 1879. 



ENGINE. This name is applied to many contrivances 

 for supplying water to plants. 



1. The pump-syringe, or syringe-engine, can be sup- 

 plied with water from a common bucket, from which it 

 sucks the water through a perforated base. The handle 

 is sometimes made to work like that of the common 

 pump. 



2. The barrow watering-engine, a most useful garden 

 appliance, will throw the jet of water to a distance 

 of forty or fifty feet, or somewhat less if a rose is upon 

 the end of the delivery-pipe. It holds from twenty to 

 thirty gallons of water ; but may be made, with a leather- 

 hose attached, to communicate with a pond or other 

 reservoir of water. 



3. The curved barrel-engine is excellent ; for the barrel, 

 piston-rods, &c., being so constructed as to be turned 

 on a lathe, they are so accurate that there is the least 

 possible loss of power, either from unnecessary friction 

 or from an imperfect vacuum. 



ENICOSTEMA. (From enikos, single, and sterna, a 

 fibre. Nat. ord. Gentianaceae.) 



Stove biennial. Seeds in spring. Light, rich soiL 

 E. littora'le (shore), i to ij. White or pale yellow. July. 

 Tropical regions. 1817 



ENKIA'NTHUS. (From enkuos, enlarged, and anthos, 

 a flower ; the flowers swollen in the middle. Nat. ord. 

 Heathworts [Ericaceae]. Linn. lo-Decandria, i-Monogynia. 

 Allied to Arbutus.) 



Greenhouse or hardy evergreen shrubs. Cuttings of 

 firm young shoots in sand, under a hand-light, in April 

 or May ; a bell-glass is too close, unless a little air is 



