FALLOWING 



FELICIA 



vernal growth ; but the mass of their foliage is not re- 

 jected till late in the season. Those, on the other hand, 

 which are named evergreens, part with their leaves much 

 more slowly ; retain them in health at the time when 

 the leaves of other plants are perishing ; and do not 

 cast them till a new spring has commenced, when other 

 trees are leafing, or even later. In the latter class, the 

 function of the leaves is going on during all the winter, 

 although languidly ; they are constantly attracting sap 

 from the earth through the root hairs, and are therefore 

 in a state of slow but continual winter growth. 



Microscopical examination of the base of a leaf-stalk 

 shows the presence of a layer of cells in course of de- 

 velopment all through the season, and these in autumn 

 or at the time of the fall of the leaf assume the nature of 

 cork, so that when this is complete, only the woody 

 fibres connect the leaf with the tree, and these are easily 

 snapped by the wind or even by a sharp frost at night 

 in the case of the Ash, Horse-Chestnut, and many others. 

 The fall of the leaf is thus predestined from the commence- 

 ment of growth. 



FALLOWING is needless where there is a due supply 

 of manure, and a sufficient application of the spade, fork, 

 and hoe to the soil. Fallowing can have no other 

 beneficial- influence than by destroying weeds, aiding 

 the decomposition of offensive exuviae, exposing the soil 

 to the disintegrating influence of the air, and accumu- 

 lating in it decomposing matter. Now all these effects 

 can be produced by judicious manuring, and a constant 

 application of the hoe and fork. 



FALSE BLOSSOM is the very erroneous name applied 

 sometimes to the male flowers, which, containing only 

 stamens, do not produce fruit, yet are essential for 

 causing fruitfulness in what gardeners call the true 

 blossoms which contain the pistils. 



FALLU'GIA. (Named after Fallugius, an Italian 

 botanist of the seventeenth century. Nat. ord. Rosaceae.) 



A handsome, hardy, or nearly hardy shrub. Seeds ; 

 cuttings of half-ripe, leafy shoots in summer in a close 

 frame. Well-drained garden soil. 



F. par ado' xa (paradoxical). 3 to 4. White. July. 

 California, &c. 1877. 



FAN PAUL Co'rypha. 



FARADA'YA. (Named in compliment to Professor 

 Faraday. Nat. ord. Verbenacese.) 



Stove climbing plants. Seeds; cuttings of half-ripe 

 wood in sand in a close case, with bottom-heat. Good 

 fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 F. papua'na (Papuan). White. New Guinea. 1884. 

 sple'ndida (splendid). White, sweet-scented, in 

 terminal panicles. Australia. 1890. 



FARA'MEA. (The derivation has not been explained ; 

 probably a commemorative one. Nat. ord. Cinchonads 

 [Rubiaceae]. Linn. ^-Triandria, i-Monogynia. Allied 

 to the Coffee-tree.) 



A sweet-scented stove evergreen bush, long known in 

 our gardens as Tetrame'rium. Cuttings of firm young 

 shoots in May, in sand, under a bell-glass, in bottom-heat ; 

 peat and loam, both fibrous, with silver-sand, and lumps 

 of charcoal. 



F. odorati'ssima (most-fragrant). 6. White. S. Amer. 

 1793- 



FARFU'GIUM GIGANTE'UM and F. GRA'NDE. See 



SENECIO KMPFERI AUREO-MACULATUS. 



FARINA, a name for the pollen or fertilising dust pro- 

 duced by the anthers, or male organs, of a flower. 



FARMYARD MANURE. See DUNG. 



FARSF/TIA. (Named after Farseti, an Italian botanist. 

 Nat. ord. Crucifers [Cruciferae]. Linn. is-Tetradynamia. 

 Allied to Alyssum.) 



Hardy annuals sow in border, in March or April ; 

 hardy perennials, by division and seeds ; half-hardy 

 evergreens, by cuttings under a hand-light, in May, in 

 sandy loam. Sandy loam ; good for rock-works and 

 mounds. The half-hardy should have the protection of 

 a pit in winter. 



HARDY. 



F. cheiranthifo'lia (wallflower-leaved). See F. CLYPEATA. 

 clypea'ta (buckler-podded), ij. Yellow. July. S. 

 Europe. 1596. Herbaceous perennial. 



HALF-HARDY EVERGREENS. 



F. 



'ptia (Egyptian), i. White. Purple. July. 



Kgypt. 1788. 

 cheiranthoi'des (stock-like). See F. .EGYPTIA. 

 erioca'rpa (woolly-fruited), i. Yellow. July. Asia 



Minor. 1820. 

 lunarioi'des (Lunaria-like). i. Yellow. July. Grecian 



Archipelago. 1731. 

 suffrutico'sa (sub-shrubby), i. Violet. April. Persia. 



1823. 



FASCICLE is the name applied to flowers on small 

 stalks variously subdivided and attached to one flower- 

 stem, and collected into a close bundle, level at the top, 

 as in the Sweet William. 



FA'TSIA. (Derived from the Japanese name Fatsi, 

 applied to F. japo'nica. Nat. ord. Araliaceae.) 



Evergreen shrubs or small trees. F. horrida is hardy, 

 while F. japo'nica is also hardy as far north as London 

 if sheltered from strong winds in winter. Rice-paper is 

 made from the pith of F. papynfera by the Chinese. 

 The last two are handsome plants for subtropical garden- 

 ing. F. japonica makes a good window plant. Seeds ; 

 cuttings and occasionally suckers. Well-drained garden 

 soil. 

 F. ko'rrida (spiny). 6 to 12. White. Stem covered with 



yellow spines. N.W. Amer. 1829. 

 japo'nica (Japanese). White. Japan. 1858. 

 au'reo-margina'ta (golden-edged). Leaves edged 



yellow. 

 au'reo-rcticula'ta (golden-netted). Leaves netted 



with yellow. 1870. 

 variega'ta (variegated). Leaves with white 



variegation. 



papyri' fer a (paper-bearing). 7. Green. China. 1852. 

 Greenhouse. " Rice-paper Tree." 



FEABERRY. A local name for the Gooseberry. 

 FEATHERS. See ANIMAL MATTERS. 



FE'DIA. (A word of unknown origin. Nat. ord. 

 Valerianworts [Valerianaceae]. Linn. 2-Diandria, i- 

 Monogynia. Allied to Centranthus.) 



Hardy annuals. Seeds hi the open border, hi April. 

 F. Cornuco'pia (cornucopia-/rwifed). i. Red. July. 



S. Europe. 1796. " Horn of Plenty." 

 candidi'ssima (whitest). White. 1895. 

 fioribu'nda ple'na (free-flowering-double). Pink. 



Double. 



graciliflo'ra (slender-flowered). See F. CORNUCOPIA. 

 rupe'stris (rock). See PATRINIA RUPESTRIS. 



FEE A NA'NA. See TRICHOMANES BOTRYOIDES. 

 FEE'A SPICA'TA. See TRICHOMANES SPICATUM. 



FEUO'A. (A commemorative name. Nat. ord. 

 Myrtaceae.) 



An evergreen shrub or small tree, that will live and 

 bloom on a warm wall hi the latitude of London ; further 

 north it requires the protection of a greenhouse. Fruit 

 guava-like, aromatic, edible. Seeds ; cuttings of half- 

 ripe wood hi sand, in heat. Fibrous loam with some 

 peat and sand. 



F. sellowia'na (Sellowian). White outside, blood-red 

 inside. Brazil and Uruguay. 1898. 



FELI'CIA. (From felix, happy ; from their cheerful 

 appearance. Nat. ord. Composites [Compositae]. Linn. 

 iq-Syngenesia, 2-Frustranea. Allied to Aster.) 



Natives of South Africa. Annuals, sown in open border, 

 in April ; evergreens require the protection of a cool 

 greenhouse, and may be easily raised by cuttings under 

 a hand-light, in May ; soil, chiefly sandy loam. 



HARDY ANNUALS. 



F. fra'gilis (fragile). Violet. June. 1769. 

 tene'lla (delicate). See F. FRAGILIS. 



