FERONIA 



353 



FERULA 



nearly every afternoon, about three o'clock, have a 

 gentle syringing, shutting them up close afterwards. As 

 soon as the nights begin to be cold iu September, remove 

 them back again into the stove, and give them an extra 

 supply of water for a short time, till they become used 

 to the drier atmosphere. 



Winter Culture. Temperature, 60 maximum, and 

 55 minimum by day ; 52 by night. During this season, 

 rather less water will be required. Remove all decaying 

 fronds, and give them a top-dressing in December. This 

 will carry them through till the potting season arrives in 



March. 



Insects 

 on them 



j. The green fly and thrips will frequently appear 

 . Smoking with tobacco will destroy them both. 



GREENHOUSE FERNS. 



Propagation. The same methods of increase suit the 

 greenhouse varieties, and also the same compost. The 

 only difference is in the temperature. In summer they 

 may be set out of doors with the rest of the greenhouse 

 inhabitants, and brought into it as soon as there is any 

 danger of frost. The great advantage of growing Ferns 

 in a greenhouse is, that they fill up many a corner where 

 nothing else will grow. 



HARDY FERNS. 



Propagation: by Division. All that produce side- 

 shoots may be increased by division. If they are planted 

 out in a bed, or on rock-work, they should b taken up 

 and divided into pieces, with a portion of earth to each. 

 They may be replanted ; but a better plan is to pot 

 them, and place them in a cold frame, kept close, and 

 shaded till they make fresh roots and fronds. Scarce 

 kinds may be increased by spores. Even the rare Woo'dsia 

 ilve'nsis has been increased by spores. Something of the 

 same method as that described for stove Ferns must be 

 adopted for hardy ones. If some small sand-stones be 

 placed in a damp, shady place, and the Fern spores be 

 scattered upon them, and then be covered with a hand- 

 glass, the spores will germinate, and the stones will be 

 covered with Ferns. For the more rare kinds a little 

 extra care will be necessary. Sow them upon rough 

 pieces of dead turf, place them under a hand-glass, in a 

 situation where they can have a close, warm, moist 

 atmosphere ; a cold frame, kept close hi summer, will 

 answer admirably. 



Culture. Hardy Ferns are found in various situations, 

 and, consequently, require various modes of treatment. 

 Some grow on rocks in exposed situations ; others in 

 boggy, moist ground ; some grow on hedge-banks and 

 shady woods, whilst others, again, grow near waterfalls, 

 where the spray keeps them constantly moist. To 

 succeed in cultivating all these in one place, an approxi- 

 mation must be made to the circumstances in which they 

 are found wild. A low, moist soil, at the foot of a bank 

 of rock-work, will suit those found in a similar situation ; 

 the lower part of rock will suit those found on hedge- 

 banks. Those found in shady woods may be planted on 

 the north side of the rock-work, near to the ground ; 

 whilst those that grow wild on exposed rocks, or old walls, 

 may be placed near the top of the rock-work in chinks 

 between the stones. The most difficult to manage are 

 those found within the reach of the spray of a waterfall. 

 The only way to succeed tolerably with these is to place 

 them so as they can be covered with a hand-glass in the 

 shady side of the rock, and to keep them moist by 

 sprinkling them every day through the rose of a watering- 

 pot, protecting them in winter by a covering of matting 

 thrown over the hand-glass hi frosty weather. 



FERO'NIA. (After Feronia, the goddess of the groves . 

 Nat. ord. Citronworts [Rutaceae]. Linn. lO-Decandria, 

 i-Monogynia. Allied to the Orange.) 



The young leaves, when bruised, are said to be de- 

 liciously fragrant ; the flowers and wood also partake 

 of the fragrance of the orange and citron. Stove ever- 

 green. Cuttings of ripe young shoots in spring or 

 summer, in sandy peat, under a bell-glass, and hi bottom- 

 heat ; loam, peat, rotten dung, and a little sand. Summer 

 temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 48 to 55. 



F. elepha'ntum (elephant-apple). 4. Blush. April. 

 . Ind. 1804. 



FERRA'RIA. (Named after Forrari, an Italian bota- 

 nist. Nat. ord. Irids [Iridaceae]. Linn., i6-Monadelphia, 

 i-Triandria. Allied to Pardanthus.) 



Very dwarf bulbs, from the Cape of Good Hope. 

 Seeds sov/a when ripe, or kept dry until the following 

 spring ; offsets, which are plentifully produced ; sandy 

 loam and a little peat ; bulbs to be kept dry after the 

 leaves have withered ; fresh potted when they begin to 

 move, and then supplied with moisture. If planted on 

 a warm border, placed at least six inches deep, and the 

 soil and young shoots protected from frost, they may be 

 grown in the open ground. 

 F. angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). See F. ANTHEROSA 



ANGUSTIIOLIA. 



anthero'sa (forg^-anthered). J. Green, brown. June. 



1800. 

 angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). J. Brown. June. 



1825. 



,, atra'ta (darkened). J. Dark purple. June. 

 divarica'ta (straggling). \. Brown. June. 1825. 

 elonga'ta (elongated). Dark purple. July. Monte 



Video. 1828. 



Ferrari'ola (Ferrariola). See F. ANTHEROSA. 

 obtusifo'lia (blunt-leaved). $. Brown. June. 1825. 

 Pavo'nia (Pavonia). See TIGRIDIA PAVONIA. 

 Tigri'dia (Tigridia). See TIGRIDIA PAVONIA. 

 tricu'spis (three-pointed). See MOR^A TRICUSPIS. 

 uncina'ta (hooked). |. Brown. June. 1825. 

 undula' ta (wavy-leaved]. J. Green, brown. April. 



1775- 

 viridiflo'ra (green-flowered). Sec F. ANTHEROSA. 



FE RREOLA BUXIFO LIA. See MABA BUXIFOLIA. 



FE'RULA. Giant Fennel. (Pliny's name for this 

 plant. Nat. ord. Umbellifers [Umbellifera]. Linn. 5- 

 Peniandria, 2-Digynia. Allied to Heradeum.) 



The Giant Fennels, like the Cow Parsnips, are pecu- 

 liarly well fitted to form striking contrasts near water, on 

 banks, or by the recesses of rock-work in gardens, besides 

 their interest as furnishing assafoetida from the milky 

 juice of F. Narthex, F. faetida, &c. Hardy herbaceous 

 perennials, with yellow flowers, except where otherwise 

 specified. Seed in spring ; common garden-soil. 

 F. ammoni'aca (ammoniac). 6. White. June. Persia. 

 1831. 



Assafce' tida (assafcatida). 7. July. Persia. 



au'rea (golden). See PEUCEDANUM AURBUM. 



campe'stris (field). See F. FERULAGO. 



capitta'ris (hair-like). 4. June. Spain. 1820. 



ca'spica (Caspian). 3. July. Caucasus. 1819. 



commu'nis (common). 13. July. S. Europe. 1597. 



brevifo'lia (short- leaved). Leaf segments shorter. 

 Mediterranean region. 1907. 



Ferula'go (Ferulago). 6. July. S. Europe. 



foe tida (fetid). Turkestan. 1877. 



fcetidi'ssima (most fetid). Yellowish-white, small. 

 Turkestan. 1878. 



galbani'fiua (galbanum-yielding). Persia. " Gal- 

 banum Plant." 



glau'ca (milky-green). 8. July. Italy. 1596. 



Li'nkii (Link's). Canary Islands. 



longifo'lia (long-leaved). 4. July. Siberia. 1820. 



meoi'des (Meum-like). 3. July. Levant. 1810. 



Meye'ri (Meyer's). 4. July. Central Asia. 1816. 



,, monti'cola (mountain-dwelling). Greece. 



N'arthex (Narthex). 6 to 8. Green. July. Orient 

 " Devil's dung." 



,, nodiflo'ra (node-flowered). Mediterranean region. 



nu'da (naked), i. July. Siberia. 1821. 



nudicau' Us (naked-stemmed). January. Sicily. 1825. 



obtusifo'lia (blunt-leaved). See MALABAILA OBTUSI- 



FOLIA. 



orienta'lis (eastern). 3. July. Levant. 1759. 



pauci'juga (tevr-pziied-leaved). See JOHRENIA CAN- 



DOLLEI. 



,, pefrsica (Persian). 6. August. Persia. 1782. 

 Pola'ki (Polak's). See F. NARTHEX. 

 ,, pube'scens (downy). See CACHRYS ODONTALGICA. 

 ,, sa'ncta (sacred). See F. TINGITANA. 

 sibt'rica (Siberian). See F. MEYERI. 

 soonga'rica (Soongarian). August. Siberia. 1825. 

 stricta (erect). 2. July. Cape of Good Hope. 1818. 

 Sv'mbul (Sumbul). 9. Summer. Turkestan. 1872. 



" SumbuL" 



