FORMICA 



359 



FRAMES 



FORMICA. See ANT. 



FORRE'STIA. (Commemorative of P. Forrest, a 

 botanist of the seventeenth century. Nat. ord. Com- 

 melinaceae.) 



Stove perennials with showy flowers. Cuttings of 

 shoots getting firm, in sand, under a bell-glass or in a 

 propagating case, with gentle bottom-heat. Fibrous 

 loam with an equal part of leaf-mould and well-decayed 

 cow manure and sand. 

 F. Hooke'ri (Hooker's). 3. Purplish, in heads. E. Ind. 



1864. 

 margina'ta (margined). 3. Purple, Java. 



FORSY'THIA. (In honour of Mr. Forsyth, royal 

 gardener at Kensington. Nat. ord- Oliveworts [Oleaceae]. 

 Linn. 2-Diandria, i-Monogyniz. Allied to Fontanesia.) 

 Hardy deciduous shrubs. Cuttings or layers; com- 

 mon, sandy loam. 



F. europa'a (European). 3105. Yellow. Albania. 1903. 

 Foriu'nei (Fortune's). See F. SUSPENSA. 

 suspe'nsa (hanging-down). Yellow. China. 

 viridi'ssima (greenest). 10. Yellow. March. N. 

 China. 1845. 



FORSYTE'S PLAISTER, for healing the wounds and 

 restoring to vigour decayed trees, was as follows : One 

 bushel of fresh cow-dung ; half a bushel of lime-rubbish 

 (that from ceilings of rooms is preferable), or powdered 

 chalk ; half a bushel of wood-ashes ; one-sixteenth of a 

 bushel of sand; the last three to be sifted fine. The 

 whole to be mixed and beaten together until they form a 

 fine plaister. There is nothing in this compound suffi- 

 ciently differing from others recommended by his con- 

 temporaries and predecessors to have entitled him to 

 call it his invention. 



FORTUNES A. (Named in compliment to Mr. Fortune, 

 botanical collector in China. Nat. ord. Juglands 

 [Juglandacese]. Linn. 2i-Moncecia, g-Polyandria.) See 

 PLATYCARYA. 

 F. chine' nsis (Chinese). See PLATYCARYA STROBILACEA. 



FOTHERGILLA. (Named after Dr. FothergUl. Nat. 

 ord. Witch-Hazels [Hamamelidaceae]. Linn. i2-Icosan- 

 dria, z-Digynia.) 



Hardy little shrubs, from North America ; their white, 

 sweet-scented flowers appearing before the leaves. Seeds, 

 which frequently ripen in this country, sown in spring, 

 in a peat border, or in pans, and transplanted ; layers 

 in March and August ; sandy, moist peat. 

 F. Garde'ni (Garden's). 4. May. 1765. Syn. F. 



alnifolia. 



acu ta (acute-leaved). 4. June. 1765. 

 ,, via' for (larger). 4. May. 1765. 

 obtu'sa (blunt-leaved). 4. June. 1765. 

 ,, sero'tina (late-flowering). 4. August. 1765. 

 monti'cola (mountain-dwelling), i to 2. White. N. 

 Amer. 1909. Seems identical with F. Gardeni 

 major. 



FOUGEROU'XIA. See BALTIMORA. 



FOUNTAINS, or, as they are sometimes called, Jets 

 d'eau, surprise by their novelty, and the surprise is pro- 

 portioned to the height to which they throw the water ; 

 but these perpendicular columns of water have no pre- 

 tence to beauty. The Emperor fountain at Chatsworth 

 is the most surprising in the world, for it tosses its waters 

 to a height of 267 feet, impelled by a fall from a reservoir 

 381 feet above the ajutage, or mouth of the pipe from 

 which it rushes into the air. The supply of water, 

 either naturally or artificially, is brought from a higher 

 level than the discharging pipe ; but the water will not 

 rise so high as the level from whence it came, which is 

 owing to the resistance of the air at the discharging 

 point, its own gravity, and the friction of the sides of 

 the pipe in which it is conveyed. Whatever be the form 

 in which the water is discharged, if it is designed to 

 throw it up in a perpendicular direction, the pipe must 

 be so narrowed where the water issues out as not to be 

 above one-fourth the diameter of the conducting pipe. 



FOUQUIE'RIA. (Commemorative of Peter Edward 

 Fouquier, M.D., a French doctor. Nat. ord. Tamari- 

 caceae.) 



Cool stove or intermediate house shrubs. Cuttings of 



half-mature wood, in sand, in a close case. Fibrous loam 



and peat, with sand. 



F. columna'ris (columnar). Flowers small. Stem 



pyramidal. Mexico. 1899. 



,, formo'sa (beautiful). 6 to 10. Scarlet. Mexico. 

 ,, spino'sa (spiny). 12. Scarlet. Mexico. 

 sple'ndens (splendid). 6-20. Scarlet. New Mexico ; 

 S.W. United States. 



FOURCRO'YA. See FURCRJEA. 

 FOXBANE. Aconi'tum Lyco'ctonum. 

 FOXGLOVE. Digita'lis. 



FRACTURES. If an immaterial branch is broken, it 

 is best to remove it entirely ; but it sometimes happens 

 that a stem or branch which cannot be replaced is thus 

 injured, in which case it is advisable to attempt a reduc- 

 tion of the fracture ; and if it be only partial, and the 

 stem or branch but small, the parts will again unite by- 

 being put back into thek natural position, and well 

 propped up. The cure may be expected not to succeed 

 if the fracture is accompanied with contusion, or if the 

 stem or branch is large ; and even where it succeeds, 

 the woody fibres do not contribute to the union ; but 

 the granular and herbaceous substance only which 

 exudes from between the wood and liber, insinuating 

 itself into all interstices, and finally becoming indurated 

 in the wood. Splints extending at least a foot above 

 and below the fracture should be bound very firmly all 

 round, and a plaister of grafting-clay to exclude wet be 

 placed over all, and every precaution adopted to prevent 

 the surfaces of the wound being moved by the force of' 

 the wind. 



FRAGA'RIA. The Strawberry. (From fragrans, per- 

 fumed ; in reference to the flavour of the fruit. Nat. 

 ord. Roseworts [Rosaceae]. Linn. i2-Icosandria, i-Mono- 

 gynia.) 



Hardy evergreens. Seeds, sown early in a slight hot- 

 bed, and planted out early, will in many cases produce 

 fruit in the autumn of the same season. Plants are 

 most easily obtained by detaching the runners. Deep 

 loam suits them. See STRAWBERRY. 

 F. bercherie'nsis (Berkshire). . White. May. Berk- 

 shire. 

 bonarie'nsis (Buenos Ayres). 2. Apetal. June. 



Buenos Ayres. 



bresli'ngea (Breslingian). See F. COLLINA. 

 ,, califo'mica (Calif ornian). i. White. California. 

 calyci'na (large-ca.lyx.ed). i. White. April. France. 

 ,, canadf'nsis (Canadian). See F. VIRGINIANA. 

 chtioe'nsis (Chili). |. White. May. S. Amer. 1727. 

 colli'na (hill. Green Pine). i. White. June. 



Europe. 1768. 



ela'tior (taller. Hautbois). ij. White. May. Britain. 

 grandiflo'ra (Pine. Great-flowered). i. White. 



May. Surinam. 1759- 



,, hagenbachia'na(H.agenbacbian). i. WTiite. S. Amer. 

 i'ndico, (yellow. Indian), i. Yellow. July. India. 



1805. 



Majau'fea (Majaufe de Champ). See F. COLLINA. 

 mexica'na (Mexican). See F. VESCA. 

 monophy'lla (one-leaved). See F. VESCA MONOPHYLLA. 

 nilgerre'nsis (Nilgherrian). India. 

 platanofdes (plane-like), i. Red. May. N. Amer. 

 roseiflo'ra (rose-flowered). Europe. 

 ve 1 sea (edible. Common wild), i. White. May. 



Britain. 



flo're ple'no (double-flowered). 

 monophy'lla (one-leaved). . White. May. 1773. 

 virginia'na (Scarlet. Virginia), i. White. April. 

 N. Amer. 1629. 



FRAMES are structures employed either in forcing, or 

 in protecting plants, and are of various sizes. 



According to the good practical rules of Abercrombie, 

 the one-light frame may be about four feet and a half in 

 width from back to front, and three feet six inches 

 the other way ; fifteen or eighteen inches high in the 

 back, and nine in front, with a glass sash or light, made 

 to fit the top completely, to slide up and down, and 

 move away occasionally. 



The two-light frame may be seven feet long, four and a 

 half wide, and fifteen or eighteen inches high in the 



