FULL-FLOWER 



367 



FUSTIC 



FULL-FLOWER. See DOUBLE-FLOWER. 



FUMA'RIA. Fumitory. (From fumos, smoke ; re- 

 ferring to the disagreeable smell of the plant. Nat. ord. 

 Fumeworts [Papaveraceae]. Linn. ij-Diadelphia, 2-Hex- 

 andria. Allied to Corydalis.) 



Hardy annuals. If once sown in March or April, on 

 rock-work or undisturbed banks, they will sow them- 

 selves annually, and maintain themselves without care 

 or trouble. 

 F. capreola'ta (tendrilled). 4. Flesh. July. Europe. 



Cumber. 

 ,, leuca'ntha (white-flowered), ij. White. August. 



Corsica. 1836. 

 me'dia (intermediate). 3. Flesh. July. Europe. 



FUMIGATING is employed for the destruction of 

 certain insects ; the inhaled vapour or smoke arising 

 from some substances being fatal to them. Tobacco is 

 the usual substance employed ; and it may be ignited, 

 and the smoke impelled upon the insect by bellows ; or 

 the ignited tobacco may be placed under a box, or within 

 a frame, together with the affected plant. The vapour 

 of spirit of turpentine is destructive to the scale and other 

 insects, employed in this mode. Mr. Mills has stated 

 the following as the best mode of fumigating with tobacco. 

 According to the size of the place to be fumigated, one 

 or more pieces of cast iron, one inch thick, and three 

 inches over, are made red-hot (pieces of old tiles, such as 

 are used for covering smoke flues, would probably 

 answer equally well) ; one of these is placed in a twenty- 

 four sized pot, on which is put the quantity of tobacco 

 considered necessary to charge the structure with smoke 

 sufficient to destroy insect life. To fumigate an ordinary 

 sized eight-light house, use three heaters, and three 

 twenty-four sized pots, which are best placed on the 

 front flue or walk ; one pound of strong tobacco is put 

 on the three heaters in equal parts, and this is found 

 sufficient to nil the house, so as to destroy all the kinds 

 of insects that perish by fumigation. The system has 

 these advantages: the tobacco is so quickly consumed, 

 that the house is completely filled in a very short time, 

 and but little smoke can escape before the insects are 

 destroyed ; the pure heat from the iron heaters prevents 

 injury from gas, and as no blowing is required there is 

 no dust, it being only necessary to put the tobacco on 

 the heaters and leave the house. A better mode is to 

 soak the tobacco in a strong solution of saltpetre, and 

 when dry to ignite it. The combustion is so complete 

 and instantaneous that a smaller quantity is sufficient. 

 The best of all instruments for fumigating with tobacco 

 is Brown's Fumigator. 



To fumigate with sulphur, paint the hot-water pipes 

 with some sulphur mixed with whitewash ; or put this 

 mixture against the side of the flue farthest from the 

 furnace ; or put some sulphur on a hot-water plate, 

 and keep the water in this boiling by means of a 

 lamp. 



FUMITORY. Fuma'ria. 



FUNGI. The word fungus is applied to a large number 

 of plants belonging to many orders or families, and very 

 varied in size and structure, but all agreeing in consisting 

 of a single cell, various combinations of cells, or simple 

 or branching cells, free or interlacing, and destitute of 

 chlorophyll or leaf green, and seeds. They are repro- 

 duced in a great variety of ways, and live upon dead 

 matter (saprophytical fungi) or on living plants or 

 animals (parasitical fungi). Unicellular or one-celled 

 fungi are microscopical in size and require considerable 

 magnification to be seen. The mildews and moulds, 

 consisting of webs or threads, are observable by the 

 naked eye. The Mushroom (Agaricus campestris) is one 

 of the most familiar of fungi to the gardener, and the 

 giant Puff Ball (Lycoperdon giganteum) is many times 

 larger, weighing several pounds. These two are sapro- 

 phytes. Familiar examples of parasitical fungi are the 

 rust and brand of Roses, the scab of Apples and Pears 

 and the Potato disease. When plants are apparently 

 suffering from the effects of some parasitical fungus, 

 unknown to the gardener or grower, he should submit 

 specimens to some expert or competent authority for 

 identification and the best means of destroying the 

 same. 



FU'NKIA. (After H. Funk, a German botanist. Nat. 

 ord. Lilyworts [Liliaceae]. Linn. 6~Hexandria, i-Mono- 

 gynia. Allied to Hemerocallis.) 



Hardy herbaceous perennials, from Japan ; dividing 

 the roots ; sandy loam, and a dry situation. 



F. aUbo-margina'ta (white-margined). See F. LANCI- 

 FOLIA ALBO-MARGINATA. 



caru'lca (sky-blue). See F. OVATA. 



corda'ta (heart-shaped). See F. SIEBOLDIANA. 



cuculla'ta (hooded). See F. FORTUNEI. 



,, Fortu'nei (Fortune's), i. White. Leaves glaucous 



hooded. 1876. 



glau'ca (glaucous). Leaves glaucous. Japan. 

 grandifto'ra (large-flowered). See F. SUBCORDATA. 

 ,, lancijo'lia (lance-leaved), i. Lilac. August 1820 

 a'lba (white). White. 

 ctlbo-margina'ta (white-edged), ij. Lilac. July. 



1837. 



tardiflo'ra (late-flowering). i|. Lilac. August. 

 undula'ta (wavy). i. Lilac. July. 1834. 

 variega'ta (variegated). Leaves much variegated 



with creamy-white. 1834. 

 lo'ngipes (long-stalked). Leaves broader than in 



F. lancifolia, running down petiole. 1903 

 ova'ta (egg-shaped), ij. Pale blue. May. ' 1790. 

 ,, au'rea (golden). Leaves golden in spring. 

 margina'ta (margined). Leaves edged with 



white. 



sieboldia'na (Sieboldian). 2. Lilac. June. 1830. 

 sine'itsis (Chinese). See F. SIEBOLDIANA. 

 subcorda'ta (nearly-heart-shaped). ij. White. 



August. 1790. 



undula'ta (waved). See F. LANCIFOLIA UNDULATA. 

 variega'ta, (variegated). See F. LANCIFOLIA VARIE- 



GATA. 



FURCRflTA. (In compliment to the noted French 

 chemist, M. Fourcroy. Nat. ord. Amaryllidaceae.) 



Stove plants, resembling Agave. Seeds or ofisets. 

 Fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and finely broken bricks. 



F. aUnspi'na (white-spined). 6. Greenish-white. Central 



Amer. 1893. 



Barille'ti (Barillet's). 3. Trop. Amer. 1867. 

 Bedinghau'sii (Bedinghaus's). 6. Mexico. 1860. 

 ,, Commely'ni (Commelyn's). 25. Trop. Amer. 

 cube'nsis (Cuban). 6. Creamy-white, green. Novem- 

 ber. Trop. Amer. 



inSrmis (unarmed). Leaves spineless. 

 ,, LindSni (Linden's). Colombia. 1869. 

 demoulinia'na (Demoulinian). 10. Mexico. 1866. 

 ,, depaupera'ta (stunted). 5. Trop. Amer. 

 Desidera'ntii (Desiderant's). 8. Trop. Amer. 

 e'legans (elegant). 20. Pale green. Winter. Mexico. 



1868. 

 fia'vo-vi'ridis (yellow-green). 14. Yellow-green. 



Mexico. 1846. 



geminispi'na (twin-spined). 4. Trop. Amer. 

 ,, Ghiesbre' ghtii (Ghiesbreght's). See F. ELEGANS. 

 gigantfa (gigantic). 20-40. Greenish-white. August. 



Trop. Amer. 1690. 

 ,, variega'ta (variegated). Leaves variegated with 



creamy-white. 



witteineetia'na (Willemeetian). 

 ,, Lindefni (Linden's). See F. CUBENSIS LINDENI. 

 lipsie'nsis (Lipsian). 4. Trop. Amer. 1868. 

 longaSva (long-lived). 40. White. May. Mexico. 



1833. 



,, macrophy'Ua (long-leaved). Bahamas. 

 ,, pube'scens (downy). Trop. Amer. 

 ,, Rce'ilii (Rcezl's). See F. BEDINGHAUSH. 

 ,, Sello'a (Selloa). 20. Green-white. Mexico and 



Guatemala. 1865. 



stri'cta (upright). 8-9. Trop. Amer. 1868. 

 ,, tubero'sa (tuberous). 6. Light yellow. 1739. 

 ,, tubiflo'ra (tube-flowered). See BESCHORNERIA TUBI- 



FLORA. 



undula'ta (waved). 10. Green. Mexico. 1868. 

 watsonia'na (Watsonian). 15-20. Leaves bluish- 

 green, banded with cream-yellow. 1898. 



FURZE. U'lex. 



FUSTIC. Maclu'ra tincto'ria. 



