GALIUM 



370 



GARDEN 



a bell-glass, in April, and in heat; peat and loam. 



Summer temp., 60 to 75 ; winter, 48 to 55". 



G. macrophy'Ua (large-leaved). 2. Pink. Trop. Amer. 



This is Cusparia macrophylla. 

 muliifto'ra (many-flowered). 20. Brazil. 1827. 

 odorati' 'ssima (most fragrant). See CUSPARIA ODORA- 



TISSIMA. 

 trifolia'ta (three-leaved). 4. Green. Guiana. 1816. 



GA'LIUM. Bed Straw. (From gala, milk ; referring 

 to the flowers of G. ve'rum having been used to curdle 

 milk. Nat. ord. Stellates [Rubiacese]. Linn. ^-Tetran- 

 dria, i-Monogynia. Allied to Rubia.) 



Few of these plants are interesting to the gardener, 

 except to cover rock or root-work. They possess, in a 

 more or less degree, the dyeing qualities of Madder. Of 

 the following selected species all are herbaceous perennials, 

 except G. suave'olens, which is an annual. Annuals 

 merely require to be sown in the common border, in 

 March ; and the perennials divided at the same time. 

 G. campanula' turn (bell- flowered). See ASPERULA GALI- 



OIDES. 



capi'llipes (hairy-stalked). See G. SVLVATICUM. 

 corona'tum (crowned). J. Yellow. July. Greece, 

 Orient. 1818. 



era! cum (Grecian). . Purple. July. Candia. i79 8 - 

 longifo'lium (long-leaved), i. Red. 

 tium ; Asia Minor. 1820. 



July. Bizan- 



ptrsicum (Persian). See G. CORONATUM. 



purpu'reum (purple), i. Purple. July. Switzerland. 



1831. 



ru'brum (red), i. Purple. July. Italy. 1597. 

 suave'olens (sweet-scented). See G. TRIFLORUM. 

 sylva'ticum (wood), i. White. September. Europe. 



1838. 



tau'ricum (Taurian). See G. CORONATUM. 

 triflo'rum (three-flowered), i. White. July. N. 



temperate regions. 1821. 

 Vailla'niii (Vaillant's). 2. Green. May. England. 



GALL is a tumour formed in consequence of the part 

 being punctured by an insect, the tumour becoming 

 the nidus of the insect brood. The Oak-apple caused by 

 the Cynips querci is a familiar example ; as, also, are the 

 branches of leaves, not unlike a rose, on the Rose Willow, 

 and the mossy tufts on the twigs of the Wild Rose, and 

 erroneously called Bedeguar. These tufts are caused by 

 the Cynips rosce, another species of Gall-fly. 



GALPHI'MIA. (An anagram of Malpighia, to which 

 it is nearly allied. Nat. ord. Malpighiads [Malpighiaceae]. 

 Linn. io-Decandria. $-Trigynia.) 



Stove evergreens, from Mexico, with yellow flowers, 

 Cuttings of young shoots, firm but not too old, in sand, 

 under a bell-glass, and in bottom-heat ; peat and loam. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 75 ; winter, 40 to 55*. 

 G. glandulo'sa (glanded). April. 1824. 



glau'ca (milky- green). 8. 1829. 



gra'cilis (slender). 8. Yellow. 1848. 



,, hirsu'ta (hairy). September. 1824. 



GALTO'NIA. (Commemorative of Francis Gallon, who 

 wrote a Narrative of an Explorer in South Africa. Nat. 

 ord. Liliaceas. Related to Hyacinthus.) 



Hardy bulbs of a highly ornamental character, especi- 

 ally G. candicans. Seeds, offsets. Light, rich soils in 

 sunny situations. 



G. ca'ndicans (white). 3-5. Pure white. S. Africa. 

 clava'ta (clubbed). Greenish-white, smaller. S. 



Africa. 

 pri'nceps (chief). 2-3. Greenish-white. S. Africa. 



GAMMA MOTH. Just after sunset, in summer and 

 autumn, and hovering round flowers, may be seen this 

 moth (Plusia gamma). It is called the Gamma Moth, 

 because about the middle of the upper wings, but to- 

 wards their inner border, there is a silvery shining mark, 

 like the Greek letter gamma (y). The shape of this 

 mark has acquired to this insect another name, the Y- 

 Moth. The outspread wings are about an inch across ; 

 the upper ones grey-coloured, marbled with brown, and 

 shining ; the under wings pale ash, with a brown edge ; 

 the head and throat brownish, edged with grey lines ; the 

 belly, or abdomen, yellowish-grey, tufted with brown 

 hairs. In October they deposit their eggs ; and it would 



be an aid to the warfare against them to ascertain what 

 plants they select for this purpose. The eggs hatch at 

 various times from May to September, but chiefly during 

 July. The caterpillars proceeding from them are green, 

 beset with greenish single hairs ; head brownish-green ; 

 on the back and sides three or four yellowish-white lines ; 

 feet twelve in number, and marked with a yellow stripe. 

 These caterpillars commit great ravages, especially in the 

 south of England, upon our peas and other garden 

 vegetables, the best remedy for which is hand-picking. 



GAMOCHLA'MYS HETERA NDRA. See Spathantheum 

 heterandrum. 



GAMO'GYNE. (From gamos, union, and gune, the 

 ovary. Nat. ord. Araceffi.) 



A stove perennial herb. Offsets ; divisions. Fibrous 

 loam, lumpy peat, some charcoal and sand. 

 G. pu'lchra (beautiful). Bright crimson. Johor, Malaya. 

 1910. 



GAMOLE'PIS. (Derived from gamos, marriage or 

 union, and lepis, a scale ; in allusion to the scales of the 

 flower-head being xinited, forming a cup. Nat. ord. 

 Composite.) 



Greenhouse shrub of an ornamental character. Seeds 

 when obtainable ; cuttings of shoots about half ripe, in 

 sand, in a close case with a mild heat. Fibrous loam, a 

 little leaf-mould and sand. 



G. a'nnua (annual), i. Yellow. May. S.Africa. 1823. 

 euriopoi'des (Euryops-like). 1-2. Bright yellow. 

 S. Africa. 1863. 



GANGRENE. See CANKER. 



GARCr NLA. Mangosteen. (Named after Dr. Garcia, 

 an Eastern traveller. Nat. ord. Guttifers [Guttifera?]. 

 Linn. n-Dodecandria, i-Motwgynia. Allied to Mammea.) 

 Of all the fruits in the East, that of G. Mangosta'na is 

 the most highly extolled by Europeans ; and the Gamboge 

 from Siam is furnished by G. Cambo'gia. Stove ever- 

 green trees. Cuttings of ripened shoots in sand, hi a 

 close propagating case, with strong bottom-heat ; peat 

 and loam. Summer temp., 60 to 90, with moist 

 atmosphere ; winter, 60 to 65. 

 G. brasilie'nsis (Brazilian). Brazil. 



,, Cambo'gia (Gamboge). 30. Yellow. India and 

 Ceylon. 1820. 



cochinchine'nsis (Cochin Chinese). China. 



,, co'rnea (horny). 30. Yellow. E. Ind. 1823. 



Co'wa (Cowa). 20. Yellow. E. Ind. 1822. 



du'lcis (sweet). 20. Creamy-white. February. 

 Andamans. 1820. 



,, hotnbronia'na (Hombronian). Singapore. 



., i'ndica (Indian). India. " Kokum Oil." 



Ko'la (Kola). W. Trop. Africa. 



Livingsto'nei (Livingstone's). Trop. Africa. 



Mangosta'na (Mangosteen). 20. Purple. Moluccas. 



1789. " Mangosteen." 

 ore'tta 



More'tta (Morella). India and Malaya. " Ceylon 



Gamboge." 

 ovalifo'lia (oval-leaved). White. Summer. Trop. 



Africa. 



puncta'ta (punctate). Trop. Africa. 

 terpnophy'lla (pleasing-leaved). Ceylon. 

 Xanthochy'mus (Xanthochymus). 40. White. 



Summer. India and Malaya. 

 ,, zeyla'nica (Cingalese). See G. CAMBOGIA. 



GARDEN. Any enclosed piece of ground for the culti- 

 vation of fruits, flowers, or vegetables, separately or all 

 together, may be termed a garden. Usually it is near 

 the dwelling-house, but not always, and need not be. 

 It may or may not include shrubberies. When grounds 

 are wholly devoted to lawns, ornamental trees, and 

 shrubs, they are usually termed pleasure-grounds. 

 Larger and less well-kept areas, with or without sheep, 

 cattle, or deer, but lying in grass and occupied more or 

 less thinly with large trees, are termed parks. Fruit 

 gardens, flower gardens, and vegetable gardens are more 

 or less wholly devoted to one or other of those subjects, 

 and may be more or less separated from one another. 

 Rose gardens, Iris gardens, and Paeony gardens are 

 larger or smaller areas, more or less devoted to those 

 subjects, and may be screened from other parts of the 

 grounds by trees, shrubs, or walls. It is desirable that 



