GORSE 



392 



GRAFTING 



the greenhouse ; layers in autumn, seeds in spring, and 

 cuttings in sandy peat, under a hand-light, in summer, 

 in a shady place. Pube'scens and Frankli'ni are the 

 hardiest ; but lasia'nthus is the most beautiful, and 

 blooms chiefly in summer and autumn. Peat, leaf- 

 mould, and sand, with a trifle of loam, deep, and on a 

 retentive sub-soil ; if not naturally so, puddled with 

 clay, so that the plant may obtain something of its 

 native position in swampy soil. 

 G. ano'mala (anomalous). 3. Creamy-white. China. 



1816. Greenhouse. 



Frankli'ni (Franklin's). See G. PUBESCENS SUBGLABRA. 

 gra'ndis (grand). White. 1880. Stove. 

 Hcemata 'xylon (red-wood). See LAPLACEA H^MA- 



TOXYLON. 



java'nica (Javanese). See SCHIMA NORONH*. 

 Lasia'nthus (hairy-flower). 6. Yellow. September. 



N. Amer. 1739. " Loblolly Bay." 

 pube' scats (downy). 4. White. July. Carolina. 



1774- 



subgla'bra (nearly smooth). White. September. 

 N. Amer. 1774. 



GORSE. U'lex europce'us. 



GORTERIA. (Named after D. Garter, a Dutch 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Composites [Composite?]. Linn. 

 ig-Syngenesia, $-Frustranea. Allied to GAZANIA.) 



Greenhouse annual. Seed in light soil in the green- 

 house, in March ; or in the open border at the beginning 

 of May. 



G. acau'lis (stemless). See HAPLOCARPHA LEICHTLINII. 

 asteroi'des (Aster-like). See BERKHEYA FRUTICOSA. 

 Pavo'nia (peacock). See GAZANIA PAVONIA. 

 persona'ta (masked). . Yellow. August. S. Africa. 



1774- 

 ri'gens (stiff). See GAZANIA RIGENS. 



GOSSyPIUM. Cotton- tree. (From goz, Arabic for a 

 soft substance. Nat. ord. Mallowworts [Malvacea?]. 

 Linn. ift-Monadelphia, 8-Polyandria.) 



The cotton of commerce is the hairy covering of the 

 seeds of several species of this genus. Barbade'nse and 

 herba'ceum, especially the former, furnish the best cotton. 

 Stove plants. Annuals and biennials, by seed in moist 

 heat, in spring ; perennial herbaceous, by seed and 

 divisions, in similar circumstances ; shrubs, by cuttings 

 of young shoots, just getting firm, in sandy soil, under a 

 bell-glass, and in bottom-heat ; rich, sandy loam. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 85 ; winter, 50 to 60. 

 G. arbo'reum (tree). 12. Yellow. July. E. Ind. 1694. 



Evergreen shrub. 

 barbade'nse (Barbadoes). 5. Yellow. September. 



Barbadoes. 1759. Biennial. 

 Come'sii (Comes's). Yellow, blood-red blotch. 1889. 



Greenhouse shrub. 

 Davidso'nii (Davidson's). Yellow. S. United States. 



1900. 

 herba'ceum (common-herbaceous). 3. Yellow. July. 



E. Ind. 1594. Annual. 

 i'ndicum (Indian). See G. HERBACEUM. 

 Ki'rkii (Kirk's). Yellow. Trop. Africa. 1881. 

 latifo'lium (broad-leaved). 5. Yellow. July. 1800. 



Evergreen shrub. 



mari'timum (maritime). See G. BARBADENSE. 

 obtusifo'lium (blunt-leaved). 5. Yellow. July. 



E. Ind. Evergreen shrub. 



religio'sum (religious). 3. Yellow. July. India. 

 1777. Herbaceous perennial. 



GOUA'NIA. (Named after A. Gouan, once professor 

 of botany at Montpelier. Nat. ord. Rhamnads [Rham- 

 naceae]. Linn. z^-Polygamia, z-Dicecia. Allied to 

 Trymalium.) 



Evergreen stove climbers. Cuttings of half-ripened 

 shoots in sand, under a bell-glass, in bottom-heat ; fibrous 

 peat and sandy loam. Summer temp., 60 to 80 ; 

 winter, 50 to 58 . 



G. cordifo'lia (heart- leaved). See REISSEKIA SMILACINA. 

 dominge'nsis (St. Domingo). 10. Yellow. W. Ind. 



1739- 



integrifo'lia (entire-leaved). 10. Green, yellow. 1800. 

 mauritia'na (Mauritian). 10. Green, yellow. Mauri- 

 tius. 1823. 



G. tiliafo'lia (lime-tree-leaved). 10. Yellow. July. 



Mascarene Islands. 1810. 



tomento'sa (woolly). 10. Green, yellow. W. Ind. 

 1823. 



GOURD. Cucu'rbita. 



GOVB'NIA. (Named after /. R. Gowen, a distinguished 

 horticulturist, and cross-breeder of plants. Nat. ord. 

 Orchids [Orchidacea?]. Linn. 2Q-Gynandria, i-Monandria. 

 Allied to Batemannia.) 



Stove terrestrial orchids. Divisions of the plant ; peat 

 and loam, with a little charcoal and silver sand. Summer 

 temp., 60 to 85 ; winter, 50 to 55. 

 G. Andrieu'xii (Andrieux's). Yellow, white. Mexico. 



1884. 



delicio'sa (delicious). White, purple. Mexico. 1884. 

 fascia'ta (b&nded-flowered). ij. Yellow. January. 



Venezuela. 1843. 

 ,, Ga'rdneri (Gardner's). 2. Green, yellow. December. 



Organ Mountains. 1837. 

 ,, lageno'phora( bottle-bearing), ij. White. January. 



Mexico. 1844. 

 Ulia'cea (lily-flowered), i. White. July. Mexico. 



1837- 

 ,, sulphu'rea (sulphur). Sulphur-yellow. Paraguay. 



1885. 

 supe'rba (superb). 5. Yellow. March. Mexico. 



1828. 

 ,, ti'ngens (tinging). 2. Yellowish, with purple lines. 



Peru. 1910. 



,, utricula'ta (bladder y-sheathed). ij. Cream. August. 

 Jamaica. 1843. 



GRABO'WSKIA. (Commemorative of H. Grabowsky, 

 a botanist of Silesia. Nat. ord. Solanaceae.) 



Half-hardy shrubs. Seeds and cuttings in summer. 

 Loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 G. boerhaaviafo'lia (Boerhaavia-leaved). 4-5. Pale 



blue. April. Peru. 1780. 

 duplica'ta (twice-folded). Pale green. Brazil. 1840. 



GRADE'RIA. (Nat. ord. Scrophulariaceae.) 

 Greenhouse plant with woody rootstock. Imported 



roots. Sandy, fibrous loam. 



G. subi'niegra (nearly-entire). Rosy-lilac. S. Africa. 

 1893. 



GRJE'LLSIA. (A commemorative name. Nat. ord. 

 Crucifers [Cruciferae]. Linn. is-Tetr adynamia. Allied 

 to Cochlearia.) 



Hardy herbaceous plant, suited for rock-work ; com- 

 mon, sandy soil ; divison, and cuttings under a hand- 

 light, in sandy soil in summer. 



G. saxifragcefo'lia (saxifrage-leaved). J. White. July. 

 Persia. 1844. 



GRAFF, or GRAFT. This, also called the scion, is the 

 portion of a branch selected to be inserted or grafted 

 upon a stock or rooted stem, to form the head of the 

 future pant. See GRAFTING and STOCK. 



GRAFTING is uniting a scion of one plant to the root, 

 branch, or stem of another. The scion and stock must 

 be of nearly related species. 



The objects of grafting are (i) To increase choice 

 kinds. (2) To increase the vigour of delicate kinds. 



(3) To reduce the vigour of those which are too gross. 



(4) To accelerate the period of fruiting. (5) To adapt 

 kinds to soils for which they would be unfitted on their 

 own roots. (6) To renovate old kinds. 



We now proceed to give descriptions, illustrative of 

 all the modes which are usual in general horticulture : 



i. Whip Grafting, called also Splice and Tongue Graft- 

 ing. This is the most common mode, and is that 

 almost universally adopted in our nurseries ; and when 

 the stock and scion are equal in size, is perhaps the 

 handiest. The head of the stock is pruned off at the 

 desired height, and then a slip of bark and wood removed 

 at the upper portion of the stock, with a very clean 

 cut, to fit exactly with a corresponding cut which must 

 be made in the scion. A very small amount of wood 

 must be cut away, and the surface made quite smooth 1 . 

 Care must be taken that no dirt be upon the cuts in this, 

 and, indeed, in all the other modes. The scion must 

 now be prepared. This should have at least three or 



