HIPPOPHAE 



433 



HOHERIA 



HIPPOPHAE. Sea Buckthorn. (From hippos, a horse, 

 and phao, to kill. Nat. ord. Oleasiers [Elaeagnaceae]. Linn. 

 22-Dioecia, 4-Tetrandria. Allied to Shepherdia.) 



Hardy deciduous shrubs. Layers, suckers, cuttings 

 of the roots, and seeds ; common soil. These are first- 

 rate shrubs for the sea-coast, for fixing sands along with 

 ca'rex and other grasses. 



H arge'ntea (silvery). See SHEPHERDIA ARGENTEA. 

 canade'nsis (Canadian). See SHEPHERDIA CANADENSIS. 

 littora'lis (sea-shore). See H. RHAMNOIDES. 

 rhamnoides (Rhamnus-like). 12. May. England. 

 angustifo'lia, (narrow-leaved). 2. May. S. 

 England. 



sibi'rica (Siberian). April. Siberia. 

 salicifo'lia, (willow-leaved). 8-30. Nepaul. 1822. 

 HIPPU'RIS. Mare's Tail. (From hippos, a horse, and 

 oura, a tail; like Equisetum has been compared to a 

 horse's tail. Nat. ord. Haloragaceae.) 



Hardy, perennial aquatic, for the edge of a tank or 

 pond. Divisions. Loam and leaf-mould. 

 H. vulga'ris (common), i. Green. June to August. 



Europe (Britain). 



HTPTAGE. (Derived from hiptamai, to fly ; in refer- 

 ence to the hairy seed carried by the wind. Nat. ord. 

 Malpighiaceae.) 



Stove, twining, evergreen plants. Cuttings of half-ripe 

 shoots in sand, in a close case, with bottom-heat. Fibrous 

 loam, peat, and sand. 

 H. Madablo'ta (Madablota). 10-15. White, yellow. 



April. Trop. Asia. 1793- 

 obtusifo'lia (blunt-leaved). 15-20. White. China. 



1810. 



fflR^TA. (Named after De La Hire, a French 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Malpighiads [Malpighiaceae]. Linn. 

 lO-Decandria, ^-Trigynia.) 



Stove climbers. Cuttings of firm young shoots in 

 sand, under a bell-glass, in bottom-heat ; sandy, fibrous 

 loam, and fibrous peat, with a little freestone or charcoal. 

 Summer temp., 60 to 90 ; winter, 50 to 60. 

 H glaucc' scens (milky-green). Yellow. E. Ind. 



i'ndica (Indian). See ASPIDOPTERYS ROXBURGHIANA. 

 nu'tans (nodding). See ASPIDOPTERYS NUTANS. 

 odora'ta (sweet-scented). See TRIASPIS ODORATA. 

 reclina'ta (leaning). 10. Yellow. July. W. Ind. 

 simsia'na (Simsian). 10. Yellow. W. Ind. and 

 Guiana. 1793. 



HOA'REA. A group of species now referred to Pelar- 

 gonium. 



HODGSO'NIA. (Commemorative of B. H, Hodgson. 

 Nat. ord. Cucurbitaceae.) 



A rampant stove climber that requires planting out 

 and training to the rafters. Seeds. Good loam, with 

 an admixture of sand. 



H. hetero'clita (variously inclined). 12-100. Yellow, 

 white. Himalaya, Burma, &c. 



HOE. This is the implement which should be most 

 frequently in the gardener's hand, for the surface of the 

 soil scarcely can be too frequently stirred. The handles 

 should never be made of heavy wood, for this wearies 

 the hand, and is altogether a useless weight thrown upon 

 the workman. It is merely the lever, and every ounce 

 needlessly given to this diminishes, without any necessity, 

 the available moving power. The best woods for handles 

 are birch or deal. 



For earthing-up plants, broad blades to hoes are very 

 admissible, and they may, without objection, have a 

 breadth of nine inches ; but for loosening the soil and 

 destroying weeds, they should never extend to beyond a 

 breadth of six inches, and the work will be done best 

 by one two inches narrower. The iron plate of which 

 they are formed should be well steeled, and not more 

 than one-sixteenth of an inch thick. The weight neces- 

 sary should be thrown by the workman's arm and body 

 upon the handle ; and the thicker the blade, the greater 

 is the pressure required to make it penetrate the soil. 

 It should be set on the handle at an angle of 68, as this 

 brings its edge at a good cutting angle with the surface 

 of the soil, and the workman soon learns at what point 

 most effectively to throw his weight, and holds the 

 handle further from, or nearer to, the blade, accordingly 

 as he is a tall or short man. Mr. Barnes, of Bicton 



Gardens, employs nine sized hoes, the smallest having a 

 blade not more than one-fourth of an inch broad, and 

 the largest ten inches. The smallest are used for potted 

 plants and seed-beds, and those from two inches and a 

 half to four inches wide are used for thinning and hoeing 

 among crops generally. These have all handles varying 

 in length from eight inches and a half to eighteen inches, 

 all the neck or upper part formed of iron, for the smaller 

 sizes not thicker than a large pencil, and that part which 

 has to be grasped by the workman is only six inches 

 long, and formed either of willow or some other soft, 

 light wood, which is best to the feel of the hand. Each 

 labourer works with one in each hand, to cut right and 

 left. The blade is made thin, and with a little foresight 

 and activity it is astonishing how much ground can be 

 got over in a short time. 



Mr. Barnes has all his hoes made with a crane neck. 

 The blades broader than four inches he has made like 

 a Dutch hoe. 



The crane neck allows the blade to pass freely under the 

 foliage of any crop where the earth requires loosening ; 

 and the blade works itself clean, allowing the earth to 

 pass through, as there is no place for it to lodge and clog 

 up as in the old-fashioned hoe, to clean which, when 

 used of a dewy morning, causes the loss of much time. 



The thrust, or Dutch hoe, consists of a plate of iron 

 attached somewhat obliquely to the end of a handle by 

 a bow, used only for killing weeds or loosening ground 

 which is to be afterwards raked. As a man can draw 

 more than he can push, most heavy work will be easiest 

 done by the draw-hoe. 



In the island of Guernsey a very effective weeding- 

 prong is used, something in the shape of a hammer, the 

 head flattened into a chisel an inch wide, and the fork 

 the same. The whole length of this prong is nine inches, 

 and it is attached to a staff five feet long. Such an 

 implement is light and easy to use, it requires no stooping, 

 and will tear up the deepest-rooted weeds. 



HOFFMA'NNIA. (Commemorative of Professor Hoff- 

 mann, a German botanist. Nat. ord. Rubiaceae.) 



Stove evergreen shrubs. Cuttings of half-mature 

 shoots in sand, in a close case, with bottom-heat. Fibrous 

 loam, one-third peat, and sand. 



H. di'scolor (two-coloured). J. Red. Leaves with a 



glossy sheen above, purple beneath. Mexico. 1850. 



Ghiesbre'ghtii (Ghiesbreght's). 2-3. Yellow, red. 



Mexico. 1861. 



variega' ta (variegated). Leaves edged with creamy- 

 white. 



,, mexica'na (Mexican). Yellow. June. Mexico. 1840. 

 peduncula'ta (peduncled). 2. Yellow, red. Jamaica. 

 phcenico' poda (purple-footed). Flowers inconspicu- 

 ous. Leaves violet-red beneath. Central Amer. 

 1899. 



refu'lgens (shining). 2. Reddish. June. Mexico. 

 porphyrophy'llum (purple-leaved). Leaves heavily 



shaded with purple. 

 rega'lis (regal), ij. July. Mexico. 1859. 



T HOFFMANSE GGIA. (Named after /. C. hoffmansegg. 

 Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae]. Linn. 

 LO-Decandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Stove, yellow, pea-blossomed evergreens. Cuttings of 

 young shoots in sand, in bottom-heat ; also division of 

 the plant in spring ; peat and loam. Summer temp., 

 60 to 80 ; winter, 50 to 55. 

 H. falca'ria (sickle-leaved). 2. July. Chili. 1806. 



prostra'ta (trailing). July. Lima. 



HOG-NTJT. Ca'rya porci'na. 

 HOG PLUM. Spo'ndias. 



HOHENBE'RGIA. (Named after M. Hoftenberg, a 

 German botanist. Nat. ord. Bromelworls [Bronuliaceae]. 

 Linn. 6-Hexandria, i-Monogynia. See ^ECHMEA.) 

 H. capita'ta (headed). See ^ECHMEA EXSUDANS. 



,, ferrugi'nea, (rusty). See .flLcHMEA AUGUSTA. 



,, strobila'cea (cone-like). See ACANTHOSTACHYS STROBI- 



: ACEA. 



Others under jEchmea, with their respective names. 



HOHE'RIA. (Probably commemorative. Nat. ord. 

 Malvaceae.) 



Greenhouse trees or shrubs. The bark of H. populnea 

 is used for making a demulcent drink and for cordage. 



2E 



