HOLLYHOCK DISEASE 



435 



HOMALOPETALUM 



roots from the drying winds, and strengthen the flower- 

 shoots. Place tall, strong stakes to them in good time, 

 and as they advance in growth, tie the shoots separately 

 , to the stakes regularly, but not too tightly, and leave 

 room for the stems to swell. During dry weather, give, 

 once a week, a thorough good watering. If the flowers 

 are intended for exhibition in spikes, cut off their extreme 

 ends. This will cause the flowers to form a fine pyramid 

 of bloom, and make them open more equally and much 

 larger. 



Winter Culture. Cut down the flower-stern as early 

 as possible after the bloom is over, and the seed is ripened. 

 Dig the ground between the plants, leaving it moderately 

 rough to mellow with the weather, adding a dressing of 

 well-decomposed manure. Before the severe frosts are 

 likely to set in, give a mulching of light, half-decayed 

 dung, closing it round the plants. This will keep the 

 roots warm through the frosty weather, and will enrich 

 the ground as it decays. 



Insects. The green fly will, in dry seasons, attack the 

 leaves and young shoots. (See APHIS.) Slugs will also 

 attack the young shoots. They must be diligently 

 sought for and destroyed, or, if very numerous, give the 

 ground a watering with clear lime-water occasionally. 

 In new ground, a brown grub is sometimes very destruc- 

 tive by eating off the young shoots just level with the 

 ground. Nothing will kill these except hand-picking ; 

 the soil must be stirred with the hand, and the insects 

 found and destroyed. 



Diseases. Sometimes they die off suddenly, the conse- 

 quence of a too rich or too damp soil. Whenever a 

 plant is struck with this disease, it should be instantly 

 removed. If it has any young, healthy shoots, they 

 may be taken off and put in as cuttings. The place 

 must have the soil removed for a foot square, fresh 

 soil put in, and a new healthy plant inserted. 



HOLLYHOCK DISEASE. (Pucci'niamalvacea'rum.) For 

 the last thirty-seven years or more the Hollyhock, 

 especially the fine-named double forms, has been deci- 

 mated by the above fungus, which is believed to have 

 been brought to Europe from Chili. It attacks various 

 species of Mallow in the wild state, and various garden 

 plants belonging to the Mallow family. It is known 

 only in the Puccinia stage, and the spores quickly 

 germinate, hence the reason for its rapid spread. The 

 disease was very virulent between 1873 and 1890, but 



i since then has decreased in vigour, like many other 



1 introduced diseases, like that which destroyed Verbenas 

 and latterly the Chrysanthemum. The disease makes its 



| appearance, chiefly on the under-side of the leaves, first 

 in the form of discoloured spots, which break through 

 the skin of the leaf, and then look red-brown, becoming 



\ darker as the spores mature. The spores are two- 



, celled, and supported by a slender, colourless stalk, and 

 the great number of the spores give them the hue seen 

 by the naked eye. When first detected, the diseased 



, leaves should be removed and burnt to prevent the 

 spread of the disease. The rest of the foliage should be 

 well sprayed at intervals of ten days, with a solution 

 of sulphide of potassium, at the rate of i oz. to 2 or 3 

 gallons of water. This will not kill the fungus already 

 inside the leaves, but may prevent the spores from 



' germinating afresh on the leaves. 



, HOLLY-LEAF FLY. (Phytomy'xa. I'licis.) In sheltered 

 places more particularly, the leaves of the Holly are very 



i liable to be disfigured by the grub of the small black 

 fly above named. The blotches on the upper surface 

 of the leaf are at first dirty white, but gradually become 

 brown as the tissue of the leaf within decays. The grub 

 is of a pale, dirty white hue, one line long and without 

 legs. Two or three blotches, each containing a grub, 

 may occur on a leaf. As the grub pupates or passes 

 through its various stages to the perfect fly, within the 



' leaf, and makes its appearance early in the following 



t summer, all valuable trees should have the blistered 

 leaves picked off and burnt to prevent a fresh attack in 



I the following year. 



HOLMSKIO LDIA. (Named after T. HolmskioU, a 

 I Danish botanist. Nat. ord. Verbenads [Verbenaceae]. 

 i Linn. n-Didynamia, 2-Angiospermia.) 



Stove evergreens, with scarlet flowers, from the East 



I Indies. Cuttings of young shoots just getting firm at 



the base, in sandy soil, under glass, and in heat ; sandy 



peat, and light, fibrous loam. Summer temp., 60 to 90 ; 

 winter, 50 to 60. 



H. sangui'nea (bloody). 4. 1796. Shrub. 

 sca'ndens (climbing). See H. SANGUINEA. 



HOLOPTEXEA. (From holos, whole, and ptao, to fly ; 

 the whole fruit, styles, and stalk are winged, literally, 

 wholly winged. Nat. ord. Urticaceae. Allied to Ulmus.) 

 A stove tree similar to an Elm. Cuttings in sand, 

 with bottom-heat. Loam, peat, and sand. 

 H. integrifo'lia (entire-leaved). 40. India. 1822. 



HO LOTHRES. (From holos, whole, and thrix, a hair ; 

 in reference to the hairy character of the small-leaved 

 plants. Nat. ord. Orchidaceae.) 



Small, terrestrial or<&ids, which die down annually to 

 the root-stock. They require warm greenhouse treat- 

 ment. Fibrous peat, sphagnum, and charcoal, with 

 plenty of drainage. 



H. lindleya'na (Lindleyan). . White. S. Africa. 1888. 

 ortho'ceras (straight-horned). J. White, striped with 



purple. S. Africa. 1897. 



villo'sa (shaggy). J. Yellow-green, somewhat 

 fragrant. S. Africa. 1908. 



HOMALANTHUS. (From homalos, even or smooth, 

 and anthos, a flower. Nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae.) 



Evergreen, stove shrubs. Cuttings of nearly mature 

 wood, in sand, and placed in a close case, with bottom- 

 heat. Fibrous loam, peat, and sand. 

 H. fastuo'sus (proud). Greenish. Philippines. 1866. 

 gigan&us (giant). Green, or yellow-green. Java. 



1866. 

 leschenaultia'nus (Leschenaultian). 5-14. White. 



August. E. Ind. ; Malaya. 1823. 

 pelta'tus (peltate-leaved). See H. GIGANTEUS. 

 ,, polya'ndrus (many-flowered). Greenish. New Zealand. 



1876. 



populifo'lius (poplar-leaved). See H. LESCHENAUL- 

 TIANUS. 



HOMATJUM. (From homalos, even or smooth. Nat. 

 ord. Samydaceae.) 



A greenhouse, evergreen shrub. Cuttings of half-ripe 

 wood in sand, with gentle bottom-heat. Loam, with a 

 little peat and sand. 

 H. cochinchine'nsis (Cochin-Chinese). See H. FAGI- 



FO'LIUM. 



,, fagifo'lium (beech-leaved). 3-5. White. July. 

 China. 1823. 



HOMALOME'NA, (From homalos, even, and me'ne, 

 the moon ; a fanciful derivation from the native name. 

 Nat. ord. Arads [Araceae]. Linn. zi-Moncecia, j-Hep- 

 andria. Allied to Richardia.) 



Dwarf stove subshrubs or perennials. Offsets from 

 the roots, and dividing the plant ; rich, open loam. 

 Winter temp., 40 to 45. 

 H. aroma,' tica (aromatic). 2. White. July. E. Ind. 



and Malaya. 1810. 



,, ccerule' scens (bluish). Bluish. Malaya. 

 ,, cor dcita (heart-leaved). See H. AROMATICA. 

 insi'gnis (remarkable). Green. Leaves purple be- 

 neath. Borneo. 1885. 



lasioi'des (woolly- like). Country uncertain. 

 mi'nus (lesser). See H. C/ERULESCENS. 

 ,, paludo'sa (marshy). Perak. 

 pelta'ta (peltate). 4-4*. Pink, spotted with white. 



Colombia. 1877. 

 ,, pictura'ta (painted). . Spathe green ; spadix white. 



Colombia. 1873. 



,, pontederiafo'lia. (Pontederia-leaved). Malaya. 

 Rafzlii (Rcezl's). f. Spathe brownish without, 



cream within. Colombia. 1875. 

 rube'scens (reddish). 1-2. Spathe pale purple 



without, white within. India. 1869. 

 ,, ru'bra (red). See H. RUBESCENS. 

 ,, siesmayeria'na (Siesmayerian). Leaves arrow-shaped. 



Borneo. 1885. 



,, Singapore" nsis (Singapore). Singapore. 

 Walli'sii (Wallis's). Spathe red; spadix white. 



Colombia. 1877. 

 Wendla'ndii (Wendland's). 3-4. Costa Rica, 



HOMALONEMA. See HOMALOME'NA. 



HOMALOPE TALUM. (From homalos, like, and 



