ICACINA 



450 



ICE 



/. corona' ria (crown-flowering). See I. UMBELLATA. 

 hyacinthifto'ra (Hyacinth-flowered), i. Milk-white. 



1902. 

 interme'dia (intermediate), i. June. France. 1823. 



Biennial. 



Jorda'ni (Jordan's). Asia Minor. 

 jucu'nda (joyous). See JETHIONEMA JUCUNDA. 

 lagasca'na (Lagascan). White. Spain. 

 na'na (dwarf), i- Purple. June. Europe. 1822. 

 nudicau'lis (naked-stemmed). See TEESDALIA NUDI- 



CAULIS. 



odora'ta (sweet-scented), i. June. Crete. 1806. 

 pectina'ta (comb-like). White. Spain. 

 serrula'ta (saw-edged). White. Dalmatia. 

 tau'rica (Taurian). $. May. Caucasus. 1802. 



Biennial. 

 umbella'ta (umbelled). i. Purple. June. S. Europe. 



1596. 



atropurpu'rea (dark purple). 

 ca'rnea (flesh). 

 na'na purpu'rea (dwarf purple). 

 ,, purpu'rea lilaci'na (purple-lilac). 

 viola' cea (violet). J. Purple. June. 1782. 

 virgi'nica (Virginian). See LEPIDIUM VIRGINICUM. 



GREENHOUSE EVERGREEN. 

 /. gibralta'rica (Gibraltar), i. Whitish-pink. May. 



Gibraltar. 1732. 

 hy'brida (hybrid). White to rose-purple. 



HARDY EVERGREENS. 



I. carno'sa (fleshy). Europe. 

 confe'rta (crowded). J. June. Spain. 1827. 

 contra'cta (contracted). J. May Spain. 1824. 

 ro'sea (rosy). Rose. 1888. 

 corifo'lia (Coris-leaved). J. June. S.Europe. 1739. 

 correafo'Ua (Correa-leaved). J. Flowers large, pure 



white. Garden origin. 

 garrexia'na (Garrex's). See I. SEMPERVIRENS GAR- 



REXIANA. 



Prui'tii (Pruit's). . May. Sicily. 



pube'scens (downy), . Pale violet. June. 



pu'mila (dwarf). See THLASPI PUMILUM. 



saxatilis (rock). |. May. S. Europe. 1739. 



semper flo'r ens (ever-flowering), ij. May. Sicily. 



1679. 



flo're ple'no (double-flowered). 

 sempervi'rens (evergreen). J. May. Candia. 1731. 

 garrexia'na (Garrexian). i. May. Piedmont. 



1820. 



spathula'ta (spathulate). See I. CARNOSA. 

 stylo' sa (long-styled). See NOCOEA STYLOS A. 

 tenorca'na (Tenore's). $. Pale purple. June. 



Naples. 1802. 



ICACI'NA. (Literally, like Icaco. Nat. ord. Olaci- 

 nacea?.) 



A stove shrub with a massive tuberous root-stock, 

 and thin climbing stems. Cuttings of short side-shoots 

 with a heel of the old wood in sand and placed in a close 

 case, with bottom-heat. Fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and 

 sand. 

 /. Ma'nni (Mann's). Pale yellow. Old Calabar. 1865. 



ICACO'REA GUIANE'NSIS. See ARDISIA ACUMINATA. 



ICE. Mr. Beaton finds that the cheapest and most 

 effectual mode of preserving this is in what he terms an 

 Iceberg, and it is thus constructed. Choose a natural 

 hollow for the site of the iceberg, where the bank on 

 one side is steep, and let the outside of the cone, when 

 it is finished, be at six feet from the bottom of the bank. 

 Some such space is necessary between the bank and the 

 ice, to get rid of any rain or snow water that may run 

 down the bank before it gets to the ice. At the bottom 

 of the bank, and half-way up, posts are to be let into the 

 ground in pairs, four feet apart, and braced together 

 with a strong piece of timber set across, as builders do 

 their scaffolding ; let planks for wheeling on be made 

 into a long trough, inclining from the top of the bank, 

 and resting on those cross pieces ; the bottom of the 

 trough being carried out to near the intended centre of 

 the cone, and far above it ; and the ice should be broken 

 on a platform of boards at the top of the bank, and 

 poured down the inclined trough. The broken ice should 



be spread a little by some one as it falls from the spout, 

 care being taken that the cone is brought up regularly ; 

 and when the ice reaches the height of the bottom of 

 the spout, the planks are to be re-arranged, so as to allow 

 room for throwing off the ice as fast as it comes down ; 

 and, finally, when the cone is finished into a sharp point, 

 the whole must be left till the first frost after mild or 

 thawing weather. The outside of the iceberg has then 

 melted a little ; but on the first hard frosty night the 

 whole is frozen over again, and the outside of the cone 

 is then as if it were one solid face of rugged ice ; and 

 now is the time to thatch it entirely over with good long 

 straw, about the same thickness as you would a wheat 

 or barley stack, and no more, provided you have cheaper 

 materials to give it a good thick covering afterwards. 

 At Shrubland Park they use large quantities of leaves, 

 and nothing else, over the straw ; these are thrown on 

 at intervals, so that the leaves do not heat by putting 

 too many on at once. The depth of covering over the 

 straw is sometimes twice as much as in other seasons, 

 according to the quantity of leaves on hand ; but two feet 

 in thickness does not preserve the ice better than one 

 foot. The ice is never uncovered by high winds blowing 

 off the leaves, though nothing is put upon them to keep 

 them down. 



Perfect exemption from wet or damp is necessary for 

 the bottom of an iceberg ; and a few pieces of rough wood 

 put upon such a place, and covered with brushwood about 

 a foot, and that again covered with six inches of straw, 

 is sufficient. The brushwood and straw are soon com- 

 pressed into a few inches by the weight of the ice ; and 

 as the ice melts, the water passes through, without 

 hindrance, into cross, open drains at the bottom. When 

 ice is required the thatch is opened at the bottom each 

 time, the ice cut out with a pickaxe, and the thatch 

 replaced. 



If an Ice-house is built, Mr. Cobbett's plan, as follows, 

 is the best. Mark off the centre of a circle, the diameter 

 of which is ten feet, and at this centre you put up a 

 post to stand fifteen feet above the level of the ground, 

 which post ought to be about ten inches through at the 

 bottom, and not much smaller at the top. Great care 

 must be taken that this post be perfectly perpendicular, 

 or the whole building will be awry ; at three feet from 

 this put fifteen posts, nine feet high, and six inches 

 through at the bottom, without much tapering towards 

 the top. These posts stand about two feet apart, reckon- 

 ing from centre of post to centre of post, which leaves 

 between each two a space of eighteen inches ; outside 

 put fifty-four posts, five feet high, and five inches 

 through at the bottom, without much tapering 

 towards the top. These posts stand about two feet 

 apart from centre of post to centre of post, which 

 leaves between each two a space of nineteen inches. 

 The space between these two rows of posts is about 

 two feet in width, and is to contain a wall of straw ; 

 have a passage through this wall ; have an outside door 

 to the passage, and an inside door ; and the inner circle, 

 with the pole in the centre, is the place in which the 

 ice is to be deposited. The wall is to be made of straw, 

 wheat straw, or rye straw, with no rubbish in it, and 

 made very smooth by the hand as it is put in. Lay it in 

 very closely and very smoothly, so that if the wall were 

 cut across the ends of the straw would present a 

 compact wall. It requires something to keep the straw 

 from bulging out between the posts ; little stakes as big 

 as your wrist will answer this purpose. Drive them into 

 the ground, and fasten at the top to the plates, which 

 are pieces of wood that go all round both the circles, 

 and are nailed upon the tops of the posts. Their main 

 business is to receive and sustain the lower ends of the 

 rafters, which will be twice as numerous in the 

 lower as in the upper half of the roof. The roof is 

 forty-five degrees pitch, as the carpenters call it. If 

 it were even sharper it would be none the worse. 

 There will be about thirty ends of rafters to lodge on 

 the plate covering the inner circle, and these cannot all 

 be fastened to the top of the centre post. The plate 

 which goes along on the tops of this row of posts must 

 be put on in a somewhat sloping form, otherwise there 

 would be a sort of hip formed by the rafters. The best 

 way to put on such deep thatch is to have a strong man 

 to tie for the thatcher. The thatch is to be of clean, 

 sound, and well-prepared wheat or rye straw, four feet 

 thick, to keep out the heat. The bed for the ice is the 



