ICE-PLANT 



451 



ILEX 



circle, six feet wide in the centre. Begin by laying on the 

 ground round logs, eight inches through or thereabouts, 

 and placing them across the area, leaving spaces between 

 them of about a foot. Then, crossways on these, poles 

 about four inches through, placed at six inches apart. 

 Then, crossways on them, rods as thick as your finger, 

 placed at an inch apart. Then, again, small, clean, dry, 

 last winter-cut twigs, to the thickness of about two inches, 

 or, instead of these twigs, good, clean, strong rushes, 

 free from grass and moss, and from rubbish of all 

 sorts. Upon this bed the ice is put, broken, and beaten 

 down together in the usual manner. As we have seen, 

 there is a passage ; two feet wide is enough for this 

 passage, so that you may have two doors, and the inner 

 door open- This inner door may be of hurdle-work and 

 straw, and covered on one of the sides with sheep-skins 

 with the wool on, so as to keep out the external air. 

 The outer door, which must lock, must be of wood, made 

 to shut very closely, and covered, besides, with skins 

 like the other. At times of great danger from heat or 

 from wet, the whole of the passage may be filled with 

 straw. The door of the house should face the north, or 

 between north and east. As to the size of the ice-house, 

 that must of course depend upon the quantity of ice 

 that you may choose to have. A cubic foot of "ice will, 

 when broken up, fill much more than a Winchester 

 bushel. 



ICE-PLANT. Mesembrya'nthemum crystalli'num, and 

 Tetrago'nia crystalli'na. 



ICHNEUMON FLIES. Most insects have their parasites 

 which prey upon them in some way or other and thus 

 keep their numbers down. The Ichneumons are flies 

 which lay their eggs in the bodies of living green-flies, 

 which may often be seen sticking to plants in large 

 numbers, dead and brown, with a hole in their back from 

 whence the ichneumon has come out. The large white 

 cabbage butterfly has, at least, two ichneumons. Micro- 

 gaster glomeratus lays its eggs in large numbers in the 

 caterpillar, and when the eggs hatch out the maggots 

 feed on the substance, without killing the caterpillar, 

 and when full fed they come out and spin small yellow 

 cocoons in clusters beside the dead caterpillar. Ptero- 

 malus Brassica lays its eggs beside or on the chrysalid 

 of the same species of butterfly, and the maggots, 

 numbering over 200, feed upon the contents of the 

 chrysalid. Hcmiteles melanarius preys upon the green- 

 veined white butterfly. These ichneumons should not 

 be destroyed. 



ICHNOCA'RPUS. (From ichnos, a vestige, and karpos, 

 a fruit ; in reference to the slender seed-vessels. Nat. 

 ord. Dogbanes [Apocynaceae]. Linn. $-Pentandria, i- 

 Monogynia. Allied to Apocynum.) 



Stove evergreen twiners. Cuttings of small side-shoots 

 in April, in sand, and in heat ; peat and loam. Summer 

 temp., 60 to 80 ; winter, 50. 

 /. acumina'tus (long-pointed). See ACANOSUA MAR- 



GINATA. 



caryophylla'tus (clove). See AGANOSMA CARYOPHYL- 



LATA. 



cymo'sus (cymose). See AGANOSMA CYMOSA. 

 e'legans (elegant). See AGANOSMA CYMOSA. 

 frute'scens (shrubby). 10. Purple. July. Ceylon. 



1759- 



margina'tus (margined). See AGANOSMA MARGINATA. 

 Roxbu'rghii (Roxburgh's). See AGANOSMA CALYCINA. 

 Walli'chii (Wallich's). See AGANOSMA CALYCINA. 



ICICA. (The native name in Guiana. Nat. ord. 

 Burserads [Burseraceas]. Linn. lo-Decandria, i-Mono- 

 gynia. See PROTIUM.) 



/. alti'ssima (highest). See PROTIUM ALTISSIMUM. 

 deca'ndra (ten-stamened). See PROTIUM DECANDRUM. 

 ennea'ndra (nine-stamened). See PROTIUM DECAN- 

 DRUM. 



guiane'nsis (Guiana). See PROTIUM GUIANENSE. 

 heterophy'lla (various-leaved). See PROTIUM ARA- 



COUCHINI. 



Tacamaha'ca (Tacamahac). See PROTIUM HEPTA- 

 PHYLLUM. 



IDE SIA. (In commemoration of a Dutchman named 

 Ysbratits Idts. Nat. ord. Bixaceas.) 



A hardy ornamental tree of low stature, with 

 heart-shaped leaves, not unlike those of a lime. See< 

 cuttings of side-shoots, with a heel of the old wood in 

 spring, inserted in sand in a gentle heat. Ordinary soil. 

 /. polyca'rpa (many-fruited). 12. Greenish. Berries 



orange, changing to blue-black. Japan. 

 ,, cri'spa (crisped). Leaves crisped. 1888. 

 > fo'liis variega'tis (variegated- leaved). Variegation 

 sulphur-yellow. 1902. 



I DRIA. (From idreia, or idria, skill ; in allusion to 

 the adaptation of the plant to its habitat. Nat. ord. 

 Tamaricaceae.) 



Allied to, if not identical with, Fouquiera. 



A curious, greenhouse shrub with thick pyramidal 

 spiny stems. Seeds ; cuttings under a hand-light in a 

 greenhouse. Loam, leaf-mould, and plenty of sand. 

 /. colutnna'ria (columnar). Straw-coloured. Lower 

 California. 1896. 



IGUANU'RA. (From iguana, the animal of that name, 

 and ura, a tail. Nat. ord. Palmacea?.) 



Stove Palms. Seeds. Loam, one-third peat, and a 

 little sand. 



/. Curti'sii (Curtis's). 1905. 



speranskya'na (Speranskyan). Leaves densely tufted, 

 spiny. Malaya. 1898. 



ILEX. The Holly. (From the resemblance of the 

 leaves to the Ilex of Virgil, QuSrcus I'lex. Nat. ord. 

 Hollyworts [Aquifoliaceae]. Linn. 4-Tetrandria, 3-Tetra- 

 gynia.) 



All white-flowered but one. By seed, which should be 

 kept in the rot-heap for a twelvemonth after gathering, 

 frequently turned in the meantime, to rot the pulp, 

 and then sown in beds. The varieties by grafting and 

 budding the first in March, and the second in July ; 

 by cuttings of the ripened summer shoots in autumn, on 

 a north border, and covered with hand-glasses. Soil, 

 sandy loam, in any place free from stagnant water. See 

 HOLLY. 



GREENHOUSE EVERGREENS. 



/ angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved) See I. DAHOON. 

 , betschleria'na (Betschlerian). Mexico. . 

 , canarie'nsis (Canary). 16. May. Canaries. 1820. 

 , cape'nsis (Cape). S. Africa. 

 , chine'nsis (Chinese). 10. July. China. 1814. 

 conoca'rpa (conical-fruited). 6. White. Brazil. 



"Mate " or " Paraguay Tea." 

 donia'na (Donian). 18. White. June. Himalayas. 



1820. 



exce'lsa (lofty). See I. DONIANA. 

 magella'nica (Magellan). Magellan. 1838. Half- 

 hardy. 



Pera'do (Perado). 10. Pink. May. Madeira. 1760. 

 platyfhy'Ua (broad-leaved) 20. June. Canaries. 



18 -.4. 

 serru'ta (saw-edged-fcai;#f). Japan. 1840. 



STOVE EVERGREENS. 



/. Gp'ngonha (Gongonha). See VILLARESIA MUCRONATA. 

 insi'gnis (remarkable). 8-10. Malaya. 1880. 

 monta'na (mountain). 4. W. Ind. 1820. 

 myrtifo'lia (myrtle-leaved). 6. July. W. Ind. 1806. 

 ,, ni' gro-puncta' ta (black-spotted). Brazil. 

 Paraguay e'nsis (Paraguay Tea). 15. Paraguay. 1823. 

 salicifo'lia (willow-leaved). See GYMNOSPORIA TRI- 



GYNA. 



Scopulo'rum (of the rocks). Ecuador. 



HARDY EVERGREEN AND DECIDUOUS. 



I. ambi'gua (ambiguous). 3-5. S. United States. 1812 



Deciduous. 



/lm/a'MC/i!r(Amelanchier). S. United States. 1889 

 ,, Aquifo'lium (prickly-leaved. Common). 20. May. 



Britain. 



,, a'lbo-margina'ta (white-edged). 12. May. Britain. 

 ,, a'lbo-pi'cta (white-painted. Milkmaid). 20. 



April. Britain. 



,, altaclare nsii (High-Clere). 20. April. Britain. 

 ,, ,, angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 20. May. Britain. 

 ,, ,, arge'ntea medio-pi'cta (middle-blotched). " Silver 



Milkmaid." 

 >i arge'ntea pe'ndula (weeping). " Perry's Weeping." 



