MALVASTRUM 



528 



MAMILLARIA 



M. involucra'la (involucrated). See CALLIRHOE INVOLU- 



CRATA. 



ita'lica (Italian). See M. ALCEA. 



lateri'tia (brick-coloured). See MALVASTRUM LATERI- 



TIUM. 



monroa'na (Monro's). See SPH^RALCEA MUNROANA. 

 More'nii (Moreni's). See M. ALCEA FASTIGIATA. 

 moscha'ta (musk). 2. Flesh. June. Britain. 

 , a'lba (white). 2. White. June. Britain. 1881. 

 , undula'ta (waved). 2. White. July. 

 , oxy'loba (sharp-lobed). Orient. 

 , Papa'ver (Papaver). See CALLIRHO PAPAVER. 

 , parviflo'ra (small-flowered). Pink. Europe. 

 , punciu la (dotted). See LAVATERA PUNCTATA. 

 rivularis (stream-bank). See SPH^ERALCEA ACERI- 



FOLIA. 

 rotundifo'lia (round-leaved). J. Pale pink. Europe 



(Britain). 

 sylve'stris (wild). 2-5. Purple. June to September. 



Europe (Britain). " Mallow." 

 zebri'na (zebra-striped). See M. SYLVESTRIS. 



MALVA'STRUM. (From Malva, and astrum, a star ; 

 literally, star Malva. Nat. ord. Malvaceae.) 



Greenhouse evergreen herbs or subshrubs, and hardy 

 herbs. Greenhouse species by cuttings in light sandy 

 soil under a bell-glass or hand-light, and the hardy ones 

 by division in spring or seeds. Loam, leaf-mould, and 

 sand for the greenhouse ones; ordinary soil or the 

 rockery for the hardy ones. 

 M. aspe'rrimum (very rough). 3. Red. July. S. 



Africa. 1796. 

 bryonifo'lium (bryony-leaved). 4. Purple. July. 



S. Africa. 1731. 

 calyci'num (large-calyxed). 3-4. Purple or pink. 



April. S. Africa. 1796. 

 campanula' turn (bell-shaped), i-ij. Pink, lilac, or 



pale red. Chili. 1825. 

 cape'nse (Cape). 3-10. Red, white, or purple. June. 



S. Africa. 1713. Plant aromatic. 

 balsa'micum (balsamic). 4. Pink or red. July. 



S. Africa. 1759. 

 Lindemu'thii (Lindemuth's). Rose-red, shaded 



violet. Leaves variegated with yellow. 1903. 

 capita' turn ( headed). 2. Red. April. Argentina. 1798. 

 cocci'neum (scarlet). . Scarlet. July. N.W. Amer. 



1811. Hardy. 

 grossulariafo'lium (gooseberry-leaved). 1$. Red. 



July to September. United States. 1835. 

 divarica'tum (spreading). White, with a purple spot 



on each petal. June. S. Africa. 

 fra'grans (fragrant). 3. Scarlet. June. S. Africa. 



r 759- Plant with balsamic odour. 

 Gillie' sii (Gillies'). . Bright red. June to Sep- 

 tember. Parana. 1885. Hardy. 

 grossularitzfo'lium (gooseberry-leaved). 3-6. Rose. 



June. S. Africa. 



hypoma'darum (bald-beneath). 2-10. White, with 

 five rose blotches. February, March. S. Africa. 

 1808. 

 lateri'tium (brick-red). J. Red. September. 



Uruguay. 1840. Hardy. 



lime'nse (Liman). i. Pink. Chili. Hardy. 

 muwoa'nttw(Munroan). See SPH^ERALCEA MUNROANA. 

 peruvia'num (Peruvian). 2-3. Pink. June to 



October. Mexico. 

 Ruge'lii (Rugel's). 6. YeUow. April. N. Amer. 



1782. 



sca'brum (rough). 4. Yellow. June. Peru. 1798. 

 spica'tum (spiked). 2. Orange. July. Tropics. 

 stri'ctutn (upright). 3. White. April. S. Africa. 



1805. 

 tricuspida'tum (three-pointed), i. Yellow. July. 



Tropics of both Worlds. 1726. Biennial. 

 tridactyli' tes (three-fingered). 3. Pink. July. S. 



Africa. 1791. 

 gla'bra (smooth). Pink or rosy-purple. April. 



S. Africa. 1794. 

 vitifo'lium (vine-leaved). 4. White. January. 



Mexico. 1780. 



MALVAVTSCUS. (From malva, the Mallow, and 

 viscus, glue; referring to the mucilage with which it 

 abounds. Nat. ord. Mallowworts [Malvaceae]. Linn. 

 i6-Monadelphia, 8-Polyandria.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Cuttings of the somewhat 

 stubby side-shoots in sand, under a bell-glass, and in 

 heat ; but the bell-glass must be elevated at night, to 



?revent damping ; fibrous peat, and sandy, lumpy loam. 

 Winter temp., 50" ; summer, 60* to 85*. 

 M. arbo'reus (tree). 12. Scarlet. S. Amer. 1714. 

 ,, mo'llis (soft). 12. Scarlet. August. Mexico. 1780. 

 ,, pilo'sus (shaggy). See M. ARBOREUS. 



MAMESTRA. Cabbage Moths. The winged form of 

 Mamestra Brassicce makes its appearance in May and 

 J une, during the evenings, flying about in gardens, and 

 laying its eggs on a great variety of plants, but preferring 

 Cabbages, Cauliflowers, and other vegetables of that 

 class. The caterpillars hatch in a few days, and are at 

 first green, but may become more or less shaded with 

 black on the back, or variegated with flesh-coloured 

 markings. If numerous they are very destructive, de- 

 vouring the leaves and penetrating into the heart of 

 Cabbages and Cauliflowers, which they render useless 

 by their excrement. The moth is if-ij in. in expanse. 

 The fore-wings are dark grey, much marked with black, 

 with two spots near the edges and a very wavy white 

 line near the end of each. The moth continues on the 

 wing from May till J uly. 



Another species, Mamestra oleracea, more correctly 

 named Hadena oleracea, makes its appearance in June, 

 and lays its eggs on a great variety of low-growing plants, 

 including such vegetables as Cabbages, Lettuces, Broccoli, 

 and whatever may be in the ground at the time. The 

 caterpillar is ochreous-brown, dotted with white, with a 

 brown line on the back, and a bright yellow line on either 

 side, edged with a dark colour. It feeds during August 

 and September, and passes into the soil, where its 

 cocoon may be found during the winter while digging. 

 The moth is a little under to a little over ij in. in expanse. 

 The fore-wings are dull, dark red, with two deep orange 

 spots near the edges, and a pale wavy line near the ends. 



Needless to say, the Cabbage ground and that near the 

 vegetable quarters should be kept perfectly clear of 

 weeds that would afford food and shelter to the cater- 

 pillars. Hand-picking when they appear on the leaves 

 is a tedious but very effective remedy, and if children 

 were employed to collect the caterpillars it could be done 

 at moderate cost, and thus save a vast amount of trouble 

 in the following year. After attaining a certain size 

 the caterpillars often go down to the ground by day and 

 feed at night. A ring of gas-lime, that has been exposed 

 to the air for two months before being put round the 

 base of the stem, has been found serviceable in pre- 

 venting the caterpillars from crawling up again. 



MAMILLARIA. (From mamilla, the diminutive of 

 mamma, a teat ; in allusion to the prominences on the 

 angles of the stem. Nat. ord. Cactaceae.) 



Dwarf plants, composed of an assemblage of tubercles, 

 somewhat resembling the teats of animals ; these are 

 generally terminated with bunches of hairy bristles, and 

 between them the flowers appear. To grow them success- 

 fully, they should be fresh dressed, or repotted, in sandy 

 loam and peat, with a fair portion of brick rubbish and 

 cow-dung, old and dried, in April or May ; afterwards 

 kept in a temperature of from 75* to 90, with plenty of 

 atmospheric moisture, but little or no water given to 

 the roots until they are rooting freely ; then water may 

 be given, and the stimulus to growth continued for two 

 or three months, when moisture must be gradually with- 

 drawn, even when the sun heat is allowed to remain in 

 as great a degree to consolidate the tissues ; and in the 

 end of autumn the atmosphere must be gradually cooled, 

 to enable the plants to stand dry, and in a dry atmosphere, 

 and a temperature of from 45 to 50 during the winter. 

 No shade will be required, unless just after potting, 

 before fresh growth is made. Those who try them in 

 windows may easily give them the above treatment by 

 placing them in a dose box or pit for two months in 

 summer. Easily propagated by offsets and protuberances. 

 Their greatest enemy is the red spider ; plenty of syring- 

 ing when growing in summer, and steaming with sulphur 

 from the hot-water pipes at other times, is the best 

 remedy. Water somewhat liberally in summer, when in 

 flower and growing ; little or none must be given at 

 other times. 



M. acanthophle'gma (flame-spined). Pink. Mexico. 1846. 

 aloi'des (Aloe-like). See ANHALONIUM PRISMATICUM. 



