MANGIFERA 



531 



MANURES 



M. bi'color (two-coloured). See M. LUTEO-RUBRA. 

 cocci' nea (scarlet). See M. LYGISTUM. 

 cordifo'lia (heart-leaved). 5. Scarlet. August. 



Brazil. 



,, gla'bra (smooth-surfaced). See M. CORDIFOLIA. 

 infla'ta (inflated). 3-5. Scarlet, yellow. S. Brazil. 



1904. Closely allied to M. luteo-rubra. 

 lu'teo-ru'bra (yellow-red). 3-4. Scarlet, yellow. 



March. Brazil. 1843. 

 Lygi'stum (Lygistum). 20. Pink to scarlet. March. 



Cuba. 1822. 



mi'cans (glittering). 3-5. Scarlet. Brazil. 1880. 

 splt'ndcns (splendid). Crimson. May. Caracas. 



1840. 

 uniflo'ra (one-flowered). 3. Rose. November. St. 



Martha. 1844. 



MANGI'FERA. Mango-tree. (From mango, the 

 Hindoo name of the fruit, and fero, to bear. Nat. ord. 

 Anacards [Anacardiaceae]. Linn. 2^-Polygamia, i- 

 Moncecia.) 



The Mango is the most esteemed fruit in India, having 

 a grateful perfumed flavour. Stove evergreen trees. 

 Cuttings of the nearly ripe shoots in sand, under a glass, 

 and in heat ; peat and rich loam. Winter temp., 50* to 

 60 ; summer, 60* to 90. 

 M. fce'tida (fetid). 20. Red. Malaya. 1824. 



July. India and 



See BOUEA BUR- 



i'ndica (Indian). 20. White. 



Malaya. 1690. " Mango." 

 oppositifo'lia (opposite-leaved). 



HANICA. 



MANGLE SIA. (Named after Captain Mangles, and 

 his brother, Robert Mangles, Esq., of Sunning Hill, dis- 

 tinguished patrons of botany. Nat. ord. Proteads [Pro- 

 teaceae]. Linn. ^-Tetrandria, i-Monogynia. United to 

 Grevillea.) 

 M. cunea'ta (wedge-shaped). See GREVILLEA GLABRATA. 



glabra'ia (smooth). See GREVILLEA GLABRATA. 



vesti'ta (clothed). See GREVILLEA VESTITA. 



MANGLI'LLA. See MYRSINE. 



MANGO GINGER. Cu'rcuma ama'da. 



MANGOSTEEN. Garci'nia. 



MANGO- TREE. See MANGI'FERA. 



MANGROVE. Rhizo'phora. 



MANIC A'RIA. (From manica, a glove, referring to 

 the spathe, or rolling leaf which surrounds the flower- 

 stem. Nat. ord. Palms [Palmaceae]. Linn. zi-Monoecia, 

 g-Enneandria.) 



Stove Palm. Seeds in a strong heat, in a hotbed ; 

 rich, sandy loam. Winter temp., 55* to 65* ; summer, 

 65* to 90*. 

 M. sacci'fera (bag- bearing). 30. S. Amer. 1823. 



MA NIHOT. (The Brazilian name of the root. Nat. 

 ord. Spurgeworts [Euphorbiaceae]. Linn. zi-Monoecia, 

 j-Heptandria. Allied to Jatropha.) 



Stove evergreen shrubs, except digita'ta, which only 

 requires a greenhouse. Cuttings of mature wood in 

 sand and placed in a close case with bottom- heat. 

 Fibrous loam, peat, some nodules of charcoal and sand. 

 M. (Bsculifo'lia (chestnut- leaved). 3. Mexico. 1826. 

 Ai'pi (Aipi). Trop. Amer. " Sweet Cassava." 

 carthagine' nsis (Carthaginian). 3. July. Carthagena. 



1820. 

 ,, digita' ta (forges-leaved) . Blue, green. July. Australia. 



1820. 



fce'tida (fetid). 3. Brown. Mexico. 1824. 

 Glazio'vii (Glaziou's). Brazil. " Ceara Rubber." 

 gra'cilis (slender). Brown, green. July. Brazil. 



1822. 

 tenuifo'lia (slender-leaved). Blue, brown. June. 



Brazil. 1822. 



palma'ta (hand-shaped). Brazil. 

 sinua'ta (-wavy-edged). Brown. July. Brazil. 1824. 

 tenuifo'lia (thin-leaved). See M. GRACILIS TENUI- 



FOLIA. 



utili'ssima (most-useful). 3. July. Brazil. 1739. 

 " Bitter Cassava." 



MANNA. Alha'gi. 



MANNA ASH. Fra'xinus (Xfimi. 



MANTI SIA. Opera Girls. (Named after an insect, 

 Mantis, to which the flowers have been compared. Nat. 

 ord. Ginger-worts [Scitaminaceae], Linn. i~Monandria t 

 i-Monogynia. Allied to Ginger.) 



Stove herbaceous evergreens, from the East Indies. 

 Division of the roots, as growth commences ; sandy peat 

 and fibrous loam, well drained. Winter temp., 48" to 

 55* ; summer, 60* to 85*. 



M. saltato'ria (dancing), i. Purple. July. 1808. 

 spathula'ta (spathulate). i. Blue. June. 1823. 



MANU'LEA. (From manus, the hand ; from a faint 

 resemblance in the divisions of the flower. Nat. ord. 

 Figwprts [Scrophulariaceae]. T.inn- i^-Didynamia, 2- 

 Angiospermia. Allied to Chaenostoma.) 



Greenhouse evergreens, from South Africa. Several 

 species are taken from this genus and added to Lyperia. 

 Seeds, sown in spring, in a slight hotbed ; cuttings of the 

 young shoots, firm at their base, in sand, under a bell- 

 glass, but without bottom-heat ; sandy loam and peat, 

 and leaf-mould. Winter temp., 38* to 48*. 

 M. Cheira'nthus (wallflower), i. Orange. August. 1795. 



corda'ta (heart-leaved). See CILENOSTOMA CORDATUM. 



fce'tiaa (fetid). See CH^ENOSTOMA FCETIDUM. 



hi'spida (roughly- hairy). See CH.SNOSTOMA HISPIDUM. 



oppositifo'lia (opposite-leaved). See CH/ENOSTOMA 

 HISPIDUM. 



peduncula'ta (long-stalked). See LYPERIA PEDUNCU- 



LATA. 



pinnati'fida (pinnately-cut). See LYPERIA PINNATI- 



FIDA. 



,, ru'bra (red), ij. Red. June. 1790. 

 viola'cea (violet). See LYPERIA VIOLACEA. 

 visco'sa (clammy). See SPHENANDRA VISCOSA. 



MANURES are either animal, vegetable, or mineral. 

 They directly assist the growth of plants, by entering 

 into their composition, by absorbing and retaining 

 moisture from the atmosphere, by absorbing the gases 

 of the atmosphere, and by stimulating the vascular 

 system of the plants. Manures indirectly assist vegeta- 

 tion, by killing predatory vermin and weeds, by pro- 

 moting the decomposition of stubborn organic remains 

 in the soil, and by protecting plants from violent changes 

 of temperature. 



All these properties seldom, if ever, occur in one species 

 of manure ; but each is usually particularised by possess- 

 ing one or more in a superior degree. That is the most 

 generally applicable manure which is composed of matters 

 essential to the growth of plants : the chief of these 

 are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen ; therefore all animal 

 and vegetable substances are excellent manures. It 

 would evidently be of great benefit if every plant could 

 be manured with the decaying parts of its own species. 

 This rule might be so far followed as that the stems of 

 potatoes, peas, &c., could be dug respectively into the 

 compartments where those crops are intended to be 

 grown in the following year ; but such manure requires 

 the addition of ammoniacal salts. 



Some manures ameliorate a soil by absorbing moisture 

 from the atmosphere. This property is, at least, as 

 beneficial to ground that is aluminous as to that which 

 is siliceous ; for it is equally useless to either during 

 periods of plentiful rain ; but in the drought of summer, 

 when moisture is much wanting to plants, it is beneficial 

 to both ; in very dry seasons it is even of greater im- 

 portance to clayey than to light soils ; for vegetation on 

 the former suffers more from long-continued drought 

 than on the latter, the surface of the clayey soil becoming 

 caked and impervious to air, the only grand source of 

 compensatory moisture that is available to the languish- 

 ing plants, and which is more open to those which grow 

 on light, and, consequently, more pervious soils. 



The following table of the comparative absorbent 

 powers of many manures is extracted chiefly from An 

 Essay on the Use of Salt in Agriculture, by Mr. Cuthbert 

 J ohnson : 



Horse-dung evaporated previously to dryness, at a 

 temperature of too", absorbed during an exposure of 

 three hours to air saturated with moisture at 62", 145 

 parts ; putrefied tanners' bark, under similar circum- 

 stances (66), r45 parts; unputrefied tanners' bark, 

 115 parts; cow-dung, 130 parts ; pig-dung, 120; sheep- 

 dung, 81 ; pigeon-dung, 50 ; refuse marine salt (60), 

 49j ; soot (68*), 36 ; burnt clay, 29 ; the richest soU 



