PARKIA 



635 



PARSNIP 



PA'RKIA. Nitta-tree. (Named after Mungo Park, 

 the African traveller. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants 

 [Leguminosa?]. Linn. i6-Monadelphia, 6-Decandria. 

 Allied to Mimosa.) 



Stove evergreen trees, with crimson flowers. Cuttings 

 of half-ripened shoots in sand, in heat, under a ibell- 

 glass, in May ; sandy peat and loam. Winter temp., 

 48 to 50 ; summer, 60 to 80. 



P. africa'na( African). 30. March. Trop. Africa. 1822. 

 biglandulo'sa (two-glanded). Brown-yellow, white. 



Malaya. 



biglobo'sa (two-globed). See P. AFRICANA. 

 Roxbu'rghii (Roxburg's). Trop. Asia. 

 uniglobo'sa (one-globed- flowered) . See P. AFRICANA. 



PARKINSO'NIA. (Named after /. Parkinson, a 

 botanical author. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [Legumi- 

 nosae]. Linn. lo-Decandria, i-Monogynia. Allied to 

 Poinciana.) 



Stove evergreen shrub. Seeds, when obtainable; 

 cuttings of half -ripened shoots, treated like Parkia. 

 P. aculea'ta (prickly). 12. Yellow. Trop. Amer. 1739. 



PARMENTIE'RA. (Commemorative of A. Parmentier, 

 who wrote about esculent plants. Nat. ord. Bignoniacea?.) 



Evergreen stove tree. Cuttings of half-ripe wood in 

 sand in a propagating case, with bottom-heat. Loam, 

 peat, and sand. 



P. ccrei'fera (wax-bearing). White. Fruit waxy-yellow, 

 2-3 ft. long. Panama. 1866. " Candle Tree." 



PARNA'SSIA. Grass of Parnassus. (Named after 

 Mount Parnassus, where, from the elegance of these 

 plants, they were fabulously said to have first sprung. 

 Nat. ord. Saxifrages [Saxifragacea?]. Linn. s-Pentandria, 

 3-Tetragynia.) 



P. palu'stris is one of our prettiest British marsh plants. 

 Hardy, herbaceous, white-flowered perennials. Seeds 

 and divisions in spring ; shady, marshy places. 

 P. america'na (American). See P. CAROLINIANA. 

 asarifo'lia ( Asarum- leaved) . . July. N. Amer. 



1812. 



carolinia'na (Carolina). 4. May. N. Amer. 1802. 

 fimbria'ta, (fringed). . "July. N. Amer. 

 nubi'cola (cloud-dwelling). | i. White and green ; 

 fringe of glands yellow. July. Himalaya. 1881. 

 nuda'ta (naked). See P. ASARIFOLIA. 

 palu'stris (marsh). \. July. Britain. "Common 



Grass of Parnassus." 

 ,, califo'rnica (Californian). $. White. July. 



California. 

 parvifio'ra (small-flowered). . June. N. Amer. 



1820. 



specio'sa (showy). See P. CAROLINIANA. 

 vulga'ris (common). See P. PALUSTRIS. 



PARNASSUS, GRASS OF. See PARXASSIA PALUSTRIS. 



PARO'CHETUS. (From para, near, and ochetos, a 

 brook ; its habitat. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants 

 [Leguminosa3]. Linn. ij-Diadelphia, ^-Decandria. Allied 

 to Ononis.) 



Half-hardy, evergreen, Nepaulese creepers. Division 

 in spring ; cuttings under a hand-light, in summer ; 

 loam and leaf-mould. The protection of a cold pit in 

 winter. 



P. commu'nis (common). Purple. July. 1820. " Blue- 

 flowered Shamrock." 

 ma'jor (larger). Lilac. June. 1827. 

 oxalidifo'lius (Oxalis-leaved). See P. COMMUNIS. 



PARONY'CHIA. Nail-wort. (From paronuchia, an 

 old Greek name for a whitlow, which it was supposed 

 to cure. Nat. ord. Illecebracea?.) 



Low, creeping, perennial herbs, suitable for the rockery 

 or for carpeting the ground beneath taller plants. Seeds 

 and divisions. Ordinary soil, well-drained. 

 P. arge'ntea (silvery). J. Silvery- white. Mediterranean 



region. 1879. 



capita' ta (headed). J. Green. S. Europe, &c. 

 chioncz'a (Chioan). See P. CAPITATA. 

 frutico'sa (shrubby). {. Green. July. Western 



Mediterranean region. 



Ka'pela (Kapela). J. Green. S. Europe. 

 serpyllifo'lia (thyme- leaved). J. Silvery-green. 

 Summer. S. Europe. 1882. 



PARROT-BEAK PLANT. Clia'nthus. 



PARRO'TIA. (Named after M. Parrot. Nat. ord. 

 Witch-Hazels [Hamamelidaceae]. Linn. ^-Tetrandria, 2- 

 Digynia. Allied to Fothergilla.) 



Hardy, deciduous trees of small size. Cuttings of 

 young shoots getting firm, in sand, under a glass, in 

 spring ; peat and loam. Should be tried in well-drained 

 light soil. 



P. jacquemontia'na (Jacquemontian). 5-12. Himalaya. 

 pe'rsica (Persian). 10-18. Scarlet or red. Persia. 

 1848. 



PA'RRYA. (Named after Captain Parry, the arctic 

 navigator. Nat. ord. Crucifers [Crucifera?]. Linn. 15- 

 Tetradynamia. Allied to Arabis.) 



Hardy, dwarf, perennial herbs. Seeds ; common 

 garden soil. 

 P. arabidiflo'rum (Arabis-flowered). 1. Purple. May. 



Siberia. 1800. 

 a'rctica (arctic). J. Purple. Melville Island. 1820. 



Annual. 

 intege'rrima (very-entire-/eav<?d). \. Rose, purple. 



April. Siberia. 1829. Evergreen. 

 macroca'rpa (large-fruited), . Lilac. June. Arctic 



regions. 1883. 

 Menzie'sii (Menzies 1 ). J-i. Purple or rose-purple. 



California. 1906. 

 microca'rpa (small-fruited). J. White. May. Altai. 



1832. 

 nudicau'lis (naked-stemmed). See P. MACROCARPA. 



PARSLEY. (Ca'rum Pctroseli'num.) There are two 

 varieties, the Common Plain-leaved and the Curly- leaved. 



Sow annually, once in February, and again in the end 

 of June. Sow moderately thick, in narrow drills barely 

 J inch deep, 12 inches apart if in a bed by itself, or in a 

 single one round the edge of a bed, the soil being raked 

 level, and the stones immediately over the seed gathered 

 off. The plants make their appearance in from two to 

 six weeks. When i or 3 inches high, they may be 

 gathered from as required. In early June, when they 

 make a show for seed, the stems should be cut down 

 close to the bottom, and again in September, if they have 

 acquired a straggling, rank growth. This will' cause 

 them to shoot afresh, and acquire a strong growth before 

 the arrival of severe weather. On the approach of frost, 

 if protection is afforded to the plants by means of haulm 

 or reed panels, so supported as not to touch them, it 

 will preserve them in a much better state for use in winter 

 and spring. But a still more effectual plan is to take up 

 some of the strongest and best-curled plants in September, 

 and plant them in pots, two or three plants in each, 

 using a rich soil. If these be placed in a pit or green- 

 house, and abundance of liquid-manure given, they will 

 be very superiorly productive throughout the winter. 



To obtain Seed. Allow some of the plants to run up 

 in J une ; they should not, however, be allowed to stand 

 nearer than 18 inches to each other. The seed ripens in 

 early autumn, and, when perfectly dry, may be beaten 

 out and stored. Soot is an excellent manure for parsley, 

 and preserves it from root-canker, the only disease 

 affecting it. 



PARSLEY FERN. Cryptogra'mme cri'spa. 



PARSNIP (Peuce'danumsati'vum.) The two varieties, 

 Hollow-crowned and Guernsey, are nearly alike. 



Soil. A rich, dry, sandy loam, and the deeper the 

 better. The most inimical to it is gravel or clay. Trench 

 the ground three spades deep, a little manure being 

 turned in with the bottom spit. In the Isle of Guernsey, 

 which has long been celebrated for the fineness of its 

 parsnips, sea-weed is the manure chiefly employed. Of 

 dung, that of pigeons is the best. Decayed leaves are 

 also very favourable to its growth. The situation cannot 

 be too open. 



Son' from the end of February to the beginning of 

 April, but the earlier the better. It has been recom- 

 mended, in field cultivation, to sow them in September ; 

 in the garden, when sown at this season, they also obtain 

 a finer size, but many of them run to seed. In the Isle 

 of Guernsey they regulate their time of sowing according 

 to the soil : in the most favourable soils they sow in 

 J anuary, or, if the soil is wet or stiff, they do not insert 

 the seed until the latter end of March. 



Sow in drills 10 inches apart, and i inch deep ; the 

 compartment beini; l.-id out in beds not more than 

 4 feet wide, for the convenience of weeding, &c. When 



