PARSNIP FLY 



636 



PASSIFLORA 



the seedlings are 2 or 3 inches high, thin to 10 inches 

 apart, and remove the weeds both by hand and small 

 hoeing. The beds require to be frequently looked over, 

 to remove all seedlings that may spring up afresh, as 

 well as to be frequently hoed until the plants so cover 

 the ground as to render it impracticable. 



The roots may be taken up as wanted in September, 

 but they do not attain maturity till October, which is 

 intimated by the decay of the leaves. 



In November, part of the crop may be taken up, and, 

 the tops being cut close off, layed in alternate layers with 

 sand, for use in frosty weather. The remainder may be 

 left in the ground, and taken up as required, as they are 

 never injured by the most intense frost, but, on the 

 contrary, are rendered sweeter. In February or March, 

 however, any remaining must be taken up, otherwise 

 they will vegetate. Being preserved in sand, they con- 

 tinue good until the end of April or May. 



To obtain Seed. Some of the finest roots are best 

 allowed to remain where grown ; or else, being taken up 

 in February, planted in a situation open, but sheltered 

 from violent winds. If of necessity some of those are 

 employed which have been preserved in sand, such 

 should be selected as have not had their tops cut off 

 very close. 



In dry weather water plentifully twice a week. At the 

 end of August the seed is usually ripe ; the umbels may 

 then be cut, and when thoroughly dried on cloths, the 

 seed beaten out and stored. 



Seed should never be employed that is more than a 

 twelvemonth old. 



PARSNIP FLY. Tephritis onopordinis, the Celery Fly, 

 also attacks the Parsnip. See CELERY FLY. The flowers 

 and fruits of the Parsnip are consumed by the cater- 

 pillars of a small moth, Depressaria Pastinacella ; also by 

 the carrot-seed moth, Depressaria depressella. In both 

 cases the caterpillars may be shaken down into tarred 

 trays. 



PARSO'NSIA, of P. Brown. See CUPHEA. 

 PARSO'NSIA. (Commemorative of Dr. J. Parsons, 

 noted for his work with the microscope. Nat. ord. 

 Apocynacea3.) 



Woody greenhouse climbers. Cuttings of short side- 

 shoots getting firm at the base, in sand, under a hand- 

 light in gentle heat. Loam, peat, and sand. 

 P. albiflo'ra (white-flowered). Creamy- white. May. 



New Zealand. Nearly hardy. 



heterophy' lla (variable-leaved). See P. ALBIFLORA. 

 linea'ris (linear). New Caledonia. 

 Paddiso'ni (Paddison's). 15. Root tuberous, eaten 



in New South Wales. 1901. 

 ro'sea (rosy). Rose. New Zealand. 1850. 

 varia'bilis (variable). See P. ROSEA. 

 ,, veluti'na (velvety). Australia. 



PARTERRE. Another name for the summer Flower 

 Garden. 



PARTHE'NIUM. (From partlienos, a virgin ; an old 

 Greek name for a plant. Nat. ord. Compositae.) 



Nearly hardy or greenhouse annual, to be raised in 

 gentle heat and plan ted out in May. Seeds. Ordinary soil. 

 P. Hystero'phorus (Hysterophorus). White. July. N. 

 and S. Amer. " Bastard Feverfew." 



PARTHENOCI'SSUS QUINQUEFO'LIA. See VITIS 



QUINQUEFOLIA. 



PARTHENOCI'SSUS TRICUSPIDA'TA. See VITIS IN- 



CONSTANS. 



PARTING the roots is a mode of propagation available 

 with some plants ; and where a large increase of an 

 individual specimen by this mode is desired, its flower- 

 stems should be removed as fast as they are produced. 

 This makes the plant stool, for whatever prevents the 

 formation of seed, promotes the development of root. 



PARTRIDGE BERRY. Mitche'llare'pens. 

 PARTRIDGE PEA. Heisie'ria. 



PASCA'LIA. (Named after Dr. Pascal, professor at 

 Parma. Nat. ord. Composites [Compositae]. Linn. 19- 

 Syngenesia, 2-Superftua. Allied to Heliopsis.) 



Half-hardy herbaceous. Division in spring ; cuttings 

 under a hand-light, in summer ; should have a dry, 

 warm spot, or the protection of a frame, in winter. 



P. glau'ca (milky-green), ij. Yellow. July. Chili. 

 1799. 



PA'SITHEA. (The mythological nymph, Pasithea. 

 Nat. ord. Liliacea?.) 



A beautiful, half-hardy or greenhouse plant with the 

 habit of a Hemerocallis. Seeds ; divisions in spring. 

 Loam, leaf-mould, and sand. 

 P. caru'lea (sky-blue), x. Blue. May. Chili. 



PASQUE-FLOWER. Ane'mone Pulsati'lla. 



PASSERI NA. Sparrowwort. ( From passer, a sparrow ; 

 referring to the beaked seeds. Nat. ord. Daphnads 

 [Thymeleaceae]. Linn. 8-Octandria, i-Monogynia. Allied 

 to Dais.) 



Greenhouse evergreens, white-flowered, and from South 

 Africa, except where otherwise mentioned. Cuttings of 

 the young shoots, half-ripe, in sand, under a glass, in 

 April or May ; sandy peat, with a few nodules of fibrous 

 loam. Winter temp., 40 to 48 ; summer, a rather 

 shady place after the wood is ripe. P. filifo'rmis might 

 be tried against a protective wall. 

 P. cilia' ta (hair- fringed). See CRYPTADENIA CILIATA. 



empetrifo'lia (Empetrum-leaved). See THYMEL^A 

 DIOICA. 



ericoi'des (heath-like). 3. May. 1810. 



,, filifo'rmis (thread-shaped), i. July. 1752. 



grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). See CRYPTADENIA 



BREVIFLORA. 



hirsu'ta (hairy), ij. White. July. Mediterranean 



region. 1759. 



,, la'xa (loose). See ARTHROSOLEN LAXUS. 

 linearifo'lia (narrow- leaved). See GNIDIA LINOIDES. 

 ri'gida (stiff). 2. May. 1817. 

 ,, spica'ta (spiked). See ARTHROSOLEN SPICATUS. 

 Stelle'ri (Steller's). See STELLERA CHAM.F.JASME. 

 tenuiflo'ra (slender-flowered). See ARTHROSOLEN 



LAXUS. 



Thunbe'rgii (Thunberg's). See GNIDIA SERICEA. 

 ,, uniflo'ra (one-flowered). SeeCRYPTADENiAUNiFLORA. 



PASSIFLO'RA. Passion-Flower. (From passio, suffer- 

 ing, and flos, a flower ; referring to the filaments, or rays, 

 and other parts, being likened to the circumstances of 

 Chirst's crucifixion. Nat. ord. Passionworts [Passi- 

 floracea?]. Linn. i6-Monadelphia, 2-Pentandria.) 



Cuttings of young wood, in almost any stage during 

 summer, in sand, under a bell-glass or hand-light ; peat 

 and loam. P. cczru'lea and its varieties are the hardiest. 

 It not only (lowers freely, but ripens fruit against a wall 

 round London. P. incarna'ta is a pretty thing, of semi- 

 herbaceous habit, which has also, in a few cases, been 

 tried against a wall. The shoots of the cceru'lea group 

 might easily be wrapped together, and defended in winter 

 by a mat. The fruit of many is very pleasant and re- 

 freshing to most palates. The edu'lis fruits very freely 

 in a stove, but the flower has no great beauty ; it fruited 

 a number of years with us in a cool conservatory, but it 

 died at last. We found it hardier than the newest one, 

 Bello'ttii. The quadrangula'ris, to be fruited, must be 

 grown in a good, light situation, in a warm stove, and be 

 artificially impregnated. See GRANADI'LLA. 



HALF-HARDY CLIMBERS. 



P. cczru'lea (common-blue). 30. White, blue. August. 



Brazil. 1699. 

 a'lba (white). White. 

 ,, Colvi'llei (Col ville's). White, blue, purple. 

 glaucophy'lla (milky-green-leaved). 20. Blue. 



August. Brazil. 

 ,, incarna'ta (flesh-coloured). 30. Pink. June. Trop. 



and N. Amer. 1629. 



STOVE CLIMBERS. 



P. acerifo'lia (Acer- leaved). See P. SICYOIDES. 



acti'nia (sea-anemone-like). 10. Whitish. Novem- 

 ber. Organ Mountains. 1842. 



adenophy'lla (glanded- leaved). See P. ALBA. 



adiantifo'lia ( Adiantum-leaved) . 15-20. Orange. 

 July. Norfolk Island. 1792. 



ala'ta (winged-stalked). 20. Green, blue, red. June. 

 Peru. 1772. 



phceni'cea (red) . 20. Crimson. September. 1831 



a'lba (white). White. August. Brazil. 1830. 



