PINE-APPLES 



671 



PINK 



will not only subsist but thrive without water. Queens, 

 Envilles, Providences, &c., will require it thrice to their 

 once, especially the Queens. 



May. Atmospheric moisture must continue to increase 

 with increasing heat aiid light. The syringe may now 

 be plied two or three times a week, always choosing 

 bright afternoons for its application. The closing up, 

 or reducing the air, must now be deferred until four 

 o' clock P.M., and the giving of air must take place pro- 



rtionately sooner ; indeed, such ought to be in April, 

 the pines are vigorous, and plenty of atmospheric 

 moisture can be commanded, discontinue shading at the 

 end of April or beginning of May, unless the roof be of 

 an exceedingly bright character, and the squares of glass 

 very large. Rather let atmospheric moisture more 

 abound, accompanied by a freer ventilation still. 



June. If the pines have done well, their pots will be 

 filled with fine roots by the end of June, and shifting 

 into the fruiting-pots will become necessary. We will, 

 however, pass on to the next month. 



July. At whatever period the last shifting occurs, the 

 same routine of potting may be observed. We have 

 nothing new to say, except that as the size of the pot 

 increases, so may in proportion the size of the lumps of 

 turf, &c. The plunging medium, if necessary, may be 

 renewed ; but much caution must be exercised at this 

 period, when the solar heat produces so much excite- 

 ment. However, we advise that a foot or so of new 

 tan be trenched into the bottom of the bed, and a little 

 mixed with surface tan, and this merely to promote 

 durability through the ensuing winter. ' Watch daily 

 their bottom-heat thermometer. As before observed, if 

 the plants require a watering, let it be three days before 

 the operation of shifting. 



August. After the plants have been shifted a fortnight 

 or so, they will again require the water-pot. Until the 

 plants are beginning to root in the new soil, however, 

 they may be kept moist enough by copious syringings, 

 damping also the surface of the tan daily. All that is 

 further necessary is a most liberal ventilation from 

 eight A.M. until past four P.M., applying all the atmos- 

 pheric moisture possible the moment the house is closed, 

 and syringing just previous to closing. 



September. The August advice will do perfectly well 

 for this month, except that ventilation may even be 

 more liberal still, when the weather is fine, to put a check 

 on too rampant growth ; for, in order to have fine 

 " shows," the tissue of the plant must become highly 

 solidified. 



October. The light will now begin to decrease consider- 

 ably, and both artificial heat and atmospheric moisture 

 must give way in a proportionate degree. Still, however, 

 persist in permitting a considerable increase of heat when 

 the weather is bright. We need hardly say, beware of 

 burning at the root. The advice applies to every month 

 alike ; but it requires a double amount of watchful- 

 ness for three weeks after disturbing the fermenting 

 material. 



November. In proportion to the dulness of this month, 

 the heat and moisture must decline. The tan-bed will 

 require some renewal in the early part of this month, 

 in order to go well through the winter ; and if the tan is 

 mellow, or somewhat dry, let it be well watered with 

 tepid water, and then stirred deeply with a pointed stake, 

 as deep as the stake can go. The whole may then be 

 cased over up to, and rather above, the rim of the pot, 

 provided the bottom-heat has declined sufficiently to 

 bear it. This renewal must be watched, and water 

 applied to the tan if necessary. 



December and January require a very similar course 

 of practice ; much fire-heat will at times be necessary, 

 and all possible means must be taken to counteract 

 dryness in the atmosphere. Syringing can seldom be 

 permitted in these two months, but sprinklings on the 

 surface of the tan, and once a week it may be stirred 

 up with a stake. Besides this, the floor may be kept 

 moist, evaporating pans kept in continual requisition, 

 and even the walks sprinkled, if necessary. If the 

 weather become unusually severe, rather give up five 

 degrees on the thermometer than continue a roasting 

 fire for several days. In emergencies of this kind, the 

 pines will take no harm at 55 ; but not a degree below 

 this should be permitted. 



February. The temperature will now begin to rise 

 again slightly ; growth recommences, and repotting 

 succession pines, and the renewal of bottom- heat is 



needed, this brings us to the point from which we 

 commenced. 

 Insects. Soe ACARUS and Coccus. 



PINE-BUD MOTH and PINE-SHOOT MOTH. See 



RETINIA. 



PINE'LLIA. (A commemorative name. Nat. ord. 

 Araceae.) 



A hardy tuberous, perennial herb allied to Arisarum 

 and Arisaema. Divisions or offsets at the commence- 

 ment of growth. Well-drained soil. 

 P. tuberi'fera. (tuber-bearing). 1-2. Purple. July. 

 Japan. 1774. 



PINGUTCULA. Butterwort. (From pinguis, fat ; the 

 greasiness of the leaves. Nat. ord. Butterworts [Lenti- 

 bulariaceae]. Linn. z-Diandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Seeds and divisions ; chiefly requiring marshy, boggy 

 soil. North American species are the most tender, re- 

 quiring the treatment generally given to alpines, with the 

 addition of keeping water in the saucer below the pot 

 in which they are grown. 

 P. alpi'na (alpine). . White, shaded with lemon. 



June. Europe (Scotland). 

 bakeria'na (Bakerian). See P. CAUDATA. 

 cauda'ta (tailed), f. Bright carmine. August, 



September. Mexico. 1881. 

 supefrba (superb). \. Rosy-carmine, with white 



eye. 1903. 



ede'ntula (toothless). See P. LUTEA. 

 flave'scens (yellowish). See P. ALPINA. 

 Flo's-mulio'nis (mule-keeper's flower). See P. CAU- 

 DATA. 

 grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). J. Blue. April. 



Europe (Ireland). 

 gypsi'cola (gypsum-loving). Dark to light red-violet. 



Summer. Mexico. 1911. 

 Gypso'phila (Gypsophila). See P. VULGARIS. 

 hirtiflo'ra (hairy-flowered). Lilac and pale yellow. 



S. Europe. 1884. 

 lusiia'nica (Portuguese). J. Lilac; throat yellow. 



June to October. W. Europe (England). 

 lu'tea (yellow). . Yellow. June. Carolina. 1816. 

 ,, orchidioi' 'des (Orchis- like). See P. CAUDATA. 

 Ro'sei (Rose's). $. Violet-purple. August, Sep- 

 tember. Mexico. 1908. 

 vallisncriczfo'lia (Vallisneria-leaved). J. Lilac-purple. 



June to September. Spain. 1878. 

 vulga'ris (common). |. Violet. May. Europe, 



Siberia (Britain). " Bog Violet." 

 grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). See P. GRANDIFLORA. 



PINK. So little do the Pink, Picotee, and Carnation 

 differ in their botanical characteristics, that they are 

 all (by some writers) considered varieties of the Clove 

 Pink (Dia'nthus Caryophy'llus). Some think that the 

 j Red Pinks only are derived from this, but that the 

 I Pheasant's-eye Pinks are the offspring of the Feathered 

 I Pink (Dia'nthus pluma'rius). As florists' flowers they are 

 very distinct. The Carnation marks in flakes, or ribbons, 

 of colour, from centre to edge, and through the edge ; 

 and the more dense these ribbons, or stripes, or flakes 

 of colour are, and the more distinct the white ground 

 between them, the better, and the more equally divided, 

 as to quantity, they are, the better. As the petals are 

 broader as they approach the outer edge, so also are, 

 or should be, both the colour and the white. They are 

 divided into classes, called Bizarres and Flakes ; the 

 former having two colours of stripe besides the white, 

 the latter only one colour. These Bizarres and Flakes 

 are subdivided, there being purple flakes, rose flakes, 

 and scarlet flakes ; and among the bizarres, scarlet 

 bizarres, which have scarlet stripes, and a second colour, 

 which is considered better for a rich contrast of black, 

 and approaches to it ; then purple bizarres, which have 

 purple stripes, with a light pink, or rose, or some other 

 colour, forming a contrast. The Picotee has the colour 

 only on the edge, and broad or narrow, as the case may 

 be, but ramifying towards the centre ; any mark or 

 spirt of colour that does not touch the edge is a blemish. 

 Some, therefore, are only marked round the edge very 

 distinctly, but as narrow as possible ; others have a 

 sort of feathering, narrow or deep, as the case may be, 

 but feathering inwards from the edge ; the outer edge 

 solid, and the inner edge rough, or feathery. The Pink 

 is distinct from both these. The lacing, as it were, of 



