PIONANDRA FRAGRANS 674 



PIPES 



P. ni'gra. 

 obova'ta. 

 ,, orienta'lis, 



Pi'cea and varieties. See PICEA EXCELSA. 

 poli'ta. 

 ,, ru'bra. 

 ,, ,, a'fctica. 

 ,, viola'cea. 



schrenkia'na. See PICEA OBOVATA SCHRF.NKIANA. 

 sitche'nsis. 



Pseudotsuga. DOUGLAS FIR. 

 P. Dougla'sii. 



Sequoia. REDWOOD CEDAR. 

 P. trigo'na. See SEQUOIA RAFINESQUEI. 



Tsuga. HEMLOCK SPRUCES. 

 P. brunonia'na. 

 canadefnsis. 



hettrophy'lla. See TSUGA MERTENSIANA. 

 mertensia'na. 



Tsu'ga. See TSUGA SIEBOLDI. 

 ,, ,, na'na. See TSUGA SIEBOLDI NANA. 



PIONA'NDRA FRA'QBANS. See CYPHOMANDRA 



FRAGRANS. 



PIO'NEA FORFICA'LIS. The Garden Pebble Moth. 

 In certain seasons and districts this may appear in large 

 numbers amongst Cabbages, Turnips, and Horse-radish, 

 in June and July, and again in September and October. 

 The moth is i inch to ij inch in expanse, and the fore- 

 wing is whitish-yellow, tinted with pale brown. The 

 caterpillar is yellowish-green, with a line of darker spots 

 on either side. Cabbages may be hand-picked, but 

 Turnips and Horse-radish may be syringed with water 

 and dusted with hellebore powder. 



PIO'PHILA A'PIL The Celery-stem Fly. The fly is 

 as large as the Celery Fly, of a shining black and covered 

 with golden-grey hairs. The maggot is yellowish-white 

 and penetrates the root-stock or stem and eats its way 

 up the leaf-stalks, giving them a rusty-red colour and 

 detracting from the value of the celery. This is done 

 during winter and spring. Plants found to be infested, 

 when dug up, should be burnt immediately to destroy 

 the maggots, not thrown on the rubbish-heap. 



PIP, in floriculture, is a single corolla or flower, where 

 several grow upon a common stem, as in the Polyanthus 

 and Auricula. The pips thus growing together are 

 described as a Truss. 



PI'PER. Pepper. (From pepto, to digest ; referring 

 to the stimulating power. Nat. ord. Pepperworts [Pipe- 

 raceae]. Linn. 2-Diandria, ^-Triandria.) 



Stove evergreens. Cuttings of half-ripened wood under 

 a bell-glass, in sandy soil, in heat ; also by suckers from 

 the bottom of the plant. Winter temp., 50 to 60 ; 

 summer, 60 to 80. The genus contains the Pepper- 

 plant and the Betle, of which the leaf is chewed in India 

 as much as tobacco is in the West. 

 P. acumina'tum (long-pointed). See PEPEROMIA OBLIQUA. 



adu'ncum (hooked). Trop. Amer. 



angustifo'lium (narrow-leaved). Peru. " Matico." 



ctrgyrophy'llum (silvery-leaved). Leaves silvery. 

 Ceylon. 



Be'tle (Betle). 6. E. Ind. 1804. 



bornee'nse (Bornean). i. Leaves dark green, with 

 faint silvery bands. Borneo. 1882. 



Bredtme'yeri (Bredemeyer's). S. Amer. 



Carpu'nya (Carpunya). Peru. 



celtidifo'lium (Celtis-leaved). See P. ADUNCUM. 



Cha'ba (Chaba). India and Malaya. " Long Pepper." 



,, corcovade'nse (Corcovadan). Brazil. 



coria'ceum (leathery). See PEPEROMIA CORIACEA. 



Cube'ba (Cubeba). Malaya. 1887. " Cubebs." 



decu'rrens (running-down). Leaves purple beneath. 

 Costa Rica. 1876. 



dilata'tum (dilated). S. Amer. 



,, di'scolor (two-coloured). See PEPEROMIA DISCOLOR. 



exce'lsum (lofty). Australia and Pacific Islands. 



au'reo-pi'ctum (golden-painted). Leaves with a 

 large, pale yellow blotch. New Zealand. 



,, Futokadsu'r a (Futokadsura) . Pale green. Japan. 1869. 



genicula'tum (kneed) of gardens. See P. UNGUICU- 



LATUM. 



P. genicula'tum (siwtften-jointed) of Swartz. 2. Jamaica, 



1823. 



gla'brum (smooth). 10. Campeachy. 1768. 

 ,, glauce'scens (milky-green). See P. UNGUICUX.ATUM. 

 inca'num (hoary). See PEPEROMIA INCANA. 

 laurifo'lium (laurel-leaved). 10. July. Mexico. 1768. 

 lo'ngum (long). 6. June. E. Ind. 1788. 

 ,, sarmenio' sum (trailing). 



macrophy'llum (large-leaved). See P. GENICULATUM. 

 ,, maculo' 'sum (blotched). See PEPEROMIA MACULOSA. 

 meta'llicum (metallic). Leaves round, metallic-green. 



Borneo. 1882. 

 methy'sticum (intoxicating). Pacific Islands. " Kava 



Root." 

 ,, ni'grum (black). 6. E. Ind. 1790. " Black " or 



" Common Pepper." 

 ,, ni'tidum (shining). Trop. Amer. 

 obli'quum (oblique). Peru. 

 ,, exi'mium (choice). Trop. S. Amer. 

 officina'rum (shop). See P. CUBEBA. 

 orna'tum (adorned). Leaves bright green, with pink 



spots. Celebes. 1884. 

 ova'tum (egg-shaped). Trinidad. 

 ,, papantle'nse (Papantlan). Mexico. 

 peepuloi'des (Peepul-like). See P. CHABA. 

 ,, pellu'cidum (pellucid). See PEPEROMIA PELLUCIDA. 

 ,, porphyrophy'llum (purple-leaved). Young leaves dark 



purple-green. Malaya. 1883. 



,, pulche'llum (pretty). See PEPEROMIA PULCHELLA. 

 rubronodo' sum (red-jointed). Leaves frosted with 



silver-grey. Nodes red. Colombia. 1877. 

 rubroveno'sum (red-veined). Leaves mottled with 



rose along the veins. 1887. 

 ,, sarmento'sum (trailing). See P. LONGUU SARMEN- 



TOSUM. 



liliafo'lium (Tilia-leaved). Mexico. 

 tomcnto'sum (downy). 14. August. Mexico. 1768. 

 trioi'cum (tricecious). See P. NIGRUM. 

 ,, tub etcula' turn (pimpled). 6. S. Amer. 1816. 

 ,, umbella' turn (umbelled). 3. June. Tropics. 1748. 

 unguicula' 'turn (clawed). 3. Peru. 1822. 

 Veifchii (Veitch's). Gardens. 



PIPERIDGE. The Barberry. 



PIPES for heating horticultural structures are pre- 

 ferably made of cast iron, painted black. Earthenware 

 has been recommended for the purpose ; but they are 

 so much more liable to breakage and leakage, as to out- 

 weigh any original saving in the cost. For draining, 

 earthen pipes with a bore an inch in diameter are the best. 



TABLE of the quantity of pipe, 4 inches diameter, which 

 will heat 1000 cubic feet of air per minute, any re- 

 quired number of degrees ; the temperature of the 

 pipe being 200 Fahrenheit. 



