PROTECTION 



710 



PRUNING 



P. cynaroi'des elli'ptica (elliptic-leaved). 



decu'mbens (lying down). See SERRURIA NIVENI. 

 divarica' ta (spreading). See ISOPOGON ANETHIFOLIUS. 



donga' ta (lengthened). 4$. Purple. July. 1820. 



,, formo'sa (handsome). 6. Red. May. 1789. 



globo'sa (globular). See LEUCADENDRON CONCOLOR. 



glomera'ta (crowded). See SERRURIA PEDUNCULATA. 



grandifto'r a (large-flowered). 8. White. May. 1787. 



,, M angustifo' lia (narrow-leaved). 



margina'ta (bordered). 6. White. June. 1795. 



hirsu'ta (hairy). See LEUCADENDRON HIRSUTUM. 



hu'milis (humble). 2-3. Purple. 



imbrica'ta (overlapping). See LEUCADENDRON BUXI- 

 FOLIUM. 



incu'rva (incurved). See LEUCADENDRON ,*MULUM. 



la'vis (smooth). Pale green. May, June. 



lago'pus (hare-footed). See NIVENIA CRITHMIFOLIA. 



latifo'lia (broad- leaved) . 7. Purple. August. 1806. 



cocci'nea (scarlet). 5. Scarlet. August. 1806. 



viridiflo'ra (green-flowered). 7. Green. August. 

 1806. 



lepidoca'rpon (scaly- fruited). 6. Purple. May. 1806. 



ligulcefo'lia (strap-leaved). See P. LONGIFOLIA. 



longiflo'ra (long-flowered). 5-8. Creamy-yellow. 

 October. 1809. 



longifo'lia (long-leaved). 2. Purple. May. 1798. 



macrophy'lla (large-leaved). 8. White. May. 1824. 



,, magni'fica (magnificent). 6. White. April. 1789. 



melaleu'ca (black and white). 6. Purple. May. 1786. 



melli'fera (honey-bearing). 6. Pale yellow. Sep- 

 tember. 1774. 



a'lba (white). 6. White. September. 1795. 



mucronifo'lia (pointed- leaved). 3. White. Sep- 

 tember. 1803. 



na'na (dwarf) of Bot. Mag. 2. Crimson. May, June. 

 1889. 



na'na (dwarf) of Thunberg. See P. ROSACEA. 



neriifo'lia (oleander-leaved). 6. White. March. 1806. 



obtu'sa (blunt-leaved). See P. SPECIOSA. 



pinifo'lia (pine-leaved). See AULAX PINIFOLIA. 



pinna' ta (feather-leaved). See SERRURIA PINNATA. 



pulche'lla (neat). 3. Red. June. 1795. 



,, cilia'ta (hair- fringed). 3. Red. June. 1795. 



gla'bra (smooth). 3. Red. June. 1795. 



specio'sa (showy). 3. Red. June. 1795. 



radia'ta (rayed). See P. LATIFOLIA. 



re'pens (creeping). See P. AMPLEXICAULIS. 



revolu'ta (curled-back-/ai><i). ij. Purple. May. 

 1824. 



rhoda'niha (red-flowered). 2-3. Rose, with orange 

 stamens. Transvaal. 1893. 



rosa'cea (rosy). 2. Pink. May. 1787. 



., sali'gna (willow-like). See LEUCADENDRON FLORIDUM. 



Sco'lymus (Scolymus). Pale green. July, August. 

 1780. 



specio'sa (showy). 2-10. Purple. April. 1786. 



spica'ta (spiked). See NIVENIA MEDIA. 



stella'ris (starry). See LEUCADENDRON FUSCIFLORUM. 



teretifo'lia (round-leaved). See LEUCADENDRON 



ABIETINUM. 



triterna'tn (thrice-three-divided). See SERRURIA 



TRIPLICATO-TERNATA. 



turbinifto'ra (top-shaped-flowered). f . Pink. April. 



1803. 



umbclla'ta (umbelled). See AULAX CNEORIFOLIA. 

 villi'fera (hair-bearing. 7. Purple. August. 1800. 

 virga'ia (twiggy). See P. ACEROSA. 



PROTECTION. See SCREENS. 

 PROTEINOPHA'LLUS. See AMORPHOPHALLUS. 



PRO'TIUM. (From prolos, most distinguished, or 

 first in rank. Nat. ord. Burseraceae. Allied to Balsamo- 

 dendron.) 



Stove trees with a balsamic juice. Cuttings in sand 

 in a close case with bottom-heat ; seeds. Fibrous loam, 

 peat, and sand. 

 P. alti'ssimum (tallest). 100. Trop. Amer. 1822. 



,, Aracou'chili (Aracouchili). 50. Brazil. 1826. 



deca'ndrum (ten-anthered). 20. Guiana. 1822. 



,, guiane'nse (Guianan). 50. Trop. Amer. 1823. 



,, heptophy'llum (seven-leaved). 30. Trop. Amer. 1819. 



serra'tum (serrated). 30. E. Ind. 1818. 



PROU'STIA. (Commemorative of M. Proust. Nat. 

 ord. Composite. Allied to Perezia.) 



Greenhouse climbing shrub. Cuttings of wood getting 

 firm, under a bell-glass, with bottom-heat. Loam, peat, 

 and sand. 



P. pyrifo'lia (pear-leaved). White ; pappus rose. Chili. 

 1865. 



PRUMNO'PITYS. (From prumnos, the extreme or 

 List, and pitys, a pine. Nat. ord. Conifers. Allied to 

 Podocarpus.) 



Hardy or half-hardy evergreen Conifers with the habit 

 of the yew. Cuttings in sand in a frame or pit from 

 which frost is excluded. Ordinary soil. 

 P. e'legans (elegant). 20-40. Chili. 1863. 

 spica'ta (spiked). 20-30. New Zealand. 1843. 

 ,, taxilo'lia (yew-leaved). 40. Andes. 1820. 



PRUNE'LLA. Self-Heal. (Altered from the German 

 Die briiune, a disease of the jaws ; supposed medicinal 

 qualities. Nat. ord. Labiates or Lipworts [Labiate]. 

 Linn. i^-Didynamia, i-Gymnospermia.) 



All hardy herbaceous perennials, except ova'ta, which 

 is annual. Seeds, and divisions of the plant in spring ; 

 ornamental for rock-works and the front of flower- 

 borders. 

 P. a'lba (white). See P. LACINIATA. 



gtandiflo'ra (large-flowered). J. Blue. August. 

 Austria. 1596. 



,, ,, ru'bra (red). J. Red. July, August. 



hi'spida (hairy). See P. VULGARIS HISPIDA. 



hy ssopifo'lia (hyssop-leaved). J. Pale purple. July, 

 August. Europe. 1731. 



inci'sa (incised). See P. VULGARIS LACINIATA. 



lacinia'ta (deeply-cut). }. White. Europe, N. 

 Africa, &c. 



Marrya'tta (Mrs. Marryatt's). \\. Purple. July. 



ova' ta (egg-leaved). J. Purple. July. Amer. 



pennsylva'nica (Pennsylvanian). See P. VULGARIS 



ELONGATA. 



,, vulga'ris (common). J. Pink. July. Temperate 



regions (Britain). " Common Self-heal." 

 ,, elonga'ta (lengthened). Violet. July. N. Amer. 

 flo're-ple'no (double-flowered). J. Pink. July. 



Britain. 

 hi'spida (hairy). J. Pale purple. July, August. 



Europe. 

 lacinia'ta (deeply-cut). $. Leaves deeply cut. 



July, August. 

 pinnati'fida (deeply-cut). See P. VULGARIS 



LACINIATA. 



,, ,, ru'bra (red). A. Red. July, August. 

 webbia'na (Webbian). i. Lilac. July, August. 

 Garden origin. 



PRUNING, as practised in the garden, has for its object 

 the regulation of the branches to secure the due pro- 

 duction of blossom and maturity of fruit. If carried to 

 too great an extent that object is not attained, for every 

 tree requires a certain amount of leaf-surface for the 

 elaboration of its sap ; and, therefore, if this be reduced 

 too much, blossom-buds are produced less abundantly, 

 for leaves are more necessary for the health of the plant ; 

 and by a wise provision, the parts less requisite for 

 individual vigour are superseded by the parts more 

 needed. On the other hand, if the branches are left 

 too thick, they overshadow those beneath them, and so 

 exclude the light as to prevent that elaboration of the 

 sap, without which no blossom-buds are formed, but an 

 excessive production of leaves, in the vain effort to 

 attain, by an enlarged surface, that elaboration which 

 a smaller surface would effect in a more intense light. 

 The appropriate pruning is given when considering each 

 species of fruit trees, and here we must confine our- 

 selves to a few general remarks. The season for pruning 

 must be regulated, in some degree, by the strength of the 

 tree ; for although, as a general rule, the operation 

 should not take place until the fall of the leaf indicates 

 that vegetation has ceased, yet if the tree be weak, it 

 may be often performed with advantage a little earlier, 

 but still so late in the autumn as to prevent the pro- 

 trusion of fresh shoots. This reduction of the branches 

 before the tree has finished vegetating directs a greater 

 supply of sap to those remaining, and stores up in them 

 the supply for increased growth next season. If the 

 production of spurs be the object of pruning a branch, 

 it should be pruned so as to leave a stump ; because, as 

 the sap supplied to the branch will be concentrated 



