PSYCHOTRIA 



716 



PTELEA 



GREENHOUSE EVERGREEN SHRUBS. 



P. aculea'ta (prickly). 3. Blue and white. June. S. 



Africa. 1774. 

 affl'nis (related). 4-6. Blue. June. S.Africa. 1910, 



and previously. 

 anguslifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 3. Blue. July. S. 



Africa. 1774. 

 ,, interme'dia (intermediate). 3. Blue. June. 



S. Africa. 1820. 



aphy'lla (leafless). 2. Blue. June. S. Africa. 1790. 

 arbo'rea (tree). 6. Bluish. May. S. Africa. 



1814. 



bitumino'sa (bituminous). 2. Violet. June. Medi- 

 terranean region ; Arabia. 1771. Herbaceous. 

 bractea'ta (long-bracted) . Purple and white. July. 



S. Africa. 

 corylifo'lia (hazel-leaved). Purple and white. July. 



India ; Arabia. 1752. 

 decu'mbens (lying-down). . Purple and white. S. 



Africa. 1774. 



hi'rta (hairy). 2. Blue. June. S. Africa. 1790. 

 interme'dia (intermediate). See P. ANGUSTIFOLIA 



INTERMEDIA. 



jacquinia'na (Jacquinian). See P. HIRTA. 



Muti'sii (Mutis's). Purple. July. Colombia. 1828. 



odorati' 'ssima (most- fragrant). 6. Pale blue. June. 



S. Africa. 1725. 



pal&sti'na (Palestine). See P. BITUMINOSA. 

 peduncula'ta (long-stalked). See P. TOMENTOSA. 

 pube'scens (downy). 2. Pale blue. August. Luna. 



1825. 



re'pens (creeping), ij. Blue. July. S.Africa. 1774. 

 seri'cea, (silky). See P. TOMENTOSA. 

 spica'ta (long-spiked). 4. Blue. April. S. Africa. 



1774. 

 Sta'chydis (Stachys-leaved). 3. Brown. April. S. 



Africa. 1793. 

 stria'ta (channelled). 3. Blue. May. S. Africa. 



1816. 

 Unuifo'lia (fine-leaved). 2. White, blue. June. 



S. Africa. 1793. 



tomento'sa( woolly). 3. Blue. June. S.Africa. 1815. 

 verruca' sa (warted). See P. ANGUSTIFOLIA. 



PSYCHO'TRIA. (From psuche, the breath of life ; in 

 allusion to its healing properties. Nat. ord. Rubiaceae. 

 Allied to Palicourea.) 



Stove evergreen shrubs and small trees. Cuttings of 

 mature wood, in sand, and placed in a close case, with 

 bottom-heat. Fibrous loam, peat, and sand. 

 P. auranti'aca (orange). See P. MALAYANA. 

 chontale'nsis (Chontalan). See P. PILOSA. 

 cro'cea (saffron). See PALICOUREA CROCEA. 

 cyanoco'cca (blue-berried), i. White ; berries deep 

 blue, showy. Nicaragua. 1870. A fine basket 

 plant. 



,, eme'tica (emetic). Colombia. 

 jasminiflo'ra (jasmine-flowered). 2-3. White. Brazil. 



1860. 



,, gra'ndis (grand). Trop. Amer. 

 leucoce'phala (white-headed). See RUDGEA MACRO- 



PHYLLA. 



linea'ta (lined). See PALICOUREA APICATA. 



mcdaya'na (Malayan). Malaya. 



micro? niha (small-flowered). Trop. Africa. 



offlcina'lis (officinal). 4. June. Guiana. 1827. 



pilo'sa (thinly- hairy). White; berries blue. Peru. 

 1870. 



racemp'sa, (racemose). 3. White. June. Brazil ; 

 Guiana. 1818. 



,, sulphu'rea( sulphur). 2. Bright blue ; berries sulphur- 

 yellow. Fiji. 1887. 



tenuifo'lia (slender-leaved). Dominica. 



PSYLLA. The Chermes is allied to the Aphis. P. pyri, 

 Pear Chermes, appears in May, not unlike a large Aphis, 

 crimson-coloured, shaded with black. Mr. Kollar says, 

 when pairing is over, the female lays her eggs in great 

 numbers, near each other, on the young leaves and 

 blossoms, or on the newly- formed fruit and shoots. 

 They are of a longish shape, and yellow ; and without 

 a magnifying glass they resemble the pollen of flowers. 

 They are called either nymphs or larvae in this state, 

 according to the extent of their development ; and, like 

 their parents, have their mouth in the breast. After 

 a few days they change their skins, and become darker 



and somewhat reddish on the breast, and rather resemble 

 bugs than plant-lice, having the extreme point of the 

 body somewhat broad, and beset with bristles. After 

 changing their skins, they quit the leaves, blossoms, and 

 fruit, and proceed more downwards to the bearing wood 

 and the shoots of last year, on which they fix themselves ' 

 securely, one after the other, in rows, and remain there 

 till their last transformation. 



When the nymphs have moulted for the last time, and 

 have attained their full size, the body swells out by ; 

 degrees, and becomes cylindrical. They then leave their, 

 associates, and before they lay aside their nymph-like 

 covering, they search out a leaf to which they fasten 

 themselves firmly, and appear as if they were lifeless. 

 After a few minutes, the skin splits on the upper part of 

 the covering, and a winged insect proceeds from it. It 

 j is of a pleasant green colour, with red eyes and snow- 

 white wings. It very much resembles its parents in 

 spring, even in the colour. After a few days, this Chermes , 

 has assumed the colours of the perfect insect ; the head, 

 collar, and thorax are of an orange colour, and only the 

 abdomen retains its green hue. It now flies away from 

 the place of its birth to enjoy the open air. 



P. mali (Apple Chermes). This, according to the same 

 author, appears in June. In September, they pair, and 

 lay their eggs, which are white, and pointed at both 

 ends, a line and a half long, and the fourth of a line 

 thick, and become yellow before the young escapes. The 

 Apple Chermes lays its eggs in different places of the 

 twigs of an apple-tree ; usually, however, in the furrows 

 of the knots, and sometimes in a very regular manner. ] 

 The larvae are scarcely escaped from the egg in the open 

 air, when they hasten to the nearest bud, and begin to 

 gnaw its scales. On the second day after their birth, 

 they cast their first skin, after which they appear nearly 

 of their former shape and colour. The second changing 

 of the skin can sometimes be scarcely seen at all, because 

 the larva not only puts out a thicker string with the 

 tubercle, but also an immense number of very fine en- 

 tangled threads or small hairs, which it turns upwards 

 over its back, and with them entirely covers its body 

 and head. In sunshine, these strings look transparent, 

 as if they were made of glass, and become of a greenish 

 variable colour. Under this screen the Chermes are 

 secured from every attack of other insects ; for no ants, 

 mites, or bugs can disturb them in their fortification, or 

 consume them as their prey. After Changing the second 

 skin, the young assume a different colour and form ; 

 they now become light green all over, the abdomen much 

 broader than the thorax, and on the side of the latter, 

 rudiments of the wings are distinctly seen. The third 

 time of changing the skin comes on in about eight days, 

 sometimes sooner and sometimes later, according to the 

 weather. After this skin, the wing rudiments very dis- 

 tinctly make their appearance, and become larger and 

 whiter the nearer the insect approaches to the perfect 

 state. The body is also of a light green, and the larvae 

 have black eyes, and blackish antennae. At last the 

 time arrives when the insect assumes the perfect state ; 

 it then retires to a part of the leaf which it had selected, 

 and after having firmly fixed itself there, the back splits 

 open, and the beautiful-winged Chermes appears from 

 the nymph. The back of the thorax is of a light green, 

 the abdomen is marked with yellow rings, and the 

 membranous wings with strongly-marked, snow-white 

 veins. 



P. cratizgi infests the camellia. 



P. ficus and P. rosce are respectively on the fig and rose- 

 trees. All the species are destroyed by syringing with 

 tobacco-water until the insects are dead, and then 

 syringing with water only. See APHIS. 



PTA'RMICA. SeeAcHiLLEA. 



PTA'RMICA GRANDIFLO'RA FLO RE PLE'NO. See 



ACHILLEA PTARMICA FLORE PLENO. 



PTE'LEA. Shrubby Trefoil. (From ptao, to fly; 

 winged fruit. Nat. ord. Rueworts [Rutacea?]. Linn. 

 \-Tetrandrui, i-Monogynia.) 



Trifolia'ta and its varieties are hardy ; seed in April, 

 : and by layers in autumn ; any common light soil. 

 P. Baldwi'nii (Baldwin's). Green. Northern Cali- 

 fornia, &c. 



ova' turn (egg-shaped). See PTELIDIUM OVATUM. 

 pinna' ta (leafleted). See ZANTHOXYLUM BLACK- 



BURNIA. 



