PUCCINIA 



720 PULSATILLA VULGARIS 



P. Alexandra (Princess Alexandra's). See ARCHONTO- 



riniNix ALEXANDR/B. 

 angustifo'lia (narrow- leaved). See COLEOSPADIX 



ONINKNSIS. 



Bea'tricce (Beatrice's). Australia. 

 cunninghatnia'na (Cunninghamian). See ARCHONTO- 



PHCENIX CUNNINGHAMIANA. 



di'sticha (two-ranked). See PINANGA DISTICHA. 

 ,, e'legans (elegant). Australia. 1868. 

 ,, filifera (thread-bearing). See VITIPHCENIX FILIFERA. 

 , Ku'hlii (Kuhl's). See PINANGA KUHLII. 

 , lacera'ta (torn). Central Amer. 1868. 

 , Macarthu'rii (Macarthur's). Australia. 1879. 

 , Norma'nbyi (Normanby's). See ARECA NORMANBYI. 

 , parado'xa (paradoxical). See PTYCHOCOCCUS PARA- 



DOXUS. 



,, pa'tula (spreading). See PINANGA PATULA. 

 perbre'vis (very short). See BALAKA PERBRHVIS. 

 ,, rega'lis (royal). India. 1867. 

 Ru'mphii (Rumphius's). See DRYMOPHLCBUS OLIV^- 



FORMIS. 



,, rupi'cola (rock-loving). See Loxococcus RUPICOLA. 

 sanderia'na (Sanderian). 10-15. Stem slender. 



Fruit bright red. New Guinea. 1898. 

 ,, Seema'nni (Seemann's). See BALAKA SEEMANNI. 

 siebertia'na (Siebertian). See PTYCHORAPHIS SIEBER- 



TIANA. 

 Singapore 'nsis (Singapore). See PTYCHORAPHIS SINGA- 



PORENSIS. 



Warle'ti (Warlet's). Leaf sheaths and stalks covered 

 with purplish hairs. 1898. 



PUCCI'NIA. (Commemorative of Puccini, an Italian 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Uredinacea;.) A large genus of 

 fungi attacking an equally varied class of plants, includ- 

 ing garden herbs, shrubs, and trees. The life cycle of a 

 Puccinia passes through three stages (a) the jEcidium 

 or Cluster-cup stage, (b) the Uredo or Rust stage, and 

 (c) the Puccinia or final stage. The Cluster-cups usually 

 live on a separate host plant from the other stages, but 

 the Rust, produced during summer, is usually followed 

 by the Puccinia or Brand, upon the same host, during 

 late summer and autumn. The three stages have been 

 traced in a few species only, the others being known only 

 in one of the forms, and all three were, at one time, 

 believed to constitute as many different genera. 



.4. The ^cidium or Cluster-cup consists of a layer of 

 cells inside the leaves or young shoots of the host plant, 

 enclosing a layer of mycelium at the base. From this 

 mycelium numerous erect branches arise, that become 

 jointed, each joint or cell forming a spore. At maturity 

 the skin or epidermis of the host plant bursts and rolls 

 backwards, forming the cups that usually form clusters, 

 visible to the naked eye on the diseased parts of the 

 plant attacked. The spores are scattered and commence 

 to germinate directly they fall upon a suitable host 

 plant. The best-known examples are the Cluster-cups 

 of the barberry (Puccinia graminis), and those of the 

 gooseberry (Puccinia pringshfimiana), on the leaves and 

 fruits, forming a red or orange patch. 



B. The Uredo or Rust stage is not enclosed by a cup, 

 but the fungus consists of a rounded mass of mycelium, 

 on which erect branches arise, bearing spores singly at 

 their ends. This is produced inside the host plant, but 

 the skin of the latter bursts at maturity, and the affected 

 leaves appear covered with patches and spots of a reddish- 

 brown or rust colour. The spores give this particular 

 colour. They are thin- walled and germinate immedi- 

 ately on the same plant or on others of the same species 

 during summer. Well-known examples are P. graminis 

 on wheat, oats, barley, &c., P. Mentha on Mint, P. 

 malvacearum on Hollyhocks, and P. Hieracii on Chrysan- 

 themums. 



C. The Puccinia or Brand stage is very familiar on 

 Roses as dark specks amongst the Uredo stage on the 

 rusty blotches of the leaves. The growth of the fungus 

 is similar to the Uredo stage, but the fruiting branches 

 end in two-celled spores, which are thick-walled, darker 

 in colour, and produced late in the season. They are 

 named teleutospores, because they are the final stage 

 of the fungus, and rest during the winter to commence 

 the fungus anew in spring. Familiar examples are the 

 Brand of Wheat (Puccinia graminis), that of sedges 

 (P. pringsheimiana), that of Plums and other species of 

 Prunes (P. Pruni), and that of Gentian (P. Gentiana). 



Preventive means are the best to adopt. All diseased 



portions should be cut and burned directly they appear. 

 Plants should not be overcrowded, but given room, so 

 that light and air can play amongst the foliage. Useless 

 or diseased wild plants on which the fungus is known to 

 grow should be cut down and burned. Spraying with 

 dilute Bordeaux mixture will destroy the spores 

 vent them from germinating afresh on the same 01 

 plants. The foliage of soft-leaved plants like Chrysan- 

 thrinums should be kept as dry as possible, because 

 syringing and moisture, generally, f.uours tlif g'Tinirn- 

 ti-.ii of the spores rind t ; of the fungus. See 



also /Eciditim and Hollyhock Disease. 



PUCCOON. Sanguina'ria. 

 PUDDLING. See MUDDING. 



PUERA'RIA. (Named after M. Puerari, a Danish 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants [Leguminosae]. 

 Linn. i6-Monadelphia, 6-Decandria. Allied to Cana- 

 valia.) 



Greenhouse evergreen climbers. Cuttings of half- 

 ripened shoots in sand, under a glass ; sandy peat and 

 fibrous loam. Winter temp., 40 to 48*. 

 P. thunbergia'na (Thunbergian). Bluish- violet. Summer. 



China; Japan. 1889. 



tubfro'sa (tuberose). 2. Yellow. Himalaya. 1806. 

 ,, Walli'chii : (Wallich's). 3. Yellow. Himalaya. 1826. 



PULICA'RIA. Flea-bane. ( From pulex, a flea ; the 

 smell is, or was, reputed to drive away fleas. Nat. ord. 

 Composite.) 



Hardy perennial herbs. Seeds, cuttings under a hand- 

 light in summer or divisions in spring. Ordinary soil, 

 the better for being rather moist. 

 P. dysente'rica (dysenteric). i|-2. Yellow. July, 



August. Europe (Britain). 



odo'ra (scented). i$. Yellow. July, August. S. 

 Europe. 1821. 



PULMONA'RIA. Lungwort. ( From pulmonarius, dis- 

 eased lungs ; referring to its supposed efficacy in those 

 diseases. Nat. ord. Borageworts [Boraginaceae]. Linn. 

 5-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Hardy herbaceous perennials. Divisions in spring ; 

 common garden-soil. 



P. alpi'na (alpine). See MKRTENSIA ALPIVA. 

 angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). J. Violet. April. 



Europe (Britain). 

 azurea (azure), i. Bright blue. April. France ; 



Poland. 1823. 



,, oblonga'ta (oblong). See P. OBLONGATA. 

 ,, arverne'nsis (Arveman). i. Blue-purple. May, 



June. Origin uncertain. 



a'lba (white), i. White. May, June. 1905. 

 ,, azu'rea (light blue). See P. ANGUSTIFOLIA AZUREA. 

 ,, dahu'rica (Dahurian). See MERTENSIA DAVURICA. 

 ,, denticula'ta (small- toothed). See MERTENSIA SIBI- 



RICA. 



,, grandifto'ra (large-flowered). See P. SACCHARATA. 

 ,, margina'ta (bordered -leaved). See MERTENSIA LAN- 



CEOLATA. 



,, mari'tima (sea-side). See MERTENSIA MARITIMA. 



,, mo' His (soft). See P. MONTANA. 



monta'na (mountain), i. Blue. May, June. Central 



Europe. 1805. 



, oblonga'ta (oblong), i. Pink, blue. May. Europe. 

 ,, oblongifo'lium (oblong-leaved). See MERTENSIA 



OBLONGIFOLIA. 



oficina'lis(shop). i. Pink. April. Europe(England). 

 " Common Lungwort." 



a'lba (white-flowered), i. White. June. England. 



panicula'ta (panicled). See MERTENSIA PANICULATA. 



,, parviflo'ra (small-flowered). See MERTENSIA MARI- 

 TIMA. 



pube'scens (downy). See MERTENSIA PANICULATA. 



,, ru'bra (red), i. Red. June. Transsylvania. 



sacchara'ta (sugared), i. Pink. June. Europe. 1817. 



,, sibi'rica (Siberian). See MERTENSIA SIBIRICA. 



,, tubero'sa (tuberous). See P. ANGUSTIFOLIA. 



,, virgin'ica (Virginian). See MERTENSIA PULMON- 

 ARIOIDES. 



PULSATI'LLA REGELIA'NA. See ANEMONE REGELI- 



AXA. 



PULSATILLA VULGARIS. See ANEMONE PULSA- 

 TILLA. 



