QUESNELIA 



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RADISH 



Q. ru'bra pe'ndula (drooping). " Weeping Red Oak." 



salici'na (willow- like). 30-40. Japan. 1860. Ever- 

 green. 



sessiliflo'ra (stalkless-flowered). 60. May. Europe 

 (Britain). W. Asia. 



austra'lis (southern). April. Portugal. 1835. 



falkenberge'nsis (Falkenberg). Hanover. 1837. 



,, Icicinia'ta (cut-leaved). Leaves deeply cut. 



macroca'rpa (large-fruited). 60. May. Britain. 



,, mespilifo'lia (Medlar-leaved). Leaves narrow and 

 long. 



pe'ndula (drooping). A weeping variety. 1887. 



,, pube'scens (downy). 40. May. Britain. 



rubicu'nda (red). Leaves purple-red. 



sent pervi'r ens (evergreen) of Miller. See Q. ILEX. 



sempervi'rens (evergreen) of Walter. See Q. VIR- 

 GISIANA. 



seti'fera (bristle-bearing). Japan. 1874. Evergreen. 



Ski'nneri (Mr. Skinner's). 60. Mexico. 1843. 



stella'ta (starry). 50. United States. 1819. " Post 

 Oak." 



stria'la (lined). Leaves yellow, with green veins. 

 Japan. 1870. 



Su'6er(cork). 20. May. Spain. 1581. "Cork Oak." 



angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 30. June. 



,, denta'ta (toothed-leaved). 50. June. 



latifo'lia (broad-leaved). 40. June. 



Uxa'na (Texan). United States. 1894. 



thala'ssica (Thalassian). Japan. 1850. Evergreen. 



tincto'ria (dyer's). See Q. VELUTINA. 



., angulo'sa (angular-/odf). 70. May. N. Amer. 



sinuo'sa (vi&vy-edged-leaved). 70. May. N. 

 Amer. 



To'sa (Toza). 5-15. May. South-western Europe. 

 1824. 



sple'ndens (shining). 



Turne' ri (Turner's). Garden origin. (Q. Ilex X pedun- 

 culate, or Ccrris (?).) 1812. 



undula'ta (wavy). Western N. Amer. " Scrub Oak." 



Unge'ri (Unger's). See Q. ^GILOPS UNGERI. 



varia'bilis (variable). Japan. 



veluti'na (velvety). 70. May. N. Amer. 1800. 

 " Yellow Bark Oak." 



angulo'sa. (angular). 70. May. N. Amer. 



,, sinuo'sa (wavy). 70. May. N. Amer. 



vibraya'na (Vibrayan). Japan. 



vi'rens (green). See Q. VIRGINIANA. 



virginia'na (Virginian). 40. May. Southern United 

 States. 1739- " Live Oak." 



,, angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). 



rubrifo'lia (red-leaved). 



,. Wislize'ni (Wislizen's). California. 



QUESNELIA. (Commemorative of M. Quesnel, a 

 French Consul at Guiana. Nat. ord. Bromeliads [Brome- 

 liaceae]. Allied to Billbergia.) 



Tufted evergreen stove herbs. Increased bv seeds 

 and suckers. Fibrous loam, lumpy peat, some charcoal, 

 and sand. 

 Q. cayenne'nsis (Cayenne). 4-6. Blue-violet ; bracts 



red. S. Amer. 1882. 



columbia'na (Colombian), i. Violet. Spring. Colom- 

 bia. 1882. 



Ende'ri (Ender's). iJ-2. Violet. Brazil. 1888. 

 pri'nccps (chief). See Q. RUFA. 

 ro'seo-margina'ia (rosy-edged). See Q. RUFA. 

 ru'fa (reddish), ij. Blue; bracts rose. January. 



Brazil. 1880. 



selloa'na (Selloan). x. Violet. Brazil. 

 Ski'nneri (Skinner's). See Q. RUFA. 

 strobilispi'ca (cone-spiked). iJ-2. Violet. Brazil. 



1885. 



Va'n Hou'ttei (Van Houtte's). 2. White, with dark 

 blue tips ; bracts white, tipped rose. Brazil. 1878. 

 wittmackia' 'na (Wittmackian). 3-4$. Dark blue ; 

 calyx red. Brazil. 1888. 



QUICKSET, the same as Quick, Thorn, Hawthorn, or 

 Whitethorn, Crate' gus Oxyaca'ntha. See HEDGE. 



QUILLA JA. (From quillai, the Chilian name. Nat. 

 ord. Roseworts [Rosaceae]. Linn. lo-Decandria, 4-Pen- 

 tagynia. Allied to Kageneckia.) 



Hardy evergreen shrub, the bark of which is used 

 instead of soap. Cuttings of ripened shoots in sandy 

 loam, under a hand-light, and very likely by layers ; 

 sandy, deep loam, and a sheltered place. 



Q. Sapona'ria (soap). White. April. Chili. 1832. 

 " Soap Bush." 



QUINA, QUINQUINA, or QUINO. Cincho'na. 



QUINCE. Cydo'nia vulga'ris. 



Varieties. Common, Apple-shaped, Pear-shaped, and 

 Portugal. The last is the best, and very distinct from 

 the others. C. sine'nsis, the Chinese Quince, has been 

 fruited in this country, but it requires a wall. The fruit 

 is very different from that of either the Common or 

 Portugal Quinces ; it is cylindrical, about 6 inches in 

 length, and exceedingly gntty. 



Culture. The trees may be raised from seed sown in 

 autumn, but there is no certainty of having the same, or 

 any good fruit from the seedlings. The several varieties 

 may be propagated by cuttings and layers ; also by 

 suckers from such trees as prow upon their own roots, 

 and by grafting and budding upon their own or pear 

 stocks. 



Cuttings, layers, and suckers may be planted in autumn, 

 winter, or early spring. Choose young wood for the 

 cuttings and layers. They will be rooted by next 

 autumn ; then transplanted into nursery rows 2 feet 

 asunder ; plant the suckers also at the same distance, 

 and train the whole for the purposes intended ; if for 

 standards with a stem, to any desired height, from 3 to 

 6 feet ; then encourage them to branch out at top, to 

 form a head ; and those designed as dwarfs must be 

 headed near the ground, and trained accordingly, for 

 espaliers or dwarf standards. 



When they have formed tolerable heads, plant them 

 out finally. Standard quinces, designed as fruit-trees, 

 may be stationed in the garden or orchard, and some by 

 the sides of any water in bye places, suffering the whole 

 to take their own natural growth ; and as espaliers, 

 they may be arranged with other moderate-growing trees, 

 about 15 feet apart. For other particulars of culture, 

 see PEAR. 



QUINCE, BENGAL. See &GLE. MARMELOS. 



QUINCUNX is the form resulting from planting in 

 rows, with one plant opposite the centre of each vacancy 

 between two plants in the row on each side of it. In 

 other words, the plants in the second row are planted 

 alternately with those in the first. 



QUININE. An extract from the bark of several species 

 of Cinchona. 



QUINSY-BERRY. The fruit of the Black Currant, 

 Ri'bes ni'grutn. 



QUISQUA'LIS. (From quis, who, and qualis, what 

 kind ; when first named it was doubtful to which class 

 and order to refer it. Nat. ord. Myrobalans [Cpmbre- 

 taceae]. Linn. lo-Decandria, i-Monogynia. Allied to 

 Combretum.) 



Stove climber. Cuttings of the young shoots when 

 several inches in length, after the plant has been stumped 

 in after-flowering, taking the cuttings off with a heel, 

 and inserting them in sand, under a bell-glass, and in 

 bottom-heat ; peat and loam, but most of the latter. 

 Winter temp., 43 to 50 ; summer, 60 to 88. 

 Q. gla'bra (smooth). See Q. INDICA. 



i'ndica (Indian). 20. Orange, red. June. Trop. 

 Asia. 1815. 



,, pube'scens (downy). See Q. INDICA. 



,, sine'nsis (Chinese). See Q. INDICA. 



,, villo'sa (shaggy). See Q. INDICA. 



QUIVTSIA. (Bois de Quivi, of the Isle of France. 

 Nat. ord. Meliads [Meliaceae]. Linn. lo-Decandria, i- 

 Monogynia. Allied to Melia.) 



Stove evergreen tree. Cuttings of ripened shoots in 

 sand, under a glass, and in a brisk bottom-heat ; sandy 

 loam and fibrous peat. Winter temp., 48 to 55 ; 

 summer, 60 to 85. 



Q. heterophy'lla (various-leaved). 16. White. Mascarene 

 Islands. 1822. 



RACEME, a cluster. This is formed of numerous, 

 rather distant flowers, each on its own stalk, but growing 

 out of one central stalk, as in a bunch of currants. 



RADISH. Ra'phanus sati'vus. 



