RAPE 



733 



RASPBERRY 



A perennial stove herb with a short, thick rhizome. 

 Seeds, offsets, or cuttings of the rhizome. Loam, and 

 peat in the edge of a tank. 



R. pandanoi'des (Pandanus-like). i. Yellow, spotted 

 with brown ; spathe red. Brazil. 1873. 



RAPE, or COLESEED. (Bra'sstca Na'pus.) Like 

 mustard and other small salading, it may be sown at 

 any period of the year, when in request, being allowed a 

 separate bed. It 'is cultivated as MUSTARD, which see. 



To obtain Seed. Some plants of a sowing made about 

 the middle of July must be thinned to 18 inches apart : 

 they will survive the winter, and flower in the May and 

 June of the next year. The seed, which is produced in 

 great abundance, ripens in July and August, and must 

 be cut as it does so, and laid upon cloths to dry. 



RAPE (edible-rooted). This name may be applied to a 

 variety of the rape mentioned by Mr. Dickson, one of the 

 vice-presidents of the Horticultural Society. Its root is 

 white and carrot-shaped, about the size of the middle 

 finger. It is much more delicate in flavour than the 

 turnip, like which root it is cooked, only that it is not 

 peeled, but scraped, its skin being remarkably thin. 



Souring. For the main crop, sow from the middle of 

 July to the end of August, or even later. These will 

 supply the table until April ; and if wanted throughout 

 the year, a little may be sown in the latter end of 

 October, the plants from which will be fit for use 

 during April and May ; the last crop to be sown from 

 the middle of January to the middle of February, which 

 will come in at the end of May and during June. On a 

 north border, and if the soil is sandy and moist, it is 

 possible to have them sweet and tender during the whole 

 summer, to effect which sow at the close of March and 

 May. 



Cultivation. Thin and hoe as turnips. In dry weather 

 the beds must be watered regularly. 



Sot7. One great advantage attending the cultivation 

 of this vegetable is, that it requires no manure. Any soil 

 that is poor and light, especially if sandy, is suitable to 

 it. In rich, manured soil it grows much larger, but not 

 so sweet and good. 



To obtain Seed in February or March, some of the finest 

 roots are transplanted to 2 feet asunder ; but it would, 

 perhaps, be a better practice to leave them where grown. 

 The seed must be cut as soon as ripe, and treated as 

 directed for turnips, &c. 



RA'PHANUS. Radish. (From ra, quickly, and phai- 

 nomai, to appear ; rapid germination of the seeds. Nat. 

 ord. Crucifers [Cruciferae]. Linn. is-Tetradynamia.) 



Hardy annuals. Seeds ; rich, sandy soil ; but for 

 standing the winter it should be dry and poor. See 

 RADISH. 

 R. arcna'tus (curved). See CHORISPORA TENELLA 



ARCUATA. 



cauda'tus (tailed). See R. SATIVUS. 



tsa2oi'd(Isatis-like). ii. Yellow. Garden form. 1886. 



,, La'ndra (Landra). 3. Yellow. June. Italy. 1820. 

 Biennial. 



mari'timus (maritime). 2. Yellow. August, Sep- 

 tember. Western Europe (Britain). Biennial. 



Raphani' strum (Raphanistrum). 1-2. White or pale 

 yellow. July, August. Europe (Britain). 



,, sati'vus (cultivated). 3. White, purple. May. 

 Europe. 1548. " Common Radish." 



tene'llus (slender). See CHORISPORA TENELLA. 



RA'PHIA, (Possibly a native name. Nat. ord. 

 Palmaceae.) 



Stove palms. Seeds. Loam, a little peat, and sand. 

 R. Gce'rtneri (Gartner's). 50. Trop. Africa. 

 ,, gentilia'na (Gentilian). Leaves prickly. Congo. 1909. 

 Hoo'keri (Hooker's). Trop. Africa. 

 ,, Laure'ntii (Laurent's). Congo (?). 1905. 

 peduncula'ta (long-stalked). 50-60. Madagascar. 



18^0. 



Ru'ffia (Ruffia). See R. PEDUNCULATA. 

 tadi'gera (resin-bearing). See R. VINIFERA. 

 vini fera (wine-bearing). 50. Trop. Africa. 1820. 



RAPHIDOTHORA. See RHAPHIDOPHORA. 



RAPmOLETIS. Indian Hawthorn. (From rhaphis, 

 a needle, and lepis, a scale ; formation of the bracts. 

 Nat. ord. Roseworts [Rosaceae]. Linn. i2-Icosandria, 

 2-Di-pentagynia. Allied to Crataegus.) 



Half-hardy, white-flowered, evergreen shrubs. Cut- 

 tings of half-ripened shoots in sandy loam, in a sheltered 

 place, under a hand-light ; sandy loam and peat ; a 

 sheltered place against a wall, or protected in very cold 

 places by a cold pit ; most of them have stood at least 

 several seasons protected by a wall in the vicinity of 

 London. 

 R. i'ndica (Indian). White, pink. June. China. 1806. 



japo'nica (Japanese). 2-3. White. July. Japan. 



ova'ta (egg-shaped) of gardens. See R. JAPONICA. 



ova'ta (egg-shaped) of Briot. Japan. 



Pheostefmon (brown-stamened). See R. INDICA. 



ru'bra (red). See R. INDICA. 



salicifo'lia (willow-leaved). See R. INDICA. 



RAPHIONA CME. (From rhaphion, a small needle, 

 and akme, a point ; in allusion to the slender-pointed 

 scales of the corona. Nat. ord. Asclepiadaceae.) 



A dry stove succulent, with a large, turnip-shaped 

 tuber. Seeds. Loam, with an equal portion of finely 

 broken bricks and sand. 



R. u'tilis (useful). J-J. Bright purple. Angola. 1908. 

 Yields rubber. 



RAPmSTFMMA. (From rhaphis, a needle, and 

 stemma, a crown ; in allusion to the pointed scales of 

 the corona. Nat. ord. Asclepiadaceae.) 



A stove climber. Cuttings of short side-shoots in 

 sand, in a close case, with bottom-heat. Fibrous loam, 

 peat, and sand. 



R. cilia'tum (eye-lashed). See D.EMIA EXTENSA. 

 pulche'llum (pretty). White, pink. July. India. 

 1852. 



RASPALIA. (Named after M. Raspail, a French 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Bruniads fBruniaceae], T.inn. 5- 

 I Pentandria, i-Monogynia. Allied to Brunia.) 



Greenhouse evergreens. Cuttings of young, stubby 

 shoots in sand, under a bell-glass, and in a cold frame ; 

 sandy, fibrous peat. Winter temp., 40 to 48. 

 R. dregea'na (Dregean). 1-2. Yellowish. S. Africa. 

 globo'sa (globose). 2. White. July. S.Africa. 1816. 

 microphy'lla (small-leaved), i. White. July. S. 



Africa. 1804. 

 passerinoi'des (Passerina-like). 2. White. July. 



S. Africa. 1805. 

 phylicoi'des (Phylica-like). See R. DREGEA.VA. 



RASPBERRY. Ru'bus Ida'us. 



Varieties. The most useful are as follows : (i) Red 

 Antwerp ; (2) Yellow Antwerp ; (3) Fastolff, or Filby ; 

 (4) Double-bearing ; (5) Superlative ; (6) the Guinea or 

 Yellow Superlative. Of these, Nos. i and 2 have been 

 for many years highly esteemed ; but (3) has, of ]ate, 

 in a great degree, superseded them, being larger and of 

 at least equal flavour, a great bearer, and possessing 

 that desirable property in the summer Raspberries of 

 producing occasionally fine autumnal fruit, which is 

 superior to that of the double-bearing kinds. No. 4 is 

 a decided autumn Raspberry. No. 5 is a strong grower, 

 and the heaviest cropper, producing large crimson fruits ; 

 the Guinea is a seedling from it, of similar vigour, but 

 the large fruits are not quite so sweet as those of Yellow 

 Antwerp. Mr. Rivers, of Sawbridgeworth, has a new 

 variety of No. 4 from America, which is said to be very 

 superior. Another variety is a hybrid between the 

 Raspberry and Blackberry ; this Mr. Rivers calls " the 

 Black," and states is good for preserving. 



Propagation: by Suckers. Those who desire to make 

 a new plantation of Raspberries will do well to obtain 

 their suckers from a healthy stock. We have known 

 new plantations made in cases of emergency from a 

 stock which had stood too long in the ground, and of 

 course were lean, if not diseased. This leanness was 

 evidently transmitted to their progeny, and, despite 

 high manuring, a year or two was lost before they could 

 recover. Suckers, then, may be planted any time be- 

 tween October and the middle of February, and they 

 are drawn away from the old plants by hand ; a slight 

 pull will soon show which are those disposed to colonise. 

 Deeply-dug ground is requisite, and it should have a 

 liberal amount of half-rotten manure. Strong suckers 

 (drawn with a ball of soil, if possible) may be planted 

 three in a group, at the end of September, 4 feet apart 

 from centre to centre ; and the rows, if side by side, 

 6 feet apart. As soon as the leaf drops, say the'begin- 



