SANTOLINA 



773 



SARCANTHUS 



S. a'lbum (vrbite-wooded) . 10-15. Purple. E. Ind. 1804. 

 myrlifo'lium (myrtle-leaved). 4. Red. E. Ind. 



1804. 

 obtusifo'lium (blunt-leaved). 5. Red. Australia. 



1823. 



SANTOLTNA. Lavender Cotton. (From sanctus, holy, 

 and linum, flax ; refers to fancied medicinal qualities. 

 Nat. ord. Composites [Composite]. Linn. ig-Syngenesia, 

 1-jEqualis.) 



Hardy, yellow-flowered evergreens. Cuttings in autumn 

 or spring, in a shady place ; common soil. 

 S. alpi'na (alpine). See ANTHEMIS MONTANA. 

 anlhemoi'des(Anthemis-like). See ANTHEMIS CRETICA. 

 cane'scens (hoary). See S. ROSMARINIFOLIA. 

 Chanuecypari 'ssus (ground-cypress). 2. July. S. 



Europe. 1570. 



inca'na (hoary). Dwarf and silvery. 

 squarro'sa (spreading). Flower- heads smaller 



than peas. 

 tomento'sa (felted). Flower- heads larger than 



peas, mealy. 



criihmifo'lia (Crithxnum-leaved). \. August. Mace- 

 donia. 1817. 



ere'cta (erect). See LASIOSPERMUM PEDUNCULARE. 

 eriospe'rma (woolly-seeded). See LASIOSPERMUM 



PEDUNCULARE. 



,, pectina'ta (comb-leaved). See S. ROSMARINIFOLIA. 



,, ri'gida (rigid). See ANTHEMIS CRETICA. 



rosmarinifo'lia (rosemary- leaved). 2. August. Spain 



and Portugal. 1683. 

 ,, squarro'sa (spreading). See S. CHAM^ECYPARISSUS 



SQUARROSA. 



vi'ridis (dark-green). 2. July. S. Europe. 1727. 



SANVITA'LIA. (Named after a Spaniard, Sanvilali. 

 Nat. ord. Composites [Composite], Linn. ig-Syngenesia, 

 2-Superflua.) 



Hardy annual. Seeds in a slight hotbed, in March, 

 or in the open ground at the end of April. A trailing 

 annual, well-fitted for edgings. 

 S. procu'mbens (trailing), i. Yellow. July. Mexico. 



1798. 

 villo'sa (shaggy). See S. PROCUMBENS. 



SAOUAEI or SUWARROW NUT. Caryo'car nuci'- 

 ferum. 



SAP. The fluid which permeates the tissues of plants 

 is termed the sap. There is a general ascending current 

 from the roots to the leaves, and consisting of water, 

 with various mineral ingredients of plant food in a state 

 of solution. By far the greater part of water ascending 

 from the roots is transpired or given off by the leaves 

 into the air. A smaller portion is retained by the proto- 

 plasm of living and working cells, and used for the con- 

 version of starch into sugar or other elaborated plant 

 foods, which are draughted off to the growing points of 

 stems and branches, or downwards by the bast tissues, 

 or sieve tubes, to extend the root-system as well as thicken 

 the trunk or stem. 



SAPrNDUS. (From sapo, soap, and indus, Indian. 

 The mucilaginous outer coat of the seeds is used as 

 soap in America. Nat. ord. Sapindaceae.) 



Stove evergreen trees. Seeds in heat ; cuttings in 

 sand or sandy soil in a close case, with bottom- heat. 

 S. acumina'tus (long-pointed). See S. MUKOROSSI. 

 Danu'ra (Danura). 5-8. White, red. India ; 



Burma. 1820. 

 Drummo'ndii (Drummond's). 50. White. S. United 



States, &c. 1907. 



Mukoro'ssi (Mukoross'). Trop. Asia. 

 Sapona'ria (Saponaria). 6. April. S. United States. 

 1810. " Soap Bern-." 



SAPODILLA or SAPOTILLA PLUM. A'chras Sapo' la. 



SAPONA'RIA. Soap wort. (From sapo, soap ; the 

 bruised leaves of S. officinalis form a lather like soap. 

 Nat. ord. Cloveu-orts [Caryophyllacea?]. Linn. lo-De- 

 candria, i-Digynia. Allied to Silene.) 



S. cala'brica and ocymoi'des are two of the prettiest 

 flower-garden plants in this order. Seeds of the annuals 

 in open border, in April ; division of the perennials, 

 and cuttings of the points of the shoots, in a sandy soil, 

 under a hand-light ; sandy loam, with a little peat or 



decayed vegetable earth. Ocymoi'des and several other 

 trailing kinds are pretty hanging over knolls or rock- 

 works. 



HARDY ANNUALS. 

 S. cala'brica (Calabrian). J. Rose. August. Calabria. 



1830. 



trastot'd(Cerastium-Uke). $. Pink. Russia. 1835. 

 ,, glutino'sa (clammy), r. Pink. June. Tauria. 1817. 



Biennial. 



multiflo'ra (many-flowered). See S. CALABRICA. 

 orienta'lis (eastern), i. Pink. July. Levant. 1732. 

 ,, perfolia'ta (leaf-stem-pierced). See S. VACCARIA. 

 po'rrigens (stretching). See GYPSOPHILA PORRIGENS. 

 Vacca'ria (cow-herb). 2. Red. July. Europe, &c. 



1596. 

 visco'sa (clammy), i. Armenia. 1836. 



HARDY HERBACEOUS. 



S. bellidifo'lia (daisy-leaved). J. Red. July. Central 



Europe to Greece. 1825. 



,, Boissie'ri (Boisier's). J. Pink. June. Gardens. 

 caspito'sa (turfy), . Red. July. Pyrenees. 1820. 

 depre'ssa (depressed). Large purplish. Sicily. 1906. 

 e'legans (elegant). See S. C^SPITOSA. 

 illy'rica (Illyrian). See TUNICA ILLYRICA. 

 Ivftea (yeUow). J. Yellow. July. Switzerland. 



1804. 

 ocymoi'des (basil-like). J. Pink. June. S. Europe. 



1768. 



officina'lis (shop). 2. Pink. July. Europe (Eng- 

 land). 



flo're ple'no (double-flowered). 

 hy'brida (hybrid). Pink. England. 

 prosira'ta (lying-flat). Rose. July. Asia Minor. 



1824. 

 pulvina'ris (cushion). J. Bright rose. Asia Minor ; 



Syria. 1906. 

 Sunderma'nni (Sundermann's). Flowers larger, more 



numerous than S. bellidifolia. 

 Weinma'nni (Weinmann's). Pale purple. Gardens. 



1906. 



SAPO'TA A'CHRAS. See ACHRAS SAPOTA. 

 SAPPAN WOOD. Casalpi'nia Sa'ppan. 

 SAPROPHYTE. Plants which derive the whole of 

 their food from the dead matter of other plants are 

 termed saprophytes. The common mushroom, fairy- 

 ring mushroom, and many other mushrooms and toad- 

 stools are examples. Mildew of various plants, and 

 Mistletoe, are examples of parasites which get their food, 

 or part of it, from living plants. 



SA'RACA. (Derived from Sarac, the native name. 

 Nat. ord. Leguminosae.) 



Evergreen stove trees. Cuttings of mature wood, in 

 sand, in a close case, with bottom-heat. Fibrous loam, 

 peat, and a little sand. 

 S. cauliflo'ra (stem-flowering). Malacca. 

 Craxfo'rdn (Crawford's). Scarlet. Garden origin. 

 dedina'ta (declining). Yellow-orange. Sumatra. 

 i'ndica (Indian). 10-20. Orange. June to August. 



India ; Malaya. 1796. 

 frta'n<?ra(three-stamened). 10-20. Orange. Burma; 



Malaya. 1820. 



SARA'CHA. (Commemorative of Isidore Saracha, a 

 Spanish monk. Nat. ord. Solanaceas.) 



Greenhouse or nearly hardy herbs. Seeds in a cold 

 frame in spring or la'ter in the open border. Well- 

 drained soil. 



S. Jaltoma'ta (Jaltomata). Mexico. 

 procu'mbens (procumbent). Yellow. June to Sep- 

 tember. Peru. 

 stapelioi'des (Stapelia-like). 2. Yellow, red-brown. 



J vine to September. N.W. Amer. 1865. 

 wnbella'ta (umbelled). 2-3. Creamy-white. June. 



Peru. 1822. 

 visco'sa (clammy). Yellow. June to September. 



Peru; Chili. 



SARCA'NTHUS. (From sarx, flesh, and antJtos, a 

 flower; substance of the flowers. Nat. ord. Orchids 

 [Orchidacea?]. Linn. zo-Gynandria, i-Mona.ndria.) 

 Stove orchids, grown in baskets. See ORCHIDS. 



