SC^VA 



782 



SCAPHOSEPALUM 



S. leucophy'lla (white-leaved). Central Europe. 

 longifo'lia (long-leaved). Europe. 

 lu'cida (shining). 2. Blue. Europe. 1800. 

 no'rica (Norican). Carinthia. 

 lusita'nica (Portuguese), ij. Blue. July. Europe. 



1824. 



lu'tea (yellow). 2. Yellow. June. Russia. 1820. 

 macedo 'nica (Macedonian). Greece. 

 magni'fica (magnificent). Macedonia. 

 mo'llis (soft). See S. GRAMUNTIA. 

 ni'tens (shining). June. Azores. 1779. 

 ochroleu'ca (yellow- white). i. Yellow. July. 



Europe, &c. 1517. 

 ,, orientalis (oriental). Orient. 

 paucise'ta (few-bristled). See S. GRAMUNTIA. 

 Pina'rdi (Pinard's). Orient. 

 plumo'sa (plumy). Greece, &c. 

 Po'rUe (Porta's). Europe. 

 Pteroce'phala (winged-head). J. Purple. July. 



Greece. 



pube'scens (downy). See S. COLLINA. 

 pyrena'ica(Pyrenean). i. Purple. July. S.Europe. 



1819. 



rupe'stris (rock). See S. ISETENSIS. 

 rutcefo'lio. (rue-leaved), i. Scarlet. July. Western 



Mediterranean region. 1804. 



Solce'di (Salced's). i. White. June. Spain. 1823. 

 Scopo'lii (Scopol's). 2. Straw. July. S. Europe. 



1819. 

 seti'fero. (bristle-bearing). 2. White. July. S. 



Europe. 1826. 

 silenifo'lia (Silene-leaved). i. Red. July. Europe. 



1826. 



specio'sa (showy). Himalaya. 

 ,, stri'cta (upright). See S. LUCIDA. 

 suave'olens (sweet-smelling), i. Red. July. Europe; 



Asia Minor. 1826. 

 Succi'sa (bitten). 1-2. Blue. July. Europe (Britain). 



" Devil's-bit Scabious." 

 sylva'tica (wood). 2. White. June. Europe; 



Caucasus. 1818. 



syri'aca (Syrian). See CEPHALARIA SYRIACA. 

 iata'rica (Tatarian). See CEPHALARIA TATARICA. 

 transsylva'nica (Transsylvanian). See CEPHALARIA 



TRANSSYLVANICA. 



triniafo'lia (Trinia-leaved) . Greece; Rumelia. 



cra'rtica(Ukrainic). i. Light yellow. July. Europe; 



Asia Minor. 1713. 



urceola'ta (urn-shaped). See S. RUT^EFOLIA. 

 vesti'na (clothed). Europe. 

 webbia'na (Webbian). See S. OCHROLEUCA. 



SC2EVA. Hawk Fly. Of this genus there are several 

 species, of which the most common are S. ribesii and 

 5. pyrastri. Wherever aphides are abundant, whether 

 on the cabbage, hop, or elsewhere, there is a fleshy-green 

 maggot. This is the larva of a hawk-fly, and should be 

 left undisturbed, as it is a voracious destroyer of plant- 

 lice. 



SC2ETOLA. (From scceva, the left hand; form of 

 the corolla. Nat. ord. Goodeniads [Goodeniaceae]. Linn. 

 $-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Divisions and cuttings of young shoots ; the tender 

 species in heat ; the greenhouse in a cold pit, under a 

 bell-glass ; sandy loam and turfy peat ; the usual green- 

 house and stove treatment. 



STOVE EVERGREENS. 

 S. ivcefo'lia. (Iva- leaved). White. August. Trinidad. 



1820. 

 Koeni'giiCK.oevig's). z. Pale red or white. August. 



Tropics. 1810. 

 Tacca'da (Taccada). See S. KOENIGII. 



GREENHOUSE HERBACEOUS. 

 S. alterna'la. (alternate-leaved). Purple. June. Swan 



River. 1844. 

 anchusizfo'lia (Anchusa-leaved). Blue. May. Swan 



River. 

 attenua'ta (thin-leaved). 2. Pale blue. June. Swan 



River. 1844. 

 crassifo'lia (thick-leaved). 3. White. September. 



Australia. 1805. 

 cuneifo'rmis (wedge-shaped), ij. Blue. Australia. 



1834. 



S. fascicula'ta (bundled). August. Swan River. 

 ,, hi'spida (bristly). 2. Lilac. July. Australia. 



1827. 

 microca'rpa (small- fruited), ij. Violet. July. N.S. 



Wales. 1790. 



multiflo'ra (many-flowered). See S. NITIDA. 

 ni'tida (shining). Blue. July. Australia. 1840. 

 ,, pilo'sa (thinly-hairy). 2. Blue. May. Australia. 

 platyphy'lla (broad- leaved). 2. White. May. 



Australia. 1841. 

 ,, suave'olens (sweet-scented). 2. Blue. August. N.S. 



Wales. 1793. 



SCALE, or SCALY FERN. Asple'nium Ce'terach. 



SCALE INSECTS. These belong to the family Cocci- 

 de?p, and to the class Homoptera. They are named 

 scale insects from the scaly covering that protects the 

 female. The larva? or young are oval, active insects, 

 with six legs, antennae, and a long beak, which they 

 insert in the stems or leaves, after they find a suitable 

 situation, and when they have done this, the females 

 settle down for life. Their legs and antennas disappear, 

 while the body grows larger and assumes a more rounded 

 shape, but this varies with the species. When they 

 settle down for life the body gets covered by a scale, 

 excreted by the insect itself in the Coccinae and Lecaninas, 

 or by the cast skins of the larvae, together with an 

 excretion in Diaspinas. The male insect is an entirely 

 different form of insect, with a slender body, two long 

 antennas, two delicate wings, and usually two slender 

 filaments at the tail, but no mouth, so that it cannot 

 do damage to plants. In some species, winged and 

 wingless males occur, but in all cases they are scarce, 

 and seldom seen. 



Scale insects are very numerous in species, even in 

 Britain. Many of them live on wild plants, on hardy 

 trees and shrubs, including many that are planted for 

 ornament or cultivated for their fruits. Though closely 

 allied to aphides, they do not increase so fast, because 

 they usually produce only one brood a year. They often 

 prove very destructive, however, owing to their numbers, 

 when allowed to multiply without check. With their 

 long beaks they suck the juices of the plants they infest 

 and thereby weaken or eventually kill them. 



Some of the more common are Peach Scale (Lecanium 

 Persicce) on peach and plum trees ; Apple Mussel Scale 

 (Mytilaspis pomorum) on the trunk and branches of 

 apple trees ; Pear Oyster Scale (Diaspis ostretzformis) on 

 pear trees ; Camellia Scale (A spidiotus Camellia) on 

 Camellias ; A. palmarum, on palms and cycads ; Diaspis 

 ROSCE, on roses ; Lecanium Hesperidum on oranges ; and 

 Dactylopius adonidum, on a great variety of greenhouse 

 plants. 



Remedies that have been employed with greater or 

 less success against these pests are numerous, but some 

 of the most effective are kerosene and paraffin emulsions, 

 kerosene solution, say one gill to five gallons of water, 

 and strong solutions of common and soft soaps in water, 

 say four ounces to the gallon. A good recipe for kerosene 

 emulsion for scale consists of two gallons of kerosene, 

 half a pound of common soap or soft soap, and one 

 gallon of water. These are churned with a syringe till 

 they form a creamy paint, and one part of the emulsion 

 is diluted with nine parts of cold water. 



SCALLION. See CIBOUL. 

 SCAMMONY. Convo'lvulus Scammo'nia. 



SCAPHOSETALUM. (From skaphe, a boat or tube, 

 and sepalon, a sepal ; in allusion to the shape of the 

 lateral sepals. Nat. ord. Orchidaceae.) 



Cool house, epiphytical orchids. Divisions. Fibre 

 of peat, sphagnum, charcoal nodules, and crocks. 

 S. anchori'ferum (anchor-bearing). Purple ochre, with 



purple spots. Costa Rica. 1884. 



antenni'ferum (antennas-bearing). ij. Greenish- 

 yellow, lined with brown. 1890. 

 ,, bre've (short). Yellow, with purple spots. British 



Guiana. 1883. 

 gibbero'sum (bulging). Dark red, with green tails. 



Colombia. 1876. 

 microdd 'ctylum (small-fingered). . Greenish-yellow 



and bro'wn. 1893. 

 ochtho'des (warty). Colombia. 



pulvina're (cushioned). Olive-green ; tails purplish. 

 Colombia. 1880. 



