SLOANEA 



808 



SMILAX 



(See CUTTINGS for culture.) Slips, also, is the name 

 applied to the side beds of the kitchen garden, not im- 

 mediately in contact with the walls or fences. 



SLOA'NEA. (Commemorative of Sir Hans Sloane, 

 founder of Chelsea Botanic Gardens and the British 

 Museum. Nat. ord. Tiliaceae.) 



Evergreen stove shrubs or trees. Cuttings of mature 

 wood in sand, in a close .frame, with bottom-heat. Fibrous 

 loam, a little peat and sand. 

 S. denta'ta (toothed). 40-50. White. October. Brazil ; 



Guiana. 17-52. 



sinemarie'nsis (Sinemarian). 40-50. White. July. 

 Guiana ; W. Ind. 1820. 



SLOE-TREE. Pru'mts spino'sa. 



SLUGS are of many species, and the smaller are much 

 more injurious to the gardener than those of a larger 

 size, because they are much less discernible, and, their 

 ravages being more gradual, are not at once detected. 

 They are effectually destroyed by either salt or lime ; 

 and to secure the contact of these with their bodies, it 

 is best first to water the soil where they harbour with 

 lime-water in the evening when they are coming out to 

 feed, sprinkling the surface at the same time with dry 

 lime, and at the end of a week applying a surface-dressing 

 of salt, at the rate of five bushels per acre. If cabbage- 

 leaves are spread upon the surface of land infested by 

 slugs, they will resort to their under sides, and thus they 

 may be trapped ; but lime and salt are most efficacious. 

 Lime-water may be poured over wall-trees infested with 

 them, and they may be syringed with it as well as with 

 water in which gas liquor has been mixed, about half a 

 pint to a gallon. If lime be sprinkled along the top and 

 at the base of the wall, renewing it weekly, the slugs 

 cannot get to the trees. Fresh brewers' grains, placed 

 in small heaps, are good traps for them ; and frequent 

 earth-stirring helps to banish them. 



SLUGWORMS. Under the name of Slimy Grub and 

 Slugworm, a species of Sawfly (Eriocampa limacina) is 

 only too well known for its destructiveness to the leaves 

 of the pear, the upper surface of which it eats away, 

 leaving only the skeleton, or framework of veins, and 

 such leaves soon die. Various other names have been 

 given to it, such as Selandria atra and S. Cerasi, the 

 latter in allusion to its feeding on the Cherry. It some- 

 times attacks the Plum and the Peach. The larvae are 

 like small, slimy black slugs, with a large head. The 

 Sawfly is shining black, with black or dusky legs and 

 dusky wings with black nervures. It measures about 

 half an inch across the outspread wings. The eggs are 

 laid on the upper surface of the leaves about the middle 

 of June, and the caterpillars hatch out late in that month. 

 At first they are white, then yellow, and at last become 

 covered with the black slime. They are most noticeable 

 in July, and may occasionally be found in October, 

 possibly from a second brood. 



The Rose Slugworm (Eriocampa Rosa;) is much less 

 conspicuous than the above, and often proves very de- 

 structive to Roses by eating away the upper skin of the 

 leaf, in patches, or more or less completely, when the 

 leaves die. The larva? are pale yellow-green, with a 

 darker line down the back, and an orange head. There 

 are two broods, the first appearing in June, and the 

 second in August or September. 



As soon as the larva? of Cherry and Pear Sawfly are 

 observed on the leaves, the latter should be dusted with 

 powdered quicklime or gas-lime. This causes the slug- 

 worms to moult or cast their skins to get rid of the lime, 

 and then appear yellow. A second application will 

 destroy the grubs, as they are unable to go on casting 

 their skins. The perfect sawflies are rather sluggish in 

 the early morning or late at night, and may then be 

 shaken down on a cloth and destroyed. The Rose Slug- 

 worm may be destroyed by spraying the rose-bushes 

 with nicotine or hellebore wash. The larva? get killed by 

 eating the poisoned leaves. 



SMEATHMA'NNIA. (Named after Smeathmann, an 

 African traveller. Nat. ord. Passionworts [Passifloraceas]. 

 Linn. i^-Polyandria, 6-Polygynia.) 



Stove, white-flowered evergreens, from Sierra Leone. 

 Cuttings of ripened shoots, or short, stubby side-shoots, 

 in sand, under a bell-glass, and in bottom-heat ; sandy, 

 fibrous loam, and lumpy peat. Winter temp., 55 to 60 ; 

 summer, 60 to 85 



S. emargina'ta (emarginate). Trop. Africa. 1851. 



laviga'ta (smooth-leaved). 6. February. 1823. 



pube'scens (downy). 10. February. 



ro'sea (rosy). Rosy-red. 1851. 



SMELOW'SKIA. (Commemorative of T. Smelowsky, a 

 Russian botanist. Nat. ord. Cruciferae.) 



Hardy perennial herb. Seeds; divisions. Well- 

 drained soil with some leaf-mould. 



S. calyci'na (large-calyxed). J. White. April. Arctic 

 Asia and Amer. 1823. 



SMILACI NA. (Diminutive of Smilax, from smile, a 

 scraper ; referring to the rough stems. Nat. ord. Lily- 

 worts [Liliaceae]. Linn. 6-Hexandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Hardy herbaceous, white-flowered, and from North 

 America, except where otherwise specified. Divisions 

 in spring ; common, light soil. 

 S. alpi'na (alpine). See CLINTONIA ALPINA. 

 amce'na (lovely). See S. PANICULATA. 

 bifo'lia (two-leaved). See MAIANTHEMUM CONVAL- 



LARIA. 

 borea'lis (northern). See CLINTONIA BOREALIS and 



C. UMBELLATA. 



canade'nsis (Canadian). . June. 1812. 



cilia' ta (eye-lashed). See S. RACEMOSA. 



cilia' ta (hair- fringed). See MAIANTHEMUM CONVAL- 



LARIA. 



olera'cea (pot-herb). 3. White, tinged with rose. 



Himalaya. 

 panicula'ta (panicled). 3-4. Green. May. Mexico. 



1850. Greenhouse. 

 racemo'sa (racemed). i. Pale yellow. May. 1640. 



" False Spikenard." 

 ramo'sa (branchy). 2. Pale yellow. May. Siberia. 



1820. 

 Stella' ta (starred). J. May. 1633. " Star-flowered 



Lily of the Valley." 



,, trifo'lia (three- leaved), J. June. 1812. 

 umbella'ta (umbelled). See CLINTONIA UMBELLATA. 

 ,, uniflo'ra (one-flowered). See CLINTONIA UNIFLORA. 



SMI'LAX. (From smile, a scraper ; rough, prickly 

 stems. Nat. ord. Lilyworts [Liliaceae]. Linu. 22- 

 Dicecia, 6-Hexandria.) 



Sarsaparilla is the produce of many species of Smilax. 

 There are many species, but only the following require 

 our notice, which have whitish-green flowers. Suckers 

 from the roots ; sandy, rich loam, and a little peat. 

 They are evergreen climbers, seldom flowering. One of 

 the most beautiful is S. Bo'na-no'x ru'bens, from the red 

 colour of its tendrils. The species from China should 

 have the protection of a cold pit or a wall. 

 S. argyrce'a (silvery). Leaves having silvery blotches. 



Bolivia. 1892. Stove. 

 a'spera (rough). 8. 'August. Europe ; Orient. 1648. 



" Rough Bindweed." 

 angustifo'lia (narrow-leaved). i. September. 



China. 1820. 



,, macula'ta (blotched). E. Indies. 

 ,, maurita'nica (Mauritanian). Yellow-green. N. 



Africa. 1884. 



puncta'ta (dotted). Leaves with white markings. 

 auricula'ta- (eared). Spines white. N. Amer. 1884. 



Greenhouse. 



,, austra'lis (southern). 4-6. Australia. 1791. Green- 

 house. 

 Bo'na-no'x (good-night). 8-10. July. Carolina; 



Georgia. 1739. 

 hasta'ta (hastate). Leaves narrower. S. United 



States. 

 ru'bens (red). 6. Tendrils red. July. N. Amer. 



1812. 



Chi'na (China). 6-20. China. 1759. 

 di'scolor (two-coloured). Leaves with purple-brown 



blotches. Mexico. 1886. Greenhouse. 

 ,, exce'lsa (lofty). S.W. Europe ; Asia Minor, &c. 

 ,, triangula'ta (triangular). Leaves triangular, 



smaller by half. Servia. 1907. 

 glau'ca (sea-green). 2-3. July. N. Amer. 1815. 



" Carrion-flower." 

 glycyphy'lla (liquorice-leaved). Berries black in 



globose clusters. Australia. 1888. Greenhouse. 

 herba'cea (herbaceous). June. N. Amer. ; Japan. 



1699. 

 Si'msii (Sim's). A smaller leaved form. 



