SMITHIA 



809 



SNOWY FLY 



S. ki'spida (roughly-hairy). N. Amer. 



lanceola'ta (lance-shaped). 10-15. June. N. Amer. 

 1785- 



latifo'lia (broad-leaved). See S. AUSTRALIS. 



longifo'lia (Ions-leaved). See S. SALICIFOLIA. 



variega'ta (variegated). See S. SALICIFOLIA VARIE- 

 GATA. 



laurifo'lia (laurel-leaved). Southern United States. 



macrophy'lla (large-leaved). E. Ind. Stove. 



,, macttla'ta (blotched). See S. ORNATA. 



officina'lis (shop). Colombia. 1866. Stove. 



orna'ta (adorned). Leaves blotched with silver. 

 Mexico. 1863. Greenhouse. 



ovalifo'lia (oval-leaved). See S. MACROPHYLLA. 



proli'fera (proliferous). India. Stove. 



Pseu'do-chi'na (false-China). Greenish. Berries black. 

 N. Amer. 1888. 



quadrangula'ris (four-angled). See S. ROTUXDIFOLIA. 



rotundifo'lia (round-leaved). June. N. Amer. 1888. 

 " Horse-brier," " Green-brier." 



ru'bens (red). See S. BOXA-NOX RUBEXS. 



sagittcefo'lia (arrow-leaved). See S. ASPERA ANGUSTI- 

 FOLIA. 



salicifo'lia (willow-leaved). Leaves long. Brazil. 

 Greenhouse. 



variega'ta (variegated). Leaves with white varie- 

 gation. Para. 1867. Greenhouse. 



Sarsapari'lla (Sarsaparilla). 4. July. N.Amer. 1664. 



Shuttlewo'rthii (Shuttleworth's). Leaves with silvery- 

 grey blotches. Colombia. 1877. Stove. 



tamnoi'des (Tamnus-like). N. Arner. 



Walte'rii (Walter's). Virginia. 



Watso'nii (Watson's). See S. HERBACEA. 



SMITHIA. (Commemorative of Sir James Edward 

 Smith, the celebrated English botanist and founder of 

 the Linnean Society of London. Nat. ord. Lesuminosae.) 



Stove annual. Seeds in heat in spring. Fibrous loam, 

 peat, and sand. 



S. purpu'rea (purple), i. Purple, with white markings. 

 June to September. India. 1848. 



SMODI'NGIUM. (Possibly commemorative. Nat. ord. 

 Anacardiaceae. Allied to Rhus and Schinus.) 



A half-hardy or greenhouse climber. Cuttings in sand, 

 under a bell-glass. Loam, a little peat, and sand. 

 S. or gu' turn (acute). Flowers minute, green. S. Africa. 

 1908. 



SMOKE PLANT. Rhu's Co'tinus. 

 SMOKE-WOOD. Cle'matis Vita'lba. 

 SMOOTH FLOWER. Leia'nlhus. 

 SMOOTH-FRUITED HORSE CHESTNUT. Pa'via. 



SMUT. The common name given to a number of 

 minute fungi which live on the fruits of some cereals, 

 and on the anthers and other parts of certain flowering 

 plants. Ustilago violacea and Sorosporium Saponaricz 

 live on the anthers of species of Dianthus, Silene, and 

 other members of the Caryophyllacea=. S. primulicolum 

 lives on the young seeds of Primula vulgaris, P. farinosa, 

 and P. elatior. Wherever these funei are noticed, the 

 flowers and other parts affected should be gathered and 

 burnt. 



SNAILS. Some gardens are considerably infested 

 with snails, though they are less general enemies than 

 slugs. The larger snails belong to the genus Helix, but 

 only two of them need be mentioned here as garden 

 enemies. The common snail (H. aspera) is yellow-brown, 

 with five dark lines or nafrow bands running round it, 

 and wrinkled or rough on the outer surface. The shell 

 of this species sometimes reaches i\ inches in diameter, 

 and the inhabitant reaches a length of 2 to 3 inches 

 when fully extended. The garden snail (H. hortensis) is 

 marbled with dark spots and markings on an ochreous 

 ground, and the out-turned lip of the shell is pale. This 

 also comes into the garden, but is more common on 

 grassy banks and hedgerows along with H. nemoralis, 

 distinguished by the dark out-turned lip. These snails 

 feed chiefly by night, and are very destructive to some 

 kinds of plants on account of their size and the quantity 

 they can eat in a night. They should be sought for in 

 garden frames on the underside of boards, and in corners 

 or secluded places where they can hide. Near and in 

 hedges they may be found hidden away amongst loose, 



dry leaves, especially in whiter, when they seal up the 

 entrance to the shell and attach themselves to wood, 

 stones, bricks, or to one another. They should be de- 

 stroyed, as well as the heaps of shining, whitish eggs 

 about the size of shot. Blackbirds and thrushes break 

 the shells on stones and consume large numbers of snails. 



SNAIL FLOWER. Phase'olus Caraca'lla. 

 SNAKE GOURD. Trictosa'nthes angui'na. 

 SNAKE PLANT. Dracu'nculus vulga'ris. 

 SNAKE ROOT. Arislolo'chia Serpenia'ria. 

 SNAKE'S BEARD. Ophiopo'gon. 

 SNAKE'S HEAD. Hermoda'ctylus tubero'sus. 

 SNAKE'S HEAD FRmLLARY. Fritilla'ria Melea'gris. 

 SNAKE'S MOUTH ORCHID. Pogo'nia ophicglossoi'des. 



SNAKE'S TONGUE or ADDER'S TONGUE. Ophio- 

 glo'ssum. 



SNAKE-WEED. Poly'gonum Bisto'rta. 



SNAKE WOOD. Bro'simum Auble'tii, Cecro'pia, and 

 Stry'chnos colubri'na. 



SNAPDRAGON. Antirrhi'num. 

 SNAPWEED. Impa'tiens. 

 SNEEZEWORT. A chilli a Pta'rmica. 



SNOW is one of the gardener's best shelters, and should 

 never be removed from his outdoor crops. It prevents 

 heat from radiating from them ; protects them from 

 freezing, drying blasts, and, being a bad conductor of 

 heat, thus prevents its escape from them. We have 

 never known the surface of the earth, below a covering 

 of snow, colder than 32, even when the temperature of 

 the air above has been 28. 



SNOWBALL-TREE. Vibu'rnum O'pulus sie'rUis. 



SNOWBERRY. Chioco'cca and Symphorica'rpus ract- 

 mo'sus. 



SNOWDROP. Anemone sylve'stris and Gala'nthus. 

 SNOWDROP-TREE. Hale'sia tetra'ptcra. 

 SNOWDROP-TREE, AFRICAN. Roye'na lu'cida. 

 SNOWDROP WINDFLOWER. Anemone sylve'stris. 

 SNOWFLAKE. Leuco'jum. 

 SNOW FLOWER. Chiona'nthus. 



SNOW GLORY, or GLORY OF THE SNOW. Chiono- 

 do'xa. 



SNOW IN SUMMER. Cera'stium tomento'sum. 



SNOW PEAR. Py'rus sinefnsis. 



SNOW TREE. Py'rus niva'lis. 



SNOWY FLY. Under the name of Aleyro'des three 

 species of insects, closely allied to the aphides, may be 

 noted, which are very injurious to various garden plants 

 when they are allowed to become very numerous. They 

 pierce the leaves with their long beaks, causing them to 

 become yellow, and die before their proper time. They 

 also make the leaves unsightly with the white scales 

 from which the pupae emerge. Aleyro'des Bra'ssicce is 

 the Cabbage Powdered Wing, and infests the leaves of 

 Cabbages and other members of the tribe. The head 

 and body between the wings are black, the rest of the 

 body yellow or rosy, and the four wings white and 

 powdery. The Snowy Fly of Cabbages (A. prolete'lla) is 

 more or less covered with a white powder, with a dusky 

 spot near the middle of the two fore-wings. Under the 

 powder the body is similar in colour to A . Brassiccz. A 

 third species is much more troublesome and destructive 

 to Tomatoes, Cucumbers, and many stove plants, and 

 is believed to have been introduced with plants from 

 Tropical America or Mexico. This also is known as 

 Snowy Fly (A. vaporario'rum), and is milk-white, with 

 pale yellow bodies and no spots on the wings. It lives 

 on the underside of the leaves, to which the white, scale- 

 like pupae become attached in immense numbers and 

 hatch out in a few days. 



The remedies adopted vary with the plants attacked. 

 The worst attacked leaves of Cabbages, &c., should be 



