SOILING-UP 



811 



SOLANUM 



vigorous vegetation of plants ; for when a soil is deprived 

 of those constituents by frequent washings with boiling 

 water, it is much less fertile than before. Liebig and 

 others have most illogically concluded, from the small- 

 ness of the soluble extract contained in a soil, that it is 

 of small importance, forgetting that as fast as it is taken 

 by the roots of the crop, it is generated again by the 

 decomposition of the animal and vegetable remains. 

 This is one reason why fallowing is beneficial. Easily 

 decomposing matters have been exhausted by successive 

 crops ; and by a year's rest, and exposure to the dis- 

 integrating agency of the air, rain, and frost, the more 

 stubborn and more slowly decomposing matters have 

 time to decay and accumulate in the soil. 



SOILING-UP. See BASINING-UP and EARTHING-UP. 



SO JA. (From sooja, the name of a sauce made from 

 the seeds in Japan. Nat. ord. Leguminous Plants 

 [Leguminosae]. Linn. ij-Diadelphia, ^-Decandria. Now 

 referred to Glycine.) 

 S. hi'spida (bristly). See GLYCINE SOJA. 



SOLA'NDRA. (Named after Dr. Solander, a Swedish 

 botanist. Nat. ord. Nightshades [Solanaceae], Linn. 

 $-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



Stove evergreen shrubs. Cuttings from flowering 

 shoots in open, sandy loam, and in a brisk bottom-heat ; 

 sandy loam, a little fibrous peat, and dried nodules of 

 old cow-dung. Winter temp., 30 to 60% and almost 

 dry ; summer, 60' to 90, and plenty of moisture when 

 growing. 

 S. grandiflo'ra (large-flowered). 15. Pale yellow. May. 



Jamaica. 1781. Climber. 

 gutta'ta (spotted-flowered). 12. Pale yellow. Mexico. 



1830. 



Icz'vis (smooth-leaved). See S. LONGIFLORA. 

 longifio'ra (long-flowered). 2. White. October. W. 



Ind. 



ni'tida (shining). See S. GRANDIFLORA. 

 opposiiifo'lia (opposite-leaved). See FAGR^A CEILA- 



NICA. 



viridiflo'ra (green-flowered). 3. Green. S. Amer. 

 1815. 



SOLA'NUM. Nightshade. (From solon, to comfort ; 

 soothing narcotic effect. Nat. ord. Nightshades [Solan- 

 acese]. Linn. $-Pentandria, i-Monogynia.) 



All freely by seeds. Annuals, hardy, seeds in the open 

 air ; tender, in a hotbed, and transplanted in J une ; 

 herbaceous, by similar means, and division ; shrubby, 

 by similar modes, and cuttings under a bell-glass, and 

 requiring the protection of a house and temperature, in 

 proportion to the place of which they are natives. See 

 POTATO. 



HARDY ANNUALS. 

 S. cEthio'picum (Ethiopian). i|. White. August. 



Ethiopia. 1597. 



cornu'tum (horned). See S. ROSTRATUM. 

 fontanesia'num (Fontaine's). Yellow. August. Brazil. 



1813. 

 guinee'nse (Guinea). 2-4. Violet. Berries black. 



Trop. Africa. 1889. 



hetera'ndrum (various-stamened). See S. ROSTRATUM. 

 heterodo' xum (heterodox). Blue. July. Mexico. 



1820. 

 ,, Lycopefrsicum (Lycopersicum). See LYCOPERSICUM 



ESCULENTUM. 



ni'grum (black-berried). 3. White. July. Both 



Worlds (Britain). "Hound Berry," "Wonder 



Berry." 

 ,, melanoce'rosum (black cherry). 2. White. July. 



Virginia. 1820. 

 minia'tum (scarlet). 1-2. White. Fruit scarlet. 



Kent. 



obttisifo'lium (blunt-leaved). August. 1831. 

 rostra' 'turn (beaked). Yellow. July. Mexico. 1823. 

 septe'mlobum (seven-lobed). China. 

 ., villo'sum (shaggy). Berries black. Europe ; Asia ; 



Africa. 



HARDY HERBACEOUS. 



S. cardiophy'llum (heart-leaved), i. Cream. June. 



Mexico. 1846. Tuberous. 



Commerso'nii (Commerson's) . 2. Pale lilac or white. 

 Argentina. 1822. Tuberous. 



S. cri'spum (curled). 18. Blue. June. Chili. 1824. 



Evergreen. " Potato-tree." 



demi'ssum (low-lying). See S. TUBEROSUM DEMISSUM. 

 Dulcama'ra (Dulcamara). 4-6 ft. long. Purple. 



Berries red. July to September. Europe (Britain). 



" Bitter-sweet." 

 etubero'sum (tuberless). 2. Purple. June. Chili. 



1833. 



fame' sit ( James's), t- White. July, August. North- 

 western Amer. 1844. Tuberous. 

 Ma'glia (Maglia). i-ij. White. July, August. 



Chili. 1862. Tuberous. 

 Ohro'ndii (Ohrond's). See S. COMMERSONII. 

 Torre'yi (Torrey's). 1-2. Purple. June to August. 



North-western Amer. 1878. 

 tubero'sum (tuberous. Potato). 2. White. July. 



S. Amer. 1597. 

 demi'ssum (low-lying), ij. June. Mexico. 1846. 



Tuberous, procumbent. 



GREENHOUSE ANNUALS. 

 S. fusca'tum (dusky). ii. Scarlet. June. S. Amer. 



1817. 

 Melange' no. (" Melongena "). Violet. June. Tropics, 



Old World. 1597. " Egg-plant." 

 escule'ntum (eatable). Blue. August. E. Ind. 



1815. 

 i> t> fru'ciu-a'lbo (white-fruited). 2. Blue. June. 



Tropics. 1597. 

 fru'ctu-lu'teo (yellow-fruited). 2. Blue. June. 



Tropics. 1597. 

 fru'ctu-ru'bro (red- fruited). 2. Blue. June. 



Tropics. 1597. 

 n fru'ctu-viola'ceo (violet- fruited). 2. Blue. June. 



Tropics. 1597. 

 ovi'gerum (egg-bearing). 2. Blue. June. Africa. 



I597- 

 ovi'gerum (egg-bearing). See S. MELONGENA ovi- 



GERUM. 



pu'ngens (stinging). Blue, violet. June. Australia. 



1823. 

 racemifio'rum (cluster-flowered). 2. White, rose. 



August. S. Amer. 1818. Biennial. 



GREENHOUSE HERBACEOUS. 



S. a'lbidum (whitish). 2-3. White. August, September. 

 Peru. 



Poortma'nni (Poortmann's). 2-3. White. Sep- 

 tember. Andes. 1886. 



campanula' turn (bell-flowered). i. Blue. June. 

 N.S. Wales. 1836. 



, ; corona' turn (crowned). See S. SAMBUCIFLORUM. 



crini'tum (bristly). 6-8. Deep blue. Quito. 

 1889. 



cyana'nthum (blue-flowered). 6. June. Brazil. 

 1880. 



escule'ntum (esculent). See LYCOPERSICUM ESCULEN- 

 TUM. 



glaucophy'llum (glaucous-leaved). See S. GLAUCUM. 



glau'cum (sea-green). 3-6. Blue. Buenos Ayres. 

 1880. 



jasminoi'des (jasmine-like). 6. Purple. August. 

 S. Amer. 1838. Cumber. 



floribu'ndum ( free-flowering) N Flowers more 

 abundant. 1885. 



peruvia'num (Peruvian). See LYCOPERSICUM PERU- 

 VIANUM. 



Pseu'do-lycopc'rsicum (false-lycopersicum). See 

 LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM. 



quercifo'lium (oak-leaved). 3-5. Violet, large. Peru. 

 1880. 



robu'stum (robust). 2-4. White. Brazil. 1868. 



sambuciflo'rum (Sambucus-flpwered). 3. White. 

 Fruit size of a plum. Brazil. 1892. 



somnicule'ntum (sleep-giving). ij. Pale violet. 

 Mexico. 



texa'num (Texan). 1-2. Whitish- violet. Fruit red. 

 Texas. 1861. 



ovi'gerum (egg-bearing). Fruit red, as large as 

 an egg. 1894. 



tricolor (three-coloured). Fruit white, changing 

 to yellow, then red. 1907. 



teeedia ntim (Tweedic's). i. W T hite, purple. Sep- 

 tember. Buenos Ayres. 1833. 



